1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:38,990 Hello, my name is Oliver and I'm going to be talking about Hannibal Barca's campaign against the Romans. 2 00:00:38,990 --> 00:00:48,750 Hannibal Barca was the son of Hamilcar Barca, who was the leading Carthaginian general in the First Punic War. 3 00:00:48,750 --> 00:00:59,750 In 218 B.C., Hannibal Barca attacked Saguntum, a town in Spain allied to Rome, starting the Second Punic War. 4 00:01:01,750 --> 00:01:13,750 He started in Carthage of Nerva, nowadays Cartagena, and he went up and sieged Saguntum. 5 00:01:13,750 --> 00:01:26,750 The Battle of Saguntum in 218 B.C. was the beginning of the Second Phoenix War and the start of Hannibal Barca's campaign against the Romans. 6 00:01:26,750 --> 00:01:36,450 After his victory at Saguntum, he then crossed the Pyrenees and began his campaign in Italy. 7 00:01:36,450 --> 00:01:47,450 Given Hannibal's crossing of the Alps, of the Pyrenees, because Hannibal declared that it was impossible, not least with elephants, 8 00:01:47,450 --> 00:01:55,450 reacting to Hannibal's deprivations, Hannibal famously said, I will either find a way or make one, and so he did. 9 00:01:55,450 --> 00:02:05,450 After Saguntum, he went up, crossed the Pyrenees, and engaged the Roman army up in Trebia. 10 00:02:05,450 --> 00:02:18,449 The Battle of the River Tresma in 218 BC was a huge Carthaginian success and was the first major battle and victory for Carthaginians in the Second Punic War. 11 00:02:18,449 --> 00:02:32,449 Having won at Tresma, it went further down to engage another Roman army in the Battle of Lake Tresma. 12 00:02:32,449 --> 00:02:45,110 The Battle of Lake Chasmain in 217 B.C. was a devastating defeat for the Romans. The Carthaginians ambushed the Romans, killing, capturing, or vaunting the entire army. 13 00:02:46,590 --> 00:03:03,000 He went further down, and after the victory at Lake Chasmain, he then took on the capital city of the Brutii Roman family, resulting in another Carthaginian victory. 14 00:03:03,759 --> 00:03:27,360 Then he went, then he, this bit down here had already been taken by Carthage earlier, so he went up to get out, to get over, to make the Romans go back to their place. 15 00:03:27,360 --> 00:03:38,360 The Battle of Cannae in 216 BC was a decisive victory of the Carthaginian army over the larger Roman forces by surrounding Romans. 16 00:03:38,360 --> 00:03:44,360 This was one of the most famous defeats Rome ever suffered. 17 00:03:44,360 --> 00:03:49,740 Then he went down to Tarentum. 18 00:03:49,740 --> 00:04:01,740 Eventually he reached southern Italy and took a boat at Tarentum, the city of the Lutei Roman family, previously captured by other Carthaginian armies. 19 00:04:01,740 --> 00:04:18,370 Then he went further down to Crotum and did the same. Crotum was another Roman city and he stayed there until he received information 20 00:04:18,370 --> 00:04:27,370 about a Roman attack near the city of Carthage, which set up the Battle of Zama in 202 BC. 21 00:04:27,370 --> 00:04:36,370 Hannibal sailed back to Carthage to engage the Roman army, led by Scipio Africanus and Publius Cornelius Scipio, 22 00:04:36,370 --> 00:04:41,370 in hope of ridding Carthage of the Romans. 23 00:04:41,370 --> 00:04:47,370 He sailed back and landed in Carthage and further down to Zama. 24 00:04:47,370 --> 00:04:58,810 The Battle of Zama was a devastating defeat for Hannibal that potentially sent him and his troops into exile. 25 00:04:58,810 --> 00:05:01,810 This really was Carthage's last war. 26 00:05:01,810 --> 00:05:08,810 Of course, Carthage did recover eventually, only to be defeated by Rome again in the Third and Last Civil War, 27 00:05:08,810 --> 00:05:11,810 which marked the end of Carthage. 28 00:05:11,810 --> 00:05:28,009 Though this may seem the end of Hannibal's journey, Hannibal, though defeated, succeeded at rebuilding his reputation and political standard in Carthage. 29 00:05:28,750 --> 00:05:39,329 He later joined up with Antiochus III, king of the Seleucid Empire, as his strategic advisor and later commander in the Seleucid Roman Wars. 30 00:05:40,170 --> 00:05:43,209 After a series of defeats, he finally went into exile. 31 00:05:45,589 --> 00:05:52,889 Hannibal spent the later part of his life in Bithynia, modern-day Turkey, until the Romans finally found him. 32 00:05:53,990 --> 00:06:02,430 Many great poets and historians of the following centuries, like Nivi or Virgil, disagree on where, when, and how Hannibal died, 33 00:06:02,430 --> 00:06:09,250 but most of them agree that Hannibal committed suicide in a fort in Bithynia, surrounded by Roman armies. 34 00:06:09,329 --> 00:06:13,329 about 183 B.C. 35 00:06:13,329 --> 00:06:17,329 Hannibal's life had its ups and downs, 36 00:06:17,329 --> 00:06:21,329 victories and defeats, wars and times of 37 00:06:21,329 --> 00:06:25,329 peace, but never in his life did he break his oath he swore to his 38 00:06:25,329 --> 00:06:29,329 father so long ago. Never made friends with a boat. 39 00:06:29,329 --> 00:06:35,279 Ian, thank you for listening. 40 00:06:35,279 --> 00:06:39,279 Wow. Amazing. Yeah. 41 00:06:39,279 --> 00:07:08,740 Well, wait a minute guys, Laura, unbelievable, I don't want, I can't talk, I don't know what to say, it's amazing the maps, all the routes, the nibbles, there's a history lesson, master, unbelievable, Oliver. 42 00:07:09,279 --> 00:07:13,160 Excellent. Brilliant.