1 00:00:02,350 --> 00:00:05,870 Hello, this is Alicia, your Geography and History teacher. 2 00:00:06,429 --> 00:00:10,890 In this video, we are going to review together the most important aspects of Islam, 3 00:00:11,150 --> 00:00:13,349 included in the unit, the Middle Ages. 4 00:00:14,310 --> 00:00:17,309 First of all, how did Islam emerge and expand? 5 00:00:17,750 --> 00:00:22,550 Well, we need to remember that around 1.5 billion people in the world are Muslims. 6 00:00:23,030 --> 00:00:25,370 That's almost a quarter of the world's population. 7 00:00:26,050 --> 00:00:27,710 The numbers are growing each year. 8 00:00:27,710 --> 00:00:34,490 It's important to take into account that the word Islam refers to the religion and the word Muslim to the person. 9 00:00:35,429 --> 00:00:41,409 Islam is one of the world's three great monotheistic religions, along with Judaism and Christianity. 10 00:00:42,270 --> 00:00:45,670 Islam will have many influences from these religions. 11 00:00:47,009 --> 00:00:51,369 Islam is born in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century with Muhammad. 12 00:00:52,149 --> 00:00:55,990 However, how was the Arabian Peninsula before Muhammad? 13 00:00:55,990 --> 00:01:03,090 In the 7th century, the Arabian Peninsula was located between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire. 14 00:01:03,869 --> 00:01:07,530 It was an important connecting point between the East and the West. 15 00:01:08,109 --> 00:01:13,209 Most Arabians were traders or nomadic herders, polytheistic and lived in small tribes. 16 00:01:13,609 --> 00:01:15,010 Mecca was the biggest city. 17 00:01:16,129 --> 00:01:18,189 Everything will change with Muhammad. 18 00:01:18,650 --> 00:01:21,290 Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570. 19 00:01:21,290 --> 00:01:28,290 In 610, Muhammad receives the revelation of Archangel Gabriel in Mount Hira. 20 00:01:28,290 --> 00:01:32,290 He becomes the prophet of a new religion and starts preaching Islam. 21 00:01:32,290 --> 00:01:35,290 He believes in the only God of Allah. 22 00:01:35,290 --> 00:01:38,290 His message was rejected by merchants from Mecca. 23 00:01:38,290 --> 00:01:42,290 He then fled from Mecca to Medina in 622. 24 00:01:42,290 --> 00:01:47,290 This event, called the Hiraj, marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. 25 00:01:47,290 --> 00:01:52,530 After perverting the inhabitants of Medina, he raised an army and conquered Mecca. 26 00:01:53,230 --> 00:01:57,709 By the time he died, in 632, most Arabians were Muslims. 27 00:01:59,310 --> 00:02:00,489 What do Muslims believe? 28 00:02:01,090 --> 00:02:05,530 Well, the revelations of Allah are recorded in the Quran, the sacred book. 29 00:02:06,450 --> 00:02:10,909 Islam has five pillars that every Muslim has to practice. 30 00:02:11,810 --> 00:02:13,750 1. Profess the faith. 31 00:02:13,750 --> 00:02:19,250 2. Pray facing Mecca five times a day and attend mosque on Fridays. 32 00:02:19,250 --> 00:02:24,750 3. Fast during the day during Ramadan, the ninth lunar month. 33 00:02:24,750 --> 00:02:27,250 4. Give alms to the poor. 34 00:02:27,250 --> 00:02:33,250 5. If possible, go on pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a life. 35 00:02:33,250 --> 00:02:37,560 Mosques are buildings where Muslims pray. 36 00:02:37,560 --> 00:02:41,560 They are also a meeting point and a place to study the Qur'an. 37 00:02:41,560 --> 00:02:55,400 It has different parts, the minaret, the qibla wall, the mihrab, the minbar, the haram or 38 00:02:55,400 --> 00:03:02,319 the prayer hall, the sand or the patio and the ablutions fountain. 39 00:03:02,319 --> 00:03:09,039 Well, thank you so much for watching the video, if you have any questions please don't hesitate 40 00:03:09,039 --> 00:03:11,719 asking me on Google Classroom or in class. 41 00:03:11,719 --> 00:03:12,219 See you!