1 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:05,000 Everywhere I go, people ask me one question again and again. 2 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:10,000 Do you think there is life elsewhere in the universe? 3 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:15,000 And we don't know yet where life is except for here on Earth. 4 00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:18,000 We have two places that we want to check out. 5 00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:23,000 Moons in our solar system, Europa and Enceladus. 6 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:26,000 So I'm going to talk a little bit about that today. 7 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:32,979 Okay, we all know you don't start as a grown-up. 8 00:00:33,280 --> 00:00:34,219 We start as children. 9 00:00:34,340 --> 00:00:36,200 When life begins, it starts as children. 10 00:00:36,359 --> 00:00:38,420 So I'm going to have a little quiz here. 11 00:00:39,399 --> 00:00:43,880 One of these people is me on my sixth birthday. 12 00:00:44,460 --> 00:00:45,460 Elise Pugliano. 13 00:00:46,479 --> 00:00:48,619 We were going to the moon back in that time. 14 00:00:48,700 --> 00:00:51,399 This was our little rocket ship with the tinfoil. 15 00:00:52,039 --> 00:00:54,320 And the astronauts were going to land on the moon. 16 00:00:55,100 --> 00:00:56,159 So do we have any guesses? 17 00:00:59,619 --> 00:01:00,060 Yeah? 18 00:01:00,060 --> 00:01:04,939 This one. 19 00:01:04,939 --> 00:01:05,939 The best. 20 00:01:05,939 --> 00:01:08,439 This one. 21 00:01:08,439 --> 00:01:09,439 Okay. 22 00:01:09,439 --> 00:01:10,439 That one. 23 00:01:10,439 --> 00:01:11,439 And you? 24 00:01:11,439 --> 00:01:12,439 Me. 25 00:01:12,439 --> 00:01:13,439 And the boy that is in the rocket. 26 00:01:13,439 --> 00:01:14,439 This one? 27 00:01:14,439 --> 00:01:15,439 No. 28 00:01:15,439 --> 00:01:16,439 This one? 29 00:01:16,439 --> 00:01:17,439 Yes. 30 00:01:17,439 --> 00:01:18,439 Okay. 31 00:01:18,439 --> 00:01:19,439 This one that I. 32 00:01:19,439 --> 00:01:20,439 This one? 33 00:01:20,439 --> 00:01:21,439 Yes. 34 00:01:21,439 --> 00:01:22,439 Behind Roco? 35 00:01:22,439 --> 00:01:23,439 This one? 36 00:01:23,439 --> 00:01:24,439 Yes. 37 00:01:24,439 --> 00:01:25,439 And this one? 38 00:01:25,439 --> 00:01:26,439 Yes. 39 00:01:26,439 --> 00:01:27,439 Okay. 40 00:01:27,439 --> 00:01:28,439 Okay. 41 00:01:28,439 --> 00:01:29,439 This one? 42 00:01:29,439 --> 00:01:30,439 Yes. 43 00:01:30,439 --> 00:01:43,060 Okay. 44 00:01:43,060 --> 00:01:44,060 And that one? 45 00:01:44,060 --> 00:01:48,609 Yes. 46 00:01:48,609 --> 00:01:49,609 This one? 47 00:01:49,609 --> 00:01:50,609 Yes. 48 00:01:50,609 --> 00:01:51,609 Okay. 49 00:01:51,609 --> 00:01:52,609 In the back there. 50 00:01:52,609 --> 00:01:57,609 The boy in the red shirt. 51 00:01:57,609 --> 00:01:58,609 The red shirt. 52 00:01:58,609 --> 00:01:59,609 Okay. 53 00:01:59,609 --> 00:02:00,609 This one. 54 00:02:00,609 --> 00:02:01,609 Yeah? 55 00:02:01,609 --> 00:02:02,609 This. 56 00:02:02,609 --> 00:02:03,609 The boy. 57 00:02:03,609 --> 00:02:04,609 The boy. 58 00:02:04,609 --> 00:02:05,609 For the... 59 00:02:05,609 --> 00:02:06,609 The... 60 00:02:06,609 --> 00:02:07,609 The boy is... 61 00:02:07,609 --> 00:02:08,610 This one? 62 00:02:08,610 --> 00:02:09,610 Yes. 63 00:02:09,610 --> 00:02:10,610 Okay. 64 00:02:10,610 --> 00:02:11,610 You? 65 00:02:11,610 --> 00:02:31,389 The boy is. This one? Yes. Okay. You? The person with the flag. With the what? With the flag. With the flag. Yes. Okay. 66 00:02:31,389 --> 00:02:42,389 Who has to come? You. The person with t-shirt. The t-shirt. This one? Yes. Okay. Yeah. 67 00:02:42,389 --> 00:02:49,020 This one? 68 00:02:51,659 --> 00:02:52,400 This one? 69 00:02:53,400 --> 00:02:53,960 Okay. 70 00:02:55,060 --> 00:02:55,960 Yeah, you in the back? 71 00:02:58,340 --> 00:03:01,770 Behind the rocket. 72 00:03:03,930 --> 00:03:05,490 Okay, I think we better stop. 73 00:03:05,849 --> 00:03:10,990 Now, maybe I missed you, but I don't think anyone's guessed right yet. 74 00:03:12,129 --> 00:03:13,849 Now, see, here's the difficult thing. 75 00:03:14,490 --> 00:03:16,289 I'm right in front of you. 76 00:03:16,289 --> 00:03:24,330 and it's difficult to tell right so finding life can be challenging even even when you 77 00:03:24,330 --> 00:03:38,050 have some clues I'm the clue this is me this is my brother I say brother Romano my sister 78 00:03:38,050 --> 00:03:46,270 okay so when we're gonna go look for life we have to really keep our eyes open because 79 00:03:46,270 --> 00:03:54,439 It might be right in front of us, and we may not see it. 80 00:03:54,439 --> 00:03:59,439 When I was about your age, the astronauts went to the moon, 81 00:03:59,439 --> 00:04:04,439 and a man named Neil Armstrong landed on the moon, Buzz Aldrin. 82 00:04:04,439 --> 00:04:06,439 He got out and walked on the moon. 83 00:04:06,439 --> 00:04:10,960 You heard about that? 84 00:04:10,960 --> 00:04:14,960 And they took pictures so we could see the Earth back here. 85 00:04:14,960 --> 00:04:16,959 And everybody started thinking, 86 00:04:16,959 --> 00:04:20,959 wow, we thought the Earth is so big, and it will last forever, 87 00:04:20,959 --> 00:04:24,959 But there it was, hanging in space, and it looked a little fragile. 88 00:04:24,959 --> 00:04:27,959 People started thinking, maybe we should take care of it. 89 00:04:27,959 --> 00:04:30,959 That just hanging in space, this is the only place that we have. 90 00:04:30,959 --> 00:04:33,959 And I was real fortunate, when I was your age, 91 00:04:33,959 --> 00:04:36,959 when they came back from the moon, they had a big parade. 