1 00:00:00,620 --> 00:00:12,619 As we know, the Sun is a sphere with a diameter of 1.4 million kilometers, and it can reach a temperature of 15.5 million degrees Celsius. 2 00:00:12,619 --> 00:00:20,620 We can represent some magnetic field structures, for example, we can create solar speckles, magnetic fields from solar plasma, 3 00:00:20,620 --> 00:00:29,620 the magnetic field lines, and the coronal rain, with only a jar, two magnets, and iron filings. 4 00:00:29,620 --> 00:00:39,619 Also, we can create the sunspots. These spots are in the sun, and because of their lower temperature, they are darker. 5 00:00:39,619 --> 00:00:45,619 The iron fillings interact with the two magnets, so they represent the magnetic fields. 6 00:00:45,619 --> 00:00:53,619 The sun is a massive sphere of hot gas and magnetic fields, is this one, known as plasma due to its heat temperature. 7 00:00:53,619 --> 00:00:58,579 Plasma motion within the Sun generates an electrocurrent and magnetic field, like this, 8 00:00:58,579 --> 00:01:04,500 resulting in various magnetic structures on its surface, including sunspots, that is this, 9 00:01:04,500 --> 00:01:09,519 prominences, that is this, and coronal loops, that is this. 10 00:01:09,519 --> 00:01:18,140 The sunspots are parts that are at lower temperature, they are at 4200K when the rest of the Sun 11 00:01:18,140 --> 00:01:21,959 is at 6000K approximately. 12 00:01:21,959 --> 00:01:26,420 They are the key to investigate the magnetic activity of the sun. 13 00:01:26,420 --> 00:01:31,920 They are for me because the magnetic field of the sun suppresses convective motions. 14 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:36,319 They are seen as dark patches when the background is white. 15 00:01:36,319 --> 00:01:38,980 She can exist for days or weeks. 16 00:01:38,980 --> 00:01:45,959 The sunspots often lead to big explosions like solar flares and coronal mass ejections. 17 00:01:45,959 --> 00:01:49,620 This is a bit of a sunspot exploring. 18 00:01:49,620 --> 00:01:54,760 This explosion sends out energy waves across the Sun's atmosphere. 19 00:01:54,760 --> 00:01:58,959 One of the most popular methods to study them is polarization. 20 00:01:58,959 --> 00:02:03,980 This light is electromagnetic waves that are produced by synchronized oscillations of 21 00:02:03,980 --> 00:02:08,740 magnetic and electric fields that move in a perpendicular form. 22 00:02:08,740 --> 00:02:10,539 This is an oscillation. 23 00:02:10,539 --> 00:02:15,780 In our experiment, you can see the iron film representing the magnetic field of the Sun 24 00:02:15,780 --> 00:02:19,400 and how magnets attract them like the gravity of the Sun. 25 00:02:19,400 --> 00:02:25,599 is our experiment. Also, the one that is just one magnet, you can see the representation 26 00:02:25,599 --> 00:02:30,960 of the surface and the magnetic field of the Sun, but not the complete field, just one 27 00:02:30,960 --> 00:02:39,699 side. In the first experiment, we used the iron filings as if they were the solar rays, 28 00:02:39,699 --> 00:02:49,360 and we took two magnets and then we divided the iron filings because we put the two magnets 29 00:02:49,360 --> 00:02:58,080 in the sides of the jar, but they aren't separate because we put the two magnets on the sides 30 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:05,599 and the magnetic field is equal in both sides. And in the second experiment we use a pair of glasses 31 00:03:05,599 --> 00:03:12,719 with a sheet of paper simulating that we can see the sunspots. This happens because the 32 00:03:12,719 --> 00:03:19,919 polarized light changes. At the beginning the polarized light is circular but then is linear. 33 00:03:21,439 --> 00:03:27,120 For the project we did three experiments. The first one was called solar magnetic structure. 34 00:03:27,120 --> 00:03:32,560 The material we need for this experiment are a pair of strong magnets, a transparent jar, 35 00:03:32,560 --> 00:03:37,840 iron fillings and a transparent body oil. The procedure is to put the iron fillings inside 36 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:43,759 the jar then introduce the body oil and finally move the magnets from the outside so it will 37 00:03:43,759 --> 00:03:49,680 simulate a magnetic field the third measurement was the rotation period of the sun for this 38 00:03:49,680 --> 00:03:55,919 experiment we need to calculate the diameter of the sun after we measure the diameter we 39 00:03:55,919 --> 00:04:02,960 calculate the distance between the sunspots so once the oil had been poured into the 40 00:04:02,960 --> 00:04:14,960 and the iron filings had been poured in too. By taking the two magnets and positioning them on either side of the jar, the iron filings had that effect. 41 00:04:14,960 --> 00:04:28,959 The iron filings are sensitive to magnet fields generated by magnets. That's to help us to visualize the magnetic field lines. 42 00:04:28,959 --> 00:04:42,319 So, the results of the second experiment are that Mercury lasts 59 days, Venus 243 days, 43 00:04:42,319 --> 00:04:50,959 the Earth 23 hours and 56 minutes, Mars 24 hours and 57 minutes, Jupiter 9 hours and 44 00:04:50,959 --> 00:04:54,959 55 minutes, Saturn 10 hours and 40 minutes, 45 00:04:54,959 --> 00:04:58,459 Uranus 17 hours and 14 46 00:04:58,459 --> 00:05:01,860 minutes and Neptune 16 hours and 47 00:05:01,860 --> 00:05:05,360 6 minutes and the overall results 48 00:05:05,360 --> 00:05:09,459 are 27 days, 22 hours 49 00:05:09,459 --> 00:05:10,060 and 2 minutes.