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Hello, good morning. How are you today?

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Okay, today I'm going to make a very fast summary of the population unit.

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Okay, you remember this is the last unit we did in social science before the classes were over.

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Okay, so let's review. What is population?

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Population is the study of the people that live in a country, in a country or in a particular area.

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Okay, how is data obtained?

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do you remember we have the municipal register which is the place where your

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parents go when you are born okay they have to register you when you're a baby

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and you're born they have to register you with a paper that the doctors have

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given to your mother when she gave birth to you and then your name is inscribed

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You're registered as a person in this country. Then all the data of the

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different municipal registers of the country go to the national census, which

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is a list where all the people in the country is listed. Well, how is

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population classified? There are many ways of classifying population. First we

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have the age do you remember the age groups you can be children from 0 to 12

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maybe or to 15 to 12 and then we have the teenagers it depends on what you

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want to measure okay then we have the youngs or the adults adults 22 I don't

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know 64 and the older people okay so depending on the age and there are these

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different groups or you can group it in another way if you want to classify the

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babies apart from the children whatever okay but this is the age the gender you

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can classify the people whether they are male which are boys and men or female

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for girls and women okay and then there are many other types for example the

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religion what is then the religion of people if they are catholic if they are muslim if they don't

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have any religion if they are jews what is the place of residence do you remember that if you

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live in the countryside if you live in the city there are many ways of classifying people

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population but the most important ones i think are age and then gender and then we can classify

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the place of residence or other different things okay what are the changes in population this is

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important. How can a population change? How can a population increase or decrease? What

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are your ideas? What do you remember? Do you remember about the birth rate? The birth rate

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is the number of children that are born in a big group of people. I think it was in one

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hundred and one thousand people. And then we have the death rate, so how many people

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die in also the same number of... in a thousand people, imagine the death rate.

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So if we have... if the birth rate is higher than the death rate, then we have an increase

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in population.

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Okay, this is the normal increase or decrease of population.

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If there are more births than deaths, of course the population increases.

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Okay, let's think about more... this is like natural growth of population and this is natural

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decrease of population. Let's think about more things that can happen so that the

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population can increase. For example, if we have an improvement

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in medical conditions and we can have access to medicines, to

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hospitals, then we have an increase in the population. What can be a

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decrease and sadly we are witnessing it now for example we have a pandemic okay we have a disease

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and many people dies then we have a decreasing population okay so do you remember about the

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fertility rate it's not to be confused with the birth rate then do you remember we calculated the

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fertility rate of of your family and of the class the fertility rate is the average number let's

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Let's write it here with another color.

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Fertility rate,

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fertility rate

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is the average number of children

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per woman in a group of people, okay?

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Can be calculated in a country, in a city,

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in a small group or in a bigger group, okay?

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If the fertility rate of a country, let's write FR, fertility rate of a country, is more than 2, then the population increases.

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If the fertility rate is lower, less than 2, then the population decreases, because there are not enough children to substitute, so to say, the parents, the two parents.

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Let's have a look at the special features of population of Spain and Europe, because they are very similar.

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Both in Spain and in Europe we have a low fertility rate.

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Do you remember that in Spain the fertility rate was about 1.3 children per woman?

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Do you remember that? It's an average. It doesn't mean that a woman has a baby and a part of another baby.

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Both in Spain and in Europe there is a high life expectancy.

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Do you remember about that? The life expectancy is the years a person is expected to live in a country.

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The life expectancy is very, very close related to the medical conditions and improvements.

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If you have access to good health conditions, hospitals and medicines, you are likely to live more.

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So in a developed country, this is very typical.

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High life expectancy and low fertility rate. What does it mean?

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it means that the population is decreasing, okay? Because the fertility rate is low and people live

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longer. They live longer, so we have an aging population, a population who is getting older

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and older, and there are not so many new newborn kids. Okay, and also in Spain and Europe,

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the population is concentrated in cities and towns, not so many people in the countryside,

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We tend to live in cities or towns.

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And in Spain, especially, the population is concentrated in the coast.

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So that's all for now. You can see that my pen works now. I'm happy.

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See you later! Bye bye!