92 00:04:36,959 --> 00:04:38,959 How do you say parade? 93 00:04:41,959 --> 00:04:46,959 And I went to a big parade, and we got to see Neil Armstrong waving to the crowd. 94 00:04:46,959 --> 00:04:48,959 So that was exciting for me. 95 00:04:48,959 --> 00:04:52,959 So that was my first introduction to NASA. 96 00:04:52,959 --> 00:04:58,959 Then I decided I wanted to be an engineer, and we had to learn all kinds of complicated stuff. 97 00:04:58,959 --> 00:05:03,959 But it's still about the excitement of space. 98 00:05:03,959 --> 00:05:06,959 Okay, where is life? 99 00:05:06,959 --> 00:05:14,339 Well, first of all, let's think about what do you need to stay alive? 100 00:05:14,339 --> 00:05:16,339 We need water. 101 00:05:16,339 --> 00:05:23,540 we need water you can't go for very long without water yeah what else do you need 102 00:05:28,129 --> 00:05:28,610 plants 103 00:05:32,209 --> 00:05:33,569 plants okay yeah 104 00:05:39,569 --> 00:05:42,769 air we need air to breathe okay yeah 105 00:05:42,769 --> 00:05:48,629 Yeah, how many ate breakfast this morning? 106 00:05:50,050 --> 00:05:50,769 Dece uno? 107 00:05:51,129 --> 00:05:51,750 Help me say it. 108 00:05:51,790 --> 00:05:52,430 Dece uno? 109 00:05:53,250 --> 00:05:54,509 Okay, see, I'm just learning. 110 00:05:55,089 --> 00:05:55,910 You need food. 111 00:05:56,910 --> 00:05:59,949 We need food and we need water. 112 00:06:00,689 --> 00:06:01,610 Okay, yeah? 113 00:06:01,990 --> 00:06:02,470 Oxygen. 114 00:06:02,930 --> 00:06:04,389 Oxygen, yeah, from the air. 115 00:06:05,129 --> 00:06:08,829 So when we're looking for life, we're going to go look for some of these things. 116 00:06:08,829 --> 00:06:09,810 Jay, you got another one? 117 00:06:11,310 --> 00:06:11,829 Animoza. 118 00:06:11,829 --> 00:06:13,689 Yeah, that's the kind of food. 119 00:06:15,370 --> 00:06:20,029 Okay, so we said, where can we find water? 120 00:06:20,129 --> 00:06:23,329 Well, first of all, we don't want frozen water, right? 121 00:06:23,370 --> 00:06:24,810 You can't drink frozen water. 122 00:06:25,550 --> 00:06:26,970 And we don't want water vapor. 123 00:06:27,069 --> 00:06:28,430 We don't want steam. 124 00:06:29,310 --> 00:06:29,829 A mountain? 125 00:06:32,449 --> 00:06:34,250 Okay, yeah, there's mountains here. 126 00:06:34,949 --> 00:06:37,009 So we said, let's go look for the water. 127 00:06:37,850 --> 00:06:39,829 Well, Mars is the right temperature. 128 00:06:40,629 --> 00:06:43,069 You know the story of Goldilocks and the three bears? 129 00:06:43,810 --> 00:06:47,009 That you get the three bowls and one was too hot? 130 00:06:47,230 --> 00:06:48,009 Muy caliente? 131 00:06:50,310 --> 00:06:51,350 Muy frio? 132 00:06:52,310 --> 00:06:54,589 And the one in the middle was just right. 133 00:06:54,689 --> 00:06:55,610 How do you say just right? 134 00:06:57,649 --> 00:06:58,170 Perfecto? 135 00:06:59,509 --> 00:07:00,029 Okay. 136 00:07:00,689 --> 00:07:06,089 So we want the water where the water is liquid, where we can drink it. 137 00:07:06,089 --> 00:07:11,089 So, a planet like Mercury is too close to the Sun, it's too hot. 138 00:07:11,089 --> 00:07:14,089 We call it energy. Pluto is too cold. 139 00:07:14,089 --> 00:07:17,089 So Mars is one that's in the middle, like Earth. 140 00:07:17,089 --> 00:07:19,089 The temperature's not too high. 141 00:07:19,089 --> 00:07:23,089 So we went looking for water. Well, right now there's not a lot of water. 142 00:07:23,089 --> 00:07:27,089 But when we looked close, we found a little bit of water underneath the surface, 143 00:07:27,089 --> 00:07:31,089 and we saw signs that there used to be water there. 144 00:07:31,089 --> 00:07:35,089 And so, Mars just gave us some hints. 145 00:07:35,089 --> 00:07:41,149 about five years ago we sent a rover and landed it and my job is to help get it 146 00:07:41,149 --> 00:07:53,490 there I'm a navigator okay so here's Mercury there's Earth look at the big 147 00:07:53,490 --> 00:07:58,850 planets now Jupiter and Saturn they're further out at first people didn't think 148 00:07:58,850 --> 00:08:00,930 That was a good place to look. 149 00:08:03,029 --> 00:08:05,310 Then they said, wow, there's lots of moons. 150 00:08:06,250 --> 00:08:07,730 Here's the Earth's moon. 151 00:08:08,509 --> 00:08:09,569 That's how big it is. 152 00:08:10,709 --> 00:08:12,269 And here's the Earth. 153 00:08:13,189 --> 00:08:14,990 Jupiter has lots of moons. 154 00:08:15,129 --> 00:08:17,230 And we're going to talk about this one, Europa. 155 00:08:18,370 --> 00:08:19,629 Kind of a nice name, huh? 156 00:08:20,750 --> 00:08:22,790 And then we're going to go to Saturn, 157 00:08:23,050 --> 00:08:26,250 and we're going to look at a small one named Enceladus. 158 00:08:26,750 --> 00:08:28,649 Why are we going to look at those? 159 00:08:28,850 --> 00:08:35,850 Here's Jupiter with all the different color bands. 160 00:08:35,850 --> 00:08:40,850 Here's Europa passing in front of Jupiter. 161 00:08:40,850 --> 00:08:43,850 This is a big storm here, the Red Spot. 162 00:08:43,850 --> 00:08:45,850 There's the shadow. 163 00:08:45,850 --> 00:08:47,850 So it's a tiny little moon. 164 00:08:47,850 --> 00:08:50,850 But what's special about it? 165 00:08:50,850 --> 00:08:57,850 Well, the Hubble telescope took a picture and it saw some water shooting at it. 166 00:08:57,850 --> 00:08:59,850 How do you say geyser? 167 00:08:59,850 --> 00:09:01,850 Geyser. 168 00:09:01,850 --> 00:09:03,850 Geyser. 169 00:09:03,850 --> 00:09:05,850 Geyser. 