1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:12,859 Hello! I'm not going to be in class today and tomorrow, but we still need to do some things and we need to finish Unit 3 of English. 2 00:00:13,460 --> 00:00:25,000 So my idea is that today you are going to learn with me the second point of grammar and tomorrow you are going to practice with Claudia. 3 00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:33,539 okay so today the two sessions will be devoted to teaching grammar to English and tomorrow the 4 00:00:33,539 --> 00:00:39,399 first session that we have you will do some science revision that I will explain tomorrow 5 00:00:39,399 --> 00:00:46,619 and after the break remember that we have two sessions so both of them will be for English 6 00:00:46,619 --> 00:00:52,560 and you will be working with Claudia what are we going to learn today in English we are going to 7 00:00:52,560 --> 00:01:03,799 learn how to express functions what is a function let me make myself smaller yeah a function is like 8 00:01:03,799 --> 00:01:11,000 an objective that i have when i speak so for example when i say something maybe it is a command 9 00:01:11,000 --> 00:01:20,379 a command is when i order you to do something for example open your books for example sit down 10 00:01:20,379 --> 00:01:25,219 For example, calm down when you are overexcited. 11 00:01:25,819 --> 00:01:31,019 What's another function that I can have if I am speaking in English? 12 00:01:31,579 --> 00:01:33,420 It could be a request. 13 00:01:34,420 --> 00:01:38,959 A request is when I ask you politely to do something. 14 00:01:39,700 --> 00:01:41,799 Would you close the door for me, please? 15 00:01:42,099 --> 00:01:43,719 Would you give me that exam? 16 00:01:45,400 --> 00:01:47,340 Another one would be a suggestion. 17 00:01:47,340 --> 00:01:52,640 do you remember the other day when we were studying natural science we were doing the 18 00:01:52,640 --> 00:02:02,519 photocopy and I said I would study this photocopy for tomorrow for the exam I would revise activity 19 00:02:02,519 --> 00:02:10,360 two and then Darius Motok who is very intelligent said teacher I think that activity two is gonna 20 00:02:10,360 --> 00:02:19,060 in the exam tomorrow and it was why because I suggested that you studied the activity I said 21 00:02:19,060 --> 00:02:27,080 I would study this activity at home and another example of another function is to ask for permission 22 00:02:27,080 --> 00:02:34,840 teacher can I go to the toilet so these are easy functions that we already know and today we are 23 00:02:34,840 --> 00:02:42,740 going to learn some new ones these new functions some of them we already know them and some of 24 00:02:42,740 --> 00:02:51,300 them are new are ability, ability in the past, to ask for permission, possibility, certainty, 25 00:02:51,960 --> 00:02:59,319 request, imaginary situations, and suggestions. Some of them I already explained them, right? 26 00:03:00,939 --> 00:03:13,110 Okay, let's talk about ability. To express ability is to express if an animal is able to do 27 00:03:13,110 --> 00:03:22,129 something I can say. Eagles can fly. Whales can swim. Now, in groups, in your white words, 28 00:03:22,750 --> 00:03:34,909 write a sentence expressing ability. Okay, I suppose you stopped the video and you told the 29 00:03:34,909 --> 00:03:40,509 teacher your sentence is expressing ability, right? If you didn't do so, stop the video 30 00:03:40,509 --> 00:03:49,889 and then we continue let's continue do you remember that last year in fourth grade you 31 00:03:49,889 --> 00:03:57,490 studied prehistoric animals in order to talk about the prehistoric animals you expressed 32 00:03:57,490 --> 00:04:08,810 abilities but in the past so instead of saying eagles can fly you said dodos could fly right 33 00:04:08,810 --> 00:04:13,530 or saber-toothed tigers could run very fast. 34 00:04:14,270 --> 00:04:19,550 Now, in your whiteboards, express an ability in the past. 35 00:04:20,009 --> 00:04:22,629 Remember that last year you also studied 36 00:04:22,629 --> 00:04:28,730 I could read when I was six years old. 37 00:04:28,730 --> 00:04:30,269 That is another possibility. 38 00:04:30,870 --> 00:04:32,230 Now, write your own example. 39 00:04:37,430 --> 00:04:41,470 Okay, so now that we have practiced ability and ability in the past, 40 00:04:41,470 --> 00:04:49,209 you knew those two, right? We can also use language to ask for permission and you do that 41 00:04:49,209 --> 00:04:56,449 a lot. And there are different ways of asking for permission. For example, can I go to the toilet? 42 00:04:57,350 --> 00:05:06,470 Right? For example, could I borrow a book when you go to the library? Or for example, may I come in? 43 00:05:06,470 --> 00:05:11,410 All of them are used to ask for permission to do something. 