1 00:00:03,379 --> 00:00:12,400 Hello everyone! Welcome again to our English class. Today we're going to revise 2 00:00:12,400 --> 00:00:22,300 the way we form the passive and we're going to focus on the passive for two 3 00:00:22,300 --> 00:00:33,939 tenses, the present simple and the past simple. What we have to know about English verbs in 4 00:00:33,939 --> 00:00:46,060 general is that we've got two forms, two voices. The active voice, the active 5 00:00:46,060 --> 00:00:55,390 voice and the passive voice. In the active voice, the subject, in this case I, 6 00:00:55,390 --> 00:01:02,549 it's the person that carries out the action, the person that causes the action. 7 00:01:02,549 --> 00:01:10,329 I posted the letter, I did something, I carry out the action of posting the 8 00:01:10,329 --> 00:01:17,989 letter on Monday. However, in the passive voice the subject, in this case the 9 00:01:17,989 --> 00:01:25,489 letter does not carry out the action. The subject receives the action. The letter 10 00:01:25,489 --> 00:01:37,269 was posted on Monday. In other words, somebody posted the letter on Monday. We 11 00:01:37,269 --> 00:01:42,590 know or we say what happens to the subject but we don't say who or what 12 00:01:42,590 --> 00:01:49,329 performs the action. The structure of the passive or the way we form the 13 00:01:49,329 --> 00:01:57,090 passive it's basically the verb to be in different the different tenses and the 14 00:01:57,090 --> 00:02:05,709 past participle of the main verb the past participle is an ED form of regular 15 00:02:05,709 --> 00:02:14,770 verbs and the third column of the lists of irregular verbs in your book if I'm 16 00:02:14,770 --> 00:02:24,550 not mistaken on pages 138 and 139 you've got a list of irregular verbs. Last week 17 00:02:24,550 --> 00:02:30,069 we talked about them. Last week when we saw the past simple and past continuous 18 00:02:30,069 --> 00:02:41,169 we or I reminded you that you had to know your regular verbs. In that case it 19 00:02:41,169 --> 00:02:46,629 was the second column but as you can see now we have to know about the third 20 00:02:46,629 --> 00:02:51,789 column too. So again it's up to you to revise them in case you think you don't 21 00:02:51,789 --> 00:03:01,789 know your regular verbs. Like we said at the beginning, today we are going to 22 00:03:01,789 --> 00:03:08,289 focus on the present simple, the passive in the present simple and the passive in 23 00:03:08,289 --> 00:03:18,629 the past simple so here you have pairs of sentences active passive active 24 00:03:18,629 --> 00:03:26,530 passive in present and in past so how do we know or what the difference if you 25 00:03:26,530 --> 00:03:32,939 look at this sentence this sentence in the active voice is a sentence in the 26 00:03:32,939 --> 00:03:39,900 present because the verb is in the present I write letters every day so how 27 00:03:39,900 --> 00:03:45,159 do I know that these other sentence which is a passive sentence is in the 28 00:03:45,159 --> 00:03:50,879 present simple because the verb to be is in the present simple letters are 29 00:03:50,879 --> 00:03:57,620 written every day the same happens for the past simple here we have a sentence 30 00:03:57,620 --> 00:04:02,759 an active sentence in the with a verb in the past she wrote a letter yesterday by 31 00:04:02,759 --> 00:04:11,240 the way irregular and then we have a passive sentence with the verb to be in the past simple 32 00:04:11,240 --> 00:04:22,009 so therefore this sentence is a passive sentence in the past simple usually when we use the passive 33 00:04:22,009 --> 00:04:31,509 we we tend to use the passive because the person who carries out the action 34 00:04:31,509 --> 00:04:40,709 is unknown or unimportant or obvious etc so we don't normally mention 35 00:04:42,870 --> 00:04:48,810 that person who carries out the action we don't normally say that but if we want to say i mean 36 00:04:48,810 --> 00:04:58,250 and obviously we don't say it if it's somebody or if it's um um a pronoun but if we do want to say 37 00:04:58,250 --> 00:05:06,730 who carried out um the the action uh something if it's something unusual if it's something 38 00:05:08,009 --> 00:05:15,610 i don't know like in this case because we want to mention it for some reason and i have father or 39 00:05:15,610 --> 00:05:22,490 we need to mention it like here or like here in some sentences 40 00:05:22,490 --> 00:05:27,170 where the meaning would be lost if we didn't mention it. What we have to 41 00:05:27,170 --> 00:05:36,970 remember is that part of the sentence which is called the agent is introduced 42 00:05:36,970 --> 00:05:48,829 by the preposition. Now we're going to look at this example more in detail 43 00:05:48,829 --> 00:05:54,470 because it represents what steps we have to follow when we are turning an active 44 00:05:54,470 --> 00:06:03,079 sentence into a passive sentence. So let's look at it. Leslie took this 45 00:06:03,079 --> 00:06:10,100 photograph yesterday. This is an active sentence in the present. This photograph 46 00:06:10,100 --> 00:06:14,720 was taken by Leslie yesterday. It's the same sentence saying the same basically 47 00:06:14,720 --> 00:06:22,819 the same thing but in the passive okay so what steps do you have to follow when 48 00:06:22,819 --> 00:06:31,000 we are turning or when you are turning an active sentence into the passive 49 00:06:31,000 --> 00:06:46,889 first you have to look for the object of the active sentence this case this 50 00:06:46,889 --> 00:07:00,850 photograph is the object why do you need to look for the object because the 51 00:07:00,850 --> 00:07:18,100 object will turn into the subject in the passive sentence step number two you 52 00:07:18,100 --> 00:07:28,480 have to look at the verb in order to identify its tense to go to our example 53 00:07:28,480 --> 00:07:39,199 we look at them the verb which is sorry chook we can see that it is a verb in 54 00:07:39,199 --> 00:07:46,699 the past simple and we have to do that because it affects the way or the tense 55 00:07:46,699 --> 00:07:54,199 of the verb to be will be in if the verb in the active voice is in the past 56 00:07:54,199 --> 00:08:00,000 simple the verb to be is in the past simple the way remember that it has to 57 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:12,139 concord with the subject in person and number this is a singular subject so 58 00:08:12,139 --> 00:08:22,160 the verb to be will be was so step number three see if I can go back to 59 00:08:22,160 --> 00:08:30,500 this yeah what's the third step you have to do and I like to separate this really 60 00:08:30,500 --> 00:08:42,279 separately. You've got to write the main verb in the past participle form. 61 00:08:42,279 --> 00:08:57,870 Again, that's it. The main verb was took. To take. The past participle of the verb 62 00:08:57,870 --> 00:09:11,019 to take is taken and finally the step number four is optional sometimes when I 63 00:09:11,019 --> 00:09:19,220 sometimes it is compulsory but it won't always appear we've just talked about it 64 00:09:19,220 --> 00:09:27,980 before if you need to mention the agent it has to be mentioned it'll be 65 00:09:27,980 --> 00:09:37,720 introduced by the preposition by but remember that it is not obligatory always 66 00:09:37,720 --> 00:09:50,009 to say or what or who carried out the action it's very common to see in people 67 00:09:50,009 --> 00:09:57,129 who are learning English write sentences like my... I'm gonna write it down here so you can 68 00:09:57,129 --> 00:10:12,830 see my wallet was stolen I was taken see by somebody this is very silly okay 69 00:10:12,830 --> 00:10:22,610 because we wouldn't say by somebody at all we can say though my wallet was 70 00:10:22,610 --> 00:10:32,870 taken. That's correct, perfectly correct sentence in the passive. Finally, I'm 71 00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:41,029 gonna erase this so you can see what comes below. You also, if you want or you 72 00:10:41,029 --> 00:10:47,610 need, if there are other complements, you add them afterwards. This is basically 73 00:10:47,610 --> 00:10:53,370 So as usual you have to do some practice and if you do have any 74 00:10:53,370 --> 00:11:01,490 question I will be available in the video call or via message or you can ask 75 00:11:01,490 --> 00:11:04,309 the questions in class.