170 00:09:05,850 --> 00:09:07,850 We saw this shooting out, 171 00:09:07,850 --> 00:09:09,850 and we said, 172 00:09:09,850 --> 00:09:11,850 where's the water coming from? 173 00:09:11,850 --> 00:09:13,850 It must come below the surface. 174 00:09:13,850 --> 00:09:15,850 And we looked at the surface, 175 00:09:15,850 --> 00:09:17,850 and it had ice on it. 176 00:09:17,850 --> 00:09:19,850 Hmm. 177 00:09:19,850 --> 00:09:21,850 Well, 178 00:09:21,850 --> 00:09:23,850 magically, 179 00:09:23,850 --> 00:09:25,850 some ice just appeared. 180 00:09:25,850 --> 00:09:30,639 Nope, not that one. 181 00:09:38,679 --> 00:09:40,679 Okay. 182 00:09:40,679 --> 00:09:42,679 Touch it. 183 00:09:42,679 --> 00:09:44,679 Is it hard? 184 00:09:44,679 --> 00:09:46,679 Yeah. 185 00:09:46,679 --> 00:09:49,990 Here, cast her in. 186 00:09:49,990 --> 00:09:51,990 Cast her in. 187 00:09:55,990 --> 00:09:57,990 Okay, so ice is hard. 188 00:09:59,990 --> 00:10:01,990 And it's cold. 189 00:10:01,990 --> 00:10:05,990 And we think the top of this is ice. 190 00:10:05,990 --> 00:10:07,990 It's not a good place for things to live. 191 00:10:07,990 --> 00:10:09,990 It's too cold, right? 192 00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:24,960 Can we turn on the lights for a second? 193 00:10:27,960 --> 00:10:29,960 Okay, we're going to do a little experiment. 194 00:10:29,960 --> 00:10:32,960 And my assistant here, can you pull a piece of ice out? 195 00:10:39,019 --> 00:10:43,190 Is it hard? 196 00:10:45,190 --> 00:10:46,190 It's hard. 197 00:10:46,190 --> 00:10:49,190 What do you think is going to happen when you put it in water? 198 00:10:49,190 --> 00:10:52,190 Is it going to sink or float? 199 00:10:52,190 --> 00:10:56,190 Okay, try it. 200 00:10:56,190 --> 00:11:01,190 Okay, it's floating. Can you see that? 201 00:11:01,190 --> 00:11:04,190 It floats. 202 00:11:04,190 --> 00:11:10,190 Now that's really strange because normally when things get cold, they condense. 203 00:11:10,190 --> 00:11:15,190 They get heavier and they start to sink. 204 00:11:15,190 --> 00:11:19,190 Now think about it, if you had a lake, like this. 205 00:11:19,190 --> 00:11:23,789 If you had a lake, and the ice were different so that it sank, 206 00:11:23,789 --> 00:11:26,590 then it would get to the bottom, and the bottom would be ice. 207 00:11:26,590 --> 00:11:29,710 And then more would get cold and sink to the bottom. 208 00:11:29,710 --> 00:11:32,230 So your lake would freeze, and all the fish 209 00:11:32,230 --> 00:11:34,990 would be squeezed out into the ocean, and they'd die. 210 00:11:34,990 --> 00:11:37,629 That's not good if you're not living then. 211 00:11:37,629 --> 00:11:41,970 So everything else, when it gets cold, gets heavier. 212 00:11:41,970 --> 00:11:45,210 but ice floats, so that's a real important thing here. 213 00:11:48,309 --> 00:11:52,809 We looked at where the plume came, it came from this spot, 214 00:11:52,809 --> 00:11:54,610 and then we took a picture with a special camera 215 00:11:54,610 --> 00:11:55,649 that shows heat. 216 00:12:00,750 --> 00:12:02,769 And right where the warm spot was 217 00:12:02,769 --> 00:12:04,049 is where the geyser came out. 218 00:12:04,049 --> 00:12:07,730 So we think it got warm and the ice got weak 219 00:12:07,730 --> 00:12:09,970 and it let some water out. 220 00:12:09,970 --> 00:12:13,169 So we think there's water underneath 221 00:12:13,169 --> 00:12:17,350 And we know that what's important for life is water. 222 00:12:17,350 --> 00:12:20,450 So we have liquid water out in this small little moon 223 00:12:20,450 --> 00:12:23,169 very far away. 224 00:12:23,169 --> 00:12:26,230 But we haven't actually seen something living. 225 00:12:26,230 --> 00:12:29,429 So right now, there's people making plans. 226 00:12:29,429 --> 00:12:33,090 We're building a spaceship to go to Jupiter 227 00:12:33,090 --> 00:12:36,950 and then come over to Europa and look for the geyser. 228 00:12:36,950 --> 00:12:38,289 How do you say that again? 229 00:12:38,289 --> 00:12:38,789 Geyser. 230 00:12:38,789 --> 00:12:40,190 That's a geyser. 231 00:12:40,190 --> 00:12:41,750 And when it lands, we're going to see 232 00:12:41,750 --> 00:12:46,970 there's anything living in the water little microbes bacteria or maybe a tiny 233 00:12:46,970 --> 00:12:51,529 fish we don't know yet we're just planning by the time you're grown up 234 00:12:51,529 --> 00:12:57,350 we'll be trying to do this maybe in another 10 15 20 years it's going to be 235 00:12:57,350 --> 00:13:01,309 very hard because it's very far away but this is one of the first places we're 236 00:13:01,309 --> 00:13:07,490 going to look besides Mars for life now we're going to go to Saturn so anybody 237 00:13:07,490 --> 00:13:37,470 else like the rings? I like the rings. How do you say rings? Aneals. Okay. From Earth, with a telescope, you can actually see the rings, but just not all the little details. You just see kind of one big ring. But there's hundreds and hundreds, and there's little moons that come and keep everything in order. Is your room ever a mess? My room is sometimes a mess. So there's little moons that come along and get everything lined up in a pretty 238 00:13:37,470 --> 00:13:45,350 grow. We call them shepherd moons. So, around Saturn, you've got another moon that we call 239 00:13:45,350 --> 00:13:52,710 Enceladus. Now, what's different about the top half to the bottom half? What do you see up here? 240 00:13:52,710 --> 00:14:06,519 It's not a circle. It's like a... I don't know the word. 241 00:14:06,519 --> 00:14:08,519 Okay, do you know the word? 242 00:14:08,519 --> 00:14:10,519 It's a sphere. 243 00:14:10,519 --> 00:14:11,519 A sphere, yeah. 244 00:14:11,519 --> 00:14:13,519 A hot cracker? 