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In the modern world, our social coexistence is organized in nations, countries that are governed by the state.

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What is the state?

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The state is the institution that exercises power in a certain territory, in the territory of a nation, of a country.

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For example, the Spanish state is the institution that controls and exercises power in Spain.

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The state needs to be powerful in order to provide services for the citizens, for example schools, hospitals, etc.

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But it is also dangerous when the state is too powerful because it can have the temptation of violating people's rights and freedoms.

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This is something that frequently happened in the past.

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For example, during totalitarian regimes like Nazism or Stalinism that invaded people's privacy and didn't respect people's rights.

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In order to prevent that from happening again, the International Declaration of Human Rights establishes a lot of civil rights.

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What are civil rights?

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Civil rights are the limits that the International Declaration of Human Rights sets what the state can do.

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There are certain things that nobody can ever do to you, not even the state.

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Some things that are forbidden, and these things that are forbidden grant that you can be free.

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So these freedoms are your civil rights.

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Let's see an example.

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As you know, one of the most important human rights

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is the right to life.

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The right to life means that nobody can kill you.

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Nobody, no matter what happens.

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This means that not even the government,

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not even the state can kill you, no matter what you did.

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So your right to life comes from a limit

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to what the government can do to you.

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Other civil rights, the right to free movement.

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You can go wherever you want,

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meaning that nobody can stop you from going anywhere, not even the government.

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Or the right to free marriage.

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You can marry freely the person you are in love with

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without anyone stopping you from doing that, not even the state.

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The right to private property.

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Nobody can stop you from having your own things.

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Or the right to free expression and free conscience.

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Please beware that these are two different rights.

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The right to free conscience means that you can think whatever you want.

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You can have your own ideas, you can have your own religion, you can have your own political orientation.

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And nobody can stop you from practicing your religion, for example, not even the government.

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The right to free speech is different.

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It's the right to freely express your ideas, to communicate what you think to other people,

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for example, writing in newspapers or using social networks.

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These important freedoms, these important liberties, include also the right to a nationality.

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This might seem unimportant at first, but in fact it is very relevant.

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The right to have a nationality is very, very relevant,

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because if you don't have a nationality, there is no country, there is no state that can protect your rights.

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So if anyone violates you, you have no instance to go to to defend your rights.

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Freedoms are also important in political rights.

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Political rights are those rights that protect our participation in society.

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They include, for example, the freedom to meet other people and create your associations or political parties, for example, to protest in the streets, in a demonstration.

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and the right to vote and to live in a democracy.