1 00:00:00,690 --> 00:00:10,410 He was the second of eight surviving children born to Carlo Bonaparte, a lawyer, and Letizia Romalino Bonaparte. 2 00:00:10,730 --> 00:00:18,210 Although his parents were members of the minor Corsican nobility, the family was not wealthy. 3 00:00:19,129 --> 00:00:27,570 The year before Napoleon's birth, France acquired Corsica from the city-state of Genoa, Italy. 4 00:00:28,570 --> 00:00:33,310 Napoleon later adopted a French spilling on his last name. 5 00:00:35,990 --> 00:00:41,369 And now we are going to start with the first stage of his government, the consulate. 6 00:00:44,350 --> 00:00:48,630 Napoleon became first consul in 1799. 7 00:00:49,689 --> 00:00:54,329 A new constitution gave home the powers of a dictator. 8 00:00:55,210 --> 00:00:59,030 In 1802, he became consul for life. 9 00:00:59,030 --> 00:01:10,329 Although Napoleon's arrival in power marked the end of French Revolution, some reformers consolidated changes of the revolutionary period. 10 00:01:10,329 --> 00:01:21,030 The constitution of 1800 of the new political system did not include the separation of powers or a declaration of rights. 11 00:01:21,870 --> 00:01:28,750 Liberties were limited and censorship was imposed to control public opinion. 12 00:01:29,030 --> 00:01:36,609 He introduced some socially positive reforms like the creation of state schools. 13 00:01:36,609 --> 00:01:46,310 He established a commercial code to stimulate the economy and exiles could return back if they accepted the new government. 14 00:01:47,189 --> 00:01:58,829 He signed the Concordat of 1801 that maintained state control over the church and confiscated church lands were not returned. 15 00:01:59,790 --> 00:02:04,549 However, the clergy was allowed to resume religious worship. 16 00:02:07,439 --> 00:02:12,000 Here you have an interesting text that explains the Napoleons' ideology. 17 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:16,439 It talks about the necessities of France after the revolution. 18 00:02:16,939 --> 00:02:18,259 Take a look into it. 19 00:02:21,349 --> 00:02:22,909 The Napoleonic Empire 20 00:02:22,909 --> 00:02:29,770 In 1804, Napoleon proclaimed himself Emperor of the French, 21 00:02:29,770 --> 00:02:37,009 Under the Pax Expansionist policy, France was constantly at war with other countries. 22 00:02:37,889 --> 00:02:44,430 Although he was defeated by the British at sea in the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, 23 00:02:45,030 --> 00:02:50,210 Napoleon conquered many parts of the European continent in only a few years. 24 00:02:50,949 --> 00:02:56,650 He won notable victories against the Austrians in the Battle of Austerlitz 25 00:02:56,650 --> 00:03:00,030 and against the Prussians in the Battle of Giena. 26 00:03:01,090 --> 00:03:04,849 Britain was now France's main enemy, 27 00:03:04,849 --> 00:03:11,250 and the continental blockade was an attempt to stop British trade in Europe. 28 00:03:12,009 --> 00:03:17,270 The Portuguese did not accept this, so Napoleon invaded Portugal. 29 00:03:17,969 --> 00:03:25,310 He also occupied Spain, which led to the Spanish War of Independence that began in 1800. 30 00:03:25,310 --> 00:03:37,310 A turning point in the war came in 1812 when Napoleon's forces unsuccessfully invaded Russia. 31 00:03:39,210 --> 00:03:41,069 Why was Napoleon defeated? 32 00:03:41,069 --> 00:03:47,090 It is almost impossible to deal with every factor that led to Napoleon's defeat. 33 00:03:47,729 --> 00:03:50,469 The main causes may be identified, however. 34 00:03:51,250 --> 00:03:54,629 The loss in the Battle of Waterloo is going to be decisive. 35 00:03:55,310 --> 00:04:03,590 The situation of continuous war pressed Napoleon to renounce, so he was exiled into the island of Elba at first. 36 00:04:03,729 --> 00:04:12,849 In France, it was restored the absolutism under the king Louis XVIII that produced the rejection of society, 37 00:04:13,189 --> 00:04:18,089 so he came back to government for a flash of 100 days. 38 00:04:20,699 --> 00:04:27,740 After the impossibility of this situation, he was again exiled on the island of St. Helena, where he died. 39 00:04:28,819 --> 00:04:36,079 You have two proposals of activities in the previous slide, so read them and we will check it in class next day. 40 00:04:37,259 --> 00:04:43,100 Thanks for listening and if you have any questions, please don't hesitate to text me. 41 00:04:43,519 --> 00:04:44,439 Have a nice weekend!