245 00:14:13,519 --> 00:14:14,519 A what? 246 00:14:14,519 --> 00:14:16,519 Crater. 247 00:14:16,519 --> 00:14:24,519 Crater, yeah, it's a crater. Things crash into the ice and make dents. We call it a crater in English. 248 00:14:24,519 --> 00:14:31,519 Now the fact that the craters stay there means that nobody has come and smoothed it out again. 249 00:14:31,519 --> 00:14:34,519 But look down here, you don't see so many craters. 250 00:14:34,519 --> 00:14:37,519 Something is going there and smoothing it out. 251 00:14:37,519 --> 00:14:42,519 And we see these long cracks. We call them tiger stripes. 252 00:14:42,519 --> 00:14:49,519 So this is different. This means nothing has happened for a long time and down here things are happening. 253 00:14:49,519 --> 00:14:52,519 And there are cracks in the ice. 254 00:14:52,519 --> 00:15:03,340 And we got a spaceship there, and we saw that there's these geysers shooting out of the ground. 255 00:15:03,340 --> 00:15:11,340 And we flew the spacecraft through the geyser and tested it, and it really was water. 256 00:15:11,340 --> 00:15:17,340 So now we know there's liquid water at Enceladus, and we made careful measurements, 257 00:15:17,340 --> 00:15:22,340 and there's little bits of organic material that can be used for food. 258 00:15:22,340 --> 00:15:29,539 food. So now we know a place where the water is liquid and where there's some food and there's a 259 00:15:29,539 --> 00:15:36,820 nice protection of ice and water underneath. So this is another place we want to look. Here's a 260 00:15:36,820 --> 00:15:43,039 picture of what we think is happening. You have the ice crust and the water shooting out and then 261 00:15:43,039 --> 00:15:49,960 a big ocean underneath. And then down at the bottom, we see some clues that there's a source 262 00:15:49,960 --> 00:15:56,580 of energy. Have you ever heard of hyperthermal vents? It's a big word. At the bottom of the 263 00:15:56,580 --> 00:16:02,240 ocean on Earth, there's places where heat from volcanoes gets out. And that can give 264 00:16:02,240 --> 00:16:07,519 the energy. We need energy. We get energy from food. Other kind of creatures can get 265 00:16:07,519 --> 00:16:17,980 it from these vents. So those are the places we're looking for light. Okay. Here's me on 266 00:16:17,980 --> 00:16:19,059 than the satellite did. 267 00:16:20,679 --> 00:16:21,600 Very big. 268 00:16:21,840 --> 00:16:23,600 40 meters. How do you say 40? 269 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:24,399 Corrente? 270 00:16:25,759 --> 00:16:26,200 Okay. 271 00:16:27,240 --> 00:16:29,679 So, I didn't want to sit here and talk to you. 272 00:16:29,759 --> 00:16:31,399 I wanted to have some time for questions. 273 00:16:31,559 --> 00:16:32,820 So why don't we bring up the lights 274 00:16:32,820 --> 00:16:35,639 and have some questions here. 275 00:16:36,620 --> 00:16:37,759 This is my part, 276 00:16:37,860 --> 00:16:39,299 is talking to the spaceships. 277 00:16:39,899 --> 00:16:41,240 You can ask about life. 278 00:16:41,320 --> 00:16:43,879 You can talk about planets or space. 279 00:16:47,399 --> 00:16:48,679 Everybody's going to be shy. 280 00:16:48,679 --> 00:16:49,200 Okay. 281 00:16:49,740 --> 00:17:00,860 Do you have any questions for Christopher about this, Charlie? 282 00:17:00,860 --> 00:17:17,380 When you see the planet, I love these things. 283 00:17:17,380 --> 00:17:21,380 Well, they can be described like me. 284 00:17:21,380 --> 00:17:26,380 Do you study math? Mathematics? 285 00:17:26,380 --> 00:17:54,140 I want to be a film engineer, or a coach, and I love math and this. I love this. 286 00:17:54,140 --> 00:17:57,140 So learn your math in science, yeah? 287 00:17:57,140 --> 00:18:01,140 Did you do English yet? Did you go into space? 288 00:18:01,140 --> 00:18:20,980 Did I go into space? No, I haven't. That would be a lot of fun. It turns out that going to space is a team effort. Just like on the football field, you may have a striker that gets the goal, but you have to have other people back playing defense in a goal league. 289 00:18:20,980 --> 00:18:23,180 You have to have a whole team to make it work. 290 00:18:23,720 --> 00:18:25,160 So we have thousands of people. 291 00:18:25,259 --> 00:18:28,640 When we go to a planet, it usually takes thousands of people on a team. 292 00:18:29,380 --> 00:18:31,920 So you need to learn your math and science, 293 00:18:32,039 --> 00:18:35,619 but you also need to learn how to work on teams if you want to be an engineer. 294 00:18:35,759 --> 00:18:36,680 That's really important. 295 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:45,019 When you were young, you were thinking of being an archaeologist, 296 00:18:45,859 --> 00:18:48,500 finding dinosaur bones and things like that. 297 00:18:48,500 --> 00:18:54,500 But I'm doing something a little different. We're still exploring, finding new things. 298 00:19:14,339 --> 00:19:17,339 Pluto? Does anybody like Pluto? 299 00:19:17,339 --> 00:19:21,339 Okay, who wants Pluto to still be a planet? 300 00:19:21,339 --> 00:19:23,339 Oh, okay. 301 00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:26,279 What happened is we started finding more things. 302 00:19:26,420 --> 00:19:27,720 There's more than just planets. 303 00:19:27,940 --> 00:19:30,259 There's big planets and small planets, 304 00:19:30,420 --> 00:19:32,500 and there's asteroids and comets and everything. 305 00:19:33,180 --> 00:19:36,740 And somebody found another thing that was as big as Pluto. 306 00:19:36,900 --> 00:19:40,039 So he said, do I get to call my thing a planet? 307 00:19:40,839 --> 00:19:43,019 And so all the astronomers got together and said, 308 00:19:43,440 --> 00:19:45,339 oh, what are the rules for being a planet? 309 00:19:45,579 --> 00:19:46,819 You better write these down. 310 00:19:47,119 --> 00:19:51,440 And they said there was going to be the big planets and the dwarf planets. 311 00:19:51,579 --> 00:19:53,079 And Pluto became a dwarf planet. 312 00:19:53,339 --> 00:19:55,440 So it's still there. It hasn't changed. 313 00:19:56,400 --> 00:19:59,880 And, well, maybe my sister will get over it. 314 00:20:00,200 --> 00:20:03,859 She got mad at me when we changed it from a regular planet to a work planet. 315 00:20:04,539 --> 00:20:05,839 Have you seen the picture of Pluto? 316 00:20:06,599 --> 00:20:10,380 It has a big flat area that's shaped kind of like a heart, a corazon. 317 00:20:11,279 --> 00:20:15,180 So my sister says, Pluto has a heart. 318 00:20:15,359 --> 00:20:17,819 Why can't you have a heart and make it a planet? 319 00:20:19,579 --> 00:20:20,059 Yeah? 320 00:20:20,059 --> 00:20:36,559 this is a great question about 20 years ago I was at work and he said someone's 321 00:20:36,559 --> 00:20:42,680 come to visit us let's go talk to him he said I found planets around other stars 322 00:20:42,680 --> 00:20:49,039 not around the Sun the Sun's on our star and we said wow people have thought 323 00:20:49,039 --> 00:20:53,359 about this but we've never seen it before and he showed us his experiments 324 00:20:53,359 --> 00:20:59,400 he was one of the first people now they found thousands all every day they go 325 00:20:59,400 --> 00:21:04,859 and find other planets around stars and some of them are our neighbor stars just 326 00:21:04,859 --> 00:21:09,380 a few light years away but we still can't get there very fast it takes maybe 327 00:21:09,380 --> 00:21:13,660 10 or 20 thousand years to get to the next star with kind of the riots we have 328 00:21:14,259 --> 00:21:16,559 So we need to find a faster way to get there. 329 00:21:17,099 --> 00:21:21,180 But yeah, we find planets around almost all stars. 330 00:21:21,299 --> 00:21:22,599 It's kind of a normal thing. 331 00:21:23,400 --> 00:21:28,319 So we don't know if there's life on the other planets around other stars or not yet. 332 00:21:28,380 --> 00:21:29,059 We're still looking. 333 00:21:29,859 --> 00:21:32,000 We went and we took our radio telescope, 334 00:21:32,000 --> 00:21:36,279 and we're listening in case someone sends us a message, but we haven't heard yet. 335 00:21:37,299 --> 00:21:37,519 Yeah? 336 00:21:38,019 --> 00:21:41,420 Do you know how many universes are there? 337 00:21:42,119 --> 00:21:43,279 How many universes? 338 00:21:43,660 --> 00:22:07,480 What we call the universe, it's got the word uni in it, meaning one. There's only one that we know of. But there are scientists going, maybe there are other universes that are hidden away. They're kind of inside a black hole or something like that. But we don't know yet. There's some reasons to say that might help explain things, but we haven't found any yet. That's a good question. Yeah? 339 00:22:07,480 --> 00:22:34,000 To Neptune? We found moons. In that past Neptune, we've got Pluto and Eris. It turns out, out past Neptune, there's a whole bunch of little planets. We call them Kuiper Belt objects. 340 00:22:34,000 --> 00:22:48,539 A fancy thing. Anna? How many stars in this guy? Oh, wow. No, it's a good question. I just don't know how to tell you a number that big. 341 00:22:48,539 --> 00:23:01,339 Okay, you know how if you have one and you put a zero, that's ten, right? You put two zeros, it's a hundred. Cientos? 342 00:23:01,339 --> 00:23:10,339 put three zeros, it's a thousand. What's that, mil? And then, what do you say, dis mil? 343 00:23:10,339 --> 00:23:21,339 Ten thousand. Okay, then you do six zeros, that's a million. How do you say nine zeros? 344 00:23:21,339 --> 00:23:22,339 We say a billion. 345 00:23:22,519 --> 00:23:23,559 We say a thousand million. 346 00:23:24,440 --> 00:23:24,819 A million. 347 00:23:26,160 --> 00:23:27,259 Nine zeros. 348 00:23:27,420 --> 00:23:28,200 A thousand million. 349 00:23:28,519 --> 00:23:29,039 A million. 350 00:23:30,279 --> 00:23:30,839 A million. 351 00:23:31,740 --> 00:23:32,160 A million. 352 00:23:32,339 --> 00:23:32,640 Okay. 353 00:23:33,279 --> 00:23:37,180 Now, imagine 22 zeros. 354 00:23:37,700 --> 00:23:38,460 Then they do it. 355 00:23:38,599 --> 00:23:39,119 Yeah. 356 00:23:43,759 --> 00:23:45,539 Oh, it makes my head hurt. 357 00:23:46,380 --> 00:23:46,980 Okay. 358 00:23:48,559 --> 00:23:50,339 So, there's some real big numbers. 359 00:23:50,339 --> 00:23:54,539 I should get back to the, have we heard from in outer space? 360 00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:57,359 Does anyone know Jocelyn Bell? 361 00:23:58,579 --> 00:24:00,759 She's famous in the astronomer community. 362 00:24:01,400 --> 00:24:05,660 Okay, we've got young ladies here, okay? 363 00:24:05,759 --> 00:24:06,960 It's not just astronomers. 364 00:24:07,779 --> 00:24:09,299 Astronomers aren't all men like me. 365 00:24:10,019 --> 00:24:14,799 About 1960, about 30 years ago, there was a woman named Jocelyn Bell, 366 00:24:15,619 --> 00:24:17,920 and she was listening with her radio telescope, 367 00:24:17,920 --> 00:24:22,539 And she heard, peep, peep, peep, peep. 368 00:24:23,779 --> 00:24:25,339 And they said, what is that? 369 00:24:26,119 --> 00:24:28,579 Maybe it's little green men sending us a message. 370 00:24:28,740 --> 00:24:29,880 And everyone got excited. 371 00:24:30,660 --> 00:24:32,880 And they thought about it and thought about it. 372 00:24:33,480 --> 00:24:35,920 And they wondered if they discovered things. 373 00:24:35,980 --> 00:24:38,700 And it turns out it wasn't other creatures. 374 00:24:38,839 --> 00:24:39,559 It wasn't aliens. 375 00:24:39,640 --> 00:24:40,380 It was a lighthouse. 376 00:24:41,380 --> 00:24:43,160 There are certain things called pulsars. 377 00:24:43,740 --> 00:24:44,980 And like a, how do you say lighthouse? 378 00:24:45,259 --> 00:24:45,660 Farrow? 379 00:24:46,660 --> 00:24:47,180 Farrow. 380 00:24:47,180 --> 00:24:54,799 Like a lighthouse, it swings around, and every time it comes around, it goes beep, beep. 381 00:24:56,059 --> 00:24:58,680 So that's one of the famous lady astronomers. 382 00:24:59,339 --> 00:25:01,480 Hubble, have you ever heard of Hubble Telescope? 383 00:25:02,539 --> 00:25:05,430 Okay, a few people. 384 00:25:05,549 --> 00:25:06,589 That's a famous telescope. 385 00:25:08,349 --> 00:25:13,309 He used the work of a woman named Henrietta Leavitt. 386 00:25:13,309 --> 00:25:19,309 She discovered a special kind of star that helped study the universe and figure out that it was expanding. 387 00:25:19,309 --> 00:25:24,309 So there's lots of women that have done important things in astronomy, too. 388 00:25:24,309 --> 00:25:28,140 Other questions? 389 00:25:42,990 --> 00:25:47,990 I'm liking Saturn. I like the rings. I think they're really pretty. 390 00:25:49,990 --> 00:25:51,990 How about you? What's your favorite? 391 00:25:51,990 --> 00:25:53,990 Neptune. 392 00:25:53,990 --> 00:26:00,609 Neptune. Okay. I remember when I first started, we'd only had pictures of Neptune from Earth. 393 00:26:01,369 --> 00:26:06,130 And then we sent a spaceship called Voyager there. And for the first time ever, we got 394 00:26:06,130 --> 00:26:12,609 a good picture of Neptune. Real beautiful blue. And we were surprised because we saw 395 00:26:12,609 --> 00:26:17,369 storms there. We thought it was so cold everything would be frozen. So what we learned is when 396 00:26:17,369 --> 00:26:22,349 we go to new places like Neptune, every time we go there, we discover new things. So don't 397 00:26:22,349 --> 00:26:27,349 Don't worry, if you become an astronomer, there's going to be plenty of things to discover. 398 00:26:27,349 --> 00:26:31,349 Most of the universe, we don't know what it is yet. 399 00:26:31,349 --> 00:26:45,539 We see things and it's only just a small amount of the whole universe. 400 00:26:45,539 --> 00:26:47,539 Do you have a question? 401 00:26:47,539 --> 00:26:48,539 Me! 402 00:26:48,539 --> 00:26:49,539 Yeah? 403 00:26:49,539 --> 00:26:56,779 How far is the distance? 404 00:26:56,779 --> 00:26:58,779 The distance from Earth to what? 405 00:26:58,779 --> 00:27:00,779 To Titan. 406 00:27:00,779 --> 00:27:02,779 To Titan. 407 00:27:02,779 --> 00:27:07,279 It takes several hours at the speed of light. 408 00:27:08,240 --> 00:27:10,019 It takes one second to get to the moon. 409 00:27:10,500 --> 00:27:10,839 Boom. 410 00:27:11,180 --> 00:27:13,319 In one second, you're at the moon at the speed of light. 411 00:27:13,859 --> 00:27:16,980 It takes a spaceship about five years to get there. 412 00:27:18,599 --> 00:27:20,119 So really far. 413 00:27:20,859 --> 00:27:22,579 Even going way, way faster. 414 00:27:24,119 --> 00:27:35,079 How about some of the adults? 415 00:27:51,750 --> 00:28:01,430 Can you talk a little bit about how space plays a role? 416 00:28:01,430 --> 00:28:03,430 Okay, space is an important astronomy. 417 00:28:03,430 --> 00:28:05,430 We're talking to spaceships. 418 00:28:05,430 --> 00:28:09,430 Imagine you have your big ear here that's listening to the spaceship. 419 00:28:09,430 --> 00:28:12,430 But what does the Earth do? 420 00:28:12,430 --> 00:28:14,430 It turns, right? 421 00:28:14,430 --> 00:28:20,430 So if you guys are the spaceship and I'm the ear, I can hear you. 422 00:28:20,430 --> 00:28:24,470 But then when I turn around to the other side and turn away, I can't hear you. 423 00:28:25,410 --> 00:28:31,549 So we have three places with these big ears so that at any time of day, 424 00:28:31,630 --> 00:28:33,569 one of them can be talking with the spaceship. 425 00:28:34,170 --> 00:28:38,230 And one of those, just outside Madrid, I passed by this morning, 426 00:28:38,450 --> 00:28:40,289 a place called Rubledo de Chavala. 427 00:28:40,730 --> 00:28:41,970 Does anyone know where that is? 428 00:28:43,069 --> 00:28:47,529 It's out past Permanente, El Escorial, past there. 429 00:28:48,170 --> 00:28:50,190 And we have several of these, actually. 430 00:28:50,430 --> 00:28:52,569 and there's about 30 or 40 431 00:28:52,569 --> 00:28:54,289 spaceships that we talk to 432 00:28:54,289 --> 00:28:56,569 and I come about once a year to work 433 00:28:56,569 --> 00:28:58,509 with people there because I'm off 434 00:28:58,509 --> 00:29:00,529 in California and it's far away 435 00:29:00,529 --> 00:29:02,450 and we need to talk and work on 436 00:29:02,450 --> 00:29:04,609 things together. So there are a lot of people 437 00:29:04,609 --> 00:29:06,450 doing this kind of work right here in 438 00:29:06,450 --> 00:29:08,450 Spain. Also down in 439 00:29:08,450 --> 00:29:10,369 Granada, there's a big telescope 440 00:29:10,369 --> 00:29:12,470 in Canary Islands. Anybody been to Canary 441 00:29:12,470 --> 00:29:14,329 Islands? Okay. 442 00:29:15,430 --> 00:29:16,329 One of the biggest 443 00:29:16,329 --> 00:29:18,369 telescopes in the world is in Canary Islands. 444 00:29:18,369 --> 00:29:20,410 It's a very famous telescope. 445 00:29:20,430 --> 00:29:24,430 And then there's some up in the mountains at Pico de Vuelta. 446 00:29:24,430 --> 00:29:28,430 So lots of astronomy going on in Spain. 447 00:29:43,220 --> 00:29:47,220 Does your brother or sister work in NASA, I think? 448 00:29:47,220 --> 00:29:51,220 Do they work with you? Your brother or sister? Oh, no, no, no. 449 00:29:51,220 --> 00:29:55,220 My sister helps immigrants with legal 450 00:29:55,220 --> 00:29:59,220 problems. The other one's a psychologist, and my brother's 451 00:29:59,220 --> 00:30:06,039 a different kind of engineer. He makes motors. So I'm the only one in the family. So there's 452 00:30:06,039 --> 00:30:08,039 four of us in my family. 453 00:30:08,039 --> 00:30:16,250 How many times does it take to make a rocket? 454 00:30:16,250 --> 00:30:23,250 How much time to make a rocket? In several years. It's very expensive. How high can you 455 00:30:23,250 --> 00:30:30,250 jump? Gravity keeps pulling us back down. So it takes a big, big push to get outside 456 00:30:30,250 --> 00:30:35,190 Earth's gravity. That's why it takes a big rocket and it takes a long time. If you're 457 00:30:35,190 --> 00:30:38,450 just going around the Earth, it's not too bad. But if you want to pull away from the 458 00:30:38,450 --> 00:30:47,710 Earth and go to Mars or Lennon, it takes a lot of energy. How many people live in the 459 00:30:47,710 --> 00:31:00,710 Maybe seven or eight billion? I haven't kept count recently. Yeah, nine zeros, yeah. 460 00:31:00,710 --> 00:31:08,710 Have I been on a rocket? No, I haven't. I've been in an airplane. That's as close as I've gotten. 461 00:31:08,710 --> 00:31:11,710 But maybe by the time you grow up you'll be able to go on rockets. 462 00:31:11,710 --> 00:31:18,710 They're working on making them easier for regular people to go on. 463 00:31:18,710 --> 00:31:30,119 So when do you think a man will step up to Mars? 464 00:31:30,119 --> 00:31:32,119 On Mars? When will we go to Mars? 465 00:31:32,119 --> 00:31:37,119 You know, the strange thing is I think the rocket part is the easy part. 466 00:31:37,119 --> 00:31:39,119 We need good doctors. 467 00:31:39,119 --> 00:31:43,119 It turns out that the Earth has a big magnetic field. 468 00:31:43,119 --> 00:31:47,220 Have you ever seen space shows where they talk about, put up the shields, Captain? 469 00:31:47,799 --> 00:31:52,799 Well, the Earth has a shield, a magnetic field that shields us from radiation. 470 00:31:53,619 --> 00:31:56,799 But once you go out to Mars, you get away from that, and you're not protected. 471 00:31:57,799 --> 00:31:59,640 And so radiation would be a big problem. 472 00:32:00,019 --> 00:32:02,380 The other thing is, what happens if you don't exercise? 473 00:32:03,460 --> 00:32:04,900 Your muscles get weak, right? 474 00:32:05,720 --> 00:32:08,140 Do they have the term couch potato here? 475 00:32:10,890 --> 00:32:11,329 No? 476 00:32:11,329 --> 00:32:14,869 Okay, we have this phrase, couch potato. 477 00:32:15,410 --> 00:32:18,789 If you don't exercise, you're like a potato sitting on the couch. 478 00:32:20,230 --> 00:32:21,470 And you get soft. 479 00:32:22,109 --> 00:32:26,529 And in space, right now my legs are pushing against gravity to stand up. 480 00:32:26,630 --> 00:32:29,089 So they're working even if I'm not running. 481 00:32:30,230 --> 00:32:34,769 And so in space you don't fight against gravity, so your muscles get very weak. 482 00:32:34,829 --> 00:32:36,730 So you have to figure out ways to exercise. 483 00:32:37,509 --> 00:32:39,210 What if you get sick in outer space? 484 00:32:39,309 --> 00:32:41,190 You know, you can't go to a doctor. 485 00:32:41,329 --> 00:32:44,170 So it's the medical problems that I think are the most difficult. 486 00:32:44,609 --> 00:32:49,569 They're doing things now like having astronauts stay in special rooms for a long time 487 00:32:49,569 --> 00:32:51,549 without going outside to see what happens. 488 00:32:52,250 --> 00:32:54,230 You also have to learn to get along with your neighbor. 489 00:32:54,769 --> 00:32:58,369 Because you're in this very small room, and you have to stay there. 490 00:32:58,450 --> 00:33:00,950 It takes about six to nine months to get to Mars. 491 00:33:01,769 --> 00:33:03,369 So it's kind of interesting. 492 00:33:03,509 --> 00:33:06,190 It's not the rocket problems that are the most difficult. 493 00:33:07,289 --> 00:33:10,269 Getting supplies there is perhaps difficult. 494 00:33:10,269 --> 00:33:15,269 If we can find water on Mars, then we won't have to bring as much stuff along. 495 00:33:15,269 --> 00:33:20,269 It probably won't happen, at least for another 15 years, if it does. 496 00:33:20,269 --> 00:33:32,730 What is your favorite part about space, or about your job? 497 00:33:32,730 --> 00:33:35,730 Oh, those are different questions. 498 00:33:35,730 --> 00:33:40,730 My job is to take two big telescopes like this and synchronize them 499 00:33:40,730 --> 00:33:44,730 to work as a virtual telescope the size of the world. 500 00:33:44,730 --> 00:33:49,329 We connect Spain and California, and it makes a telescope 8,000 kilometers. 501 00:33:50,069 --> 00:33:53,890 So I really like working with people and getting our projects to work together. 502 00:33:53,890 --> 00:33:56,910 I get to visit all kinds of interesting places like Spain. 503 00:33:57,390 --> 00:33:59,970 It's just fascinating that that all works. 504 00:34:01,150 --> 00:34:02,730 I do like black holes. 505 00:34:03,750 --> 00:34:09,329 And it turns out that the hole itself is black, but because it's pulling in all this stuff, 506 00:34:09,949 --> 00:34:12,550 it actually is the brightest part of the galaxy. 507 00:34:12,550 --> 00:34:17,090 because all this stuff gets churned up 508 00:34:17,090 --> 00:34:18,269 and it makes this beam, 509 00:34:18,730 --> 00:34:21,670 this beam of energy that goes near the speed of light. 510 00:34:23,230 --> 00:34:26,369 So it's kind of a little bit of an ironic thing 511 00:34:26,369 --> 00:34:29,030 that the dark spot generates the light. 512 00:34:29,730 --> 00:34:30,690 A good question, right? 513 00:34:32,369 --> 00:34:32,710 Yeah? 514 00:34:32,710 --> 00:34:38,389 What did you study to work in the NASA? 515 00:34:39,230 --> 00:34:40,230 What did I study? 516 00:34:40,230 --> 00:34:45,630 Okay, here's a good question for all of you. 517 00:34:46,690 --> 00:34:49,050 Math and science are really important. 518 00:34:50,309 --> 00:34:52,630 And one thing that I didn't expect, my parents said, 519 00:34:53,050 --> 00:34:54,469 take English and study hard. 520 00:34:54,570 --> 00:34:55,849 Does any of your parents say that? 521 00:34:58,269 --> 00:35:00,769 Because once you learn your math and science 522 00:35:00,769 --> 00:35:01,829 and you make your discoveries, 523 00:35:01,969 --> 00:35:03,449 you have to be able to tell somebody. 524 00:35:03,989 --> 00:35:05,929 It doesn't do any good if you can't figure out 525 00:35:05,929 --> 00:35:08,469 how to write your report or give your presentation. 526 00:35:09,210 --> 00:35:12,730 So learning to speak well and to write is really important. 527 00:35:13,269 --> 00:35:15,130 I'm happy to see you guys learning English. 528 00:35:15,590 --> 00:35:17,590 Maybe you can help me learn some more Spanish sometime. 529 00:35:19,110 --> 00:35:21,250 But yeah, communication is really important. 530 00:35:21,869 --> 00:35:23,110 And then teamwork, I mentioned. 531 00:35:23,889 --> 00:35:28,230 So even if you're on a football team and you learn to work together, 532 00:35:28,230 --> 00:35:32,050 that's an important skill for when you get out in the working world. 533 00:35:38,309 --> 00:35:41,679 Is what very difficult? 534 00:35:42,500 --> 00:35:47,880 I want to go up here to make a rocket. 535 00:35:47,880 --> 00:35:53,880 Oh, yeah, yeah. It takes thousands of people working together to make a rocket. 536 00:35:53,880 --> 00:36:01,880 You have the cone and you have special chemicals and they sit in different chambers and when they come together they explode. 537 00:36:01,880 --> 00:36:04,880 So you have to make sure they don't get into the wrong place. 538 00:36:04,880 --> 00:36:11,880 We had one explode on the way to Mars several years ago because there was a little leak and things got out. 539 00:36:11,880 --> 00:36:14,880 So it's very tricky, you have to be very careful. 540 00:36:26,590 --> 00:36:28,590 Okay, one more. 541 00:36:28,590 --> 00:36:34,590 What is it that people is in the south and this one don't go to the space? 542 00:36:34,590 --> 00:36:36,590 Say that again. 543 00:36:36,590 --> 00:36:44,590 What is it that people of the south, of the north, you don't go to the space? 544 00:36:44,590 --> 00:36:48,590 Do people from the South or the North go to space? 545 00:36:48,590 --> 00:36:52,590 There's astronauts from all over the world, is that what you mean? 546 00:36:52,590 --> 00:36:56,590 The people of the South 547 00:36:56,590 --> 00:37:00,590 East 548 00:37:00,590 --> 00:37:04,590 Which people of the South? From where? 549 00:37:04,590 --> 00:37:08,590 South of what? South of Spain? South of the Earth? 550 00:37:08,590 --> 00:37:12,590 South of the Earth? Africa, Australia 551 00:37:12,590 --> 00:37:21,929 places like that yeah we have astronauts from many different countries that go 552 00:37:21,929 --> 00:37:36,559 into space in fact you know people have heard of NASA but Europe has its own 553 00:37:36,559 --> 00:37:42,980 space agency called ESA European Space Agency and the Japanese have one called 554 00:37:42,980 --> 00:37:51,079 Japanese Space Agency, JAXA, and India has many countries, and in fact we help each other. 555 00:37:51,079 --> 00:37:59,360 Just past Uruguay to Chabla is a satellite dish called Sombreros with the European Space Agency, 556 00:37:59,360 --> 00:38:04,820 and we work together to help each other. If we need extra help, if it's a really busy day, 557 00:38:04,820 --> 00:38:09,559 we'll help them or they'll help us. So yeah, countries all over the world work together. 558 00:38:09,559 --> 00:38:16,579 other I was just in South Africa and I work with Australia so lots of people in 559 00:38:16,579 --> 00:38:20,480 the South South for those important we need more help in the South I've started 560 00:38:20,480 --> 00:38:27,679 to work in Argentina so several different countries in the south 561 00:38:27,679 --> 00:38:35,199 Can you build a present for you? 562 00:38:35,199 --> 00:38:36,199 Oh, thank you. 563 00:38:36,199 --> 00:38:48,730 Church, so they can get a picture. 564 00:38:48,730 --> 00:39:59,679 Last week, and I did one part, and I put my poem here, 565 00:39:59,679 --> 00:40:03,679 and the person working with me had a piece of the poem, 566 00:40:03,679 --> 00:40:05,679 and it was this one. 567 00:40:05,679 --> 00:40:06,679 Oh, wow. 568 00:40:06,679 --> 00:40:07,679 I don't know how you do. 569 00:40:07,679 --> 00:40:13,960 How are you guys? 570 00:40:13,960 --> 00:40:16,960 Can you turn the lights down for one second? 571 00:40:16,960 --> 00:40:24,960 I'm learning Spanish, and so I took little pieces of poems from a poet named Abraham Frome. 572 00:40:24,960 --> 00:40:28,960 Can you see that in the back? I don't know. 573 00:40:28,960 --> 00:40:32,960 Whoever can see, help me out. 574 00:40:32,960 --> 00:40:45,039 Estrellas, señas, ojos, mis ojos, carnaval, luz, suave, valentía, 575 00:40:45,039 --> 00:41:31,539 de mi corazón, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma, de mi alma