44 00:05:12,370 --> 00:05:18,629 So we have different verbs that can be used in order to do that. 45 00:05:19,370 --> 00:05:25,250 Now write just one example that you think is easy for you to ask for permission. 46 00:05:32,129 --> 00:05:35,170 Okay, this one was also easy, right? 47 00:05:36,110 --> 00:05:45,990 Now, let's talk about possibility and the other one, maybe you don't know it, is certainty. 48 00:05:46,769 --> 00:05:48,930 Those are two different functions. 49 00:05:49,310 --> 00:05:50,490 And what's the difference? 50 00:05:51,250 --> 00:05:56,790 Possibility is when something can happen or something cannot happen. 51 00:05:56,790 --> 00:06:02,490 For example, in Christmas, you can bake cookies. 52 00:06:02,850 --> 00:06:04,529 That is one possibility, right? 53 00:06:04,529 --> 00:06:12,970 You can go to the park, you can sing songs, you can eat grapes on New Year's Eve. 54 00:06:13,470 --> 00:06:18,250 Those are possibilities, different options that you can do at Christmas. 55 00:06:19,029 --> 00:06:24,149 Now, certainty is when something is going to happen for sure. 56 00:06:24,810 --> 00:06:30,509 For example, next Monday we will take the English exam. 57 00:06:30,509 --> 00:06:39,509 On Thursday, people who didn't present the natural project last week will present their projects. 58 00:06:40,149 --> 00:06:41,250 That is for sure. 59 00:06:41,509 --> 00:06:46,449 So, people who didn't present the natural project last week, be ready. 60 00:06:46,689 --> 00:06:49,569 On Thursday, you will present your projects. 61 00:06:50,449 --> 00:06:51,430 Do you see the difference? 62 00:06:52,009 --> 00:06:54,490 At Christmas, we can bake cookies. 63 00:06:55,389 --> 00:06:58,910 On Monday, we will take the exam. 64 00:06:58,910 --> 00:07:10,050 Now you need to write two sentences, one to express a possibility and another one to express certainty, something that you are sure about. 65 00:07:14,279 --> 00:07:22,360 Good. Maybe you didn't know the word certainty, but you already know how to use will and can, right? 66 00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:31,180 Let's go to the next one. A request. A request is when I want to get something from someone. 67 00:07:31,180 --> 00:07:43,660 I want something for example one would be can I borrow your pencil yes that means that I want 68 00:07:43,660 --> 00:07:50,540 your pencil can I borrow your pencil another one if we want to be more polite would be could you 69 00:07:50,540 --> 00:08:00,639 give me the salt that would be another type of request more polite can or could right now write 70 00:08:00,639 --> 00:08:14,629 one example of a request. Think if you want it to be more formal or more informal. Okay this one 71 00:08:14,629 --> 00:08:23,069 you use it a lot. It is when we want to talk about imaginary situations. So for example 72 00:08:23,069 --> 00:08:32,129 if I had holidays right now I would go to Hawaii, right? Or if I could get an animal, 73 00:08:32,129 --> 00:08:40,970 an imaginary animal I would get a unicorn I would go to Hawaii I would get a unicorn 74 00:08:40,970 --> 00:08:48,809 those are functions that we want to talk that we want to use when we talk about something that is 75 00:08:48,809 --> 00:09:00,549 not real for example another example would be I would buy five cars if I was 76 00:09:00,549 --> 00:09:06,929 millionaire. That would be another example, right? So I just want you to write the imaginary 77 00:09:06,929 --> 00:09:16,029 situation. I would buy five cars. I would get a unicorn. I would go to Hawaii. Write your own 78 00:09:16,029 --> 00:09:29,679 example in groups. And this one is totally new for you. It's in order to make a suggestion. Like 79 00:09:29,679 --> 00:09:33,679 I want to do something and I would like you to do it with me. 80 00:09:34,220 --> 00:09:37,139 So, I can say, shall we watch TV? 81 00:09:38,039 --> 00:09:42,899 That means that I would like you to watch TV with me. 82 00:09:43,899 --> 00:09:44,899 Shall we sing? 83 00:09:45,600 --> 00:09:46,700 That would be another option. 84 00:09:48,179 --> 00:09:50,879 The word that I am using is shall, right? 85 00:09:51,039 --> 00:09:52,360 This one is new for you. 86 00:09:52,659 --> 00:09:55,360 S-H-A-L-L. 87 00:09:55,360 --> 00:10:06,220 so please write your own example of a suggestion using shall again shall we watch tv or shall we 88 00:10:06,220 --> 00:10:16,980 sing are two examples okay now the teacher is going to pass out the photocopies and we are 89 00:10:16,980 --> 00:10:23,919 going to do the first activity as we explained we use different words to express different things 90 00:10:23,919 --> 00:10:32,159 right different functions because we always have an objective when we talk so the functions that 91 00:10:32,159 --> 00:10:38,600 we have studied that we have practiced our ability ability in the past possibility an imaginary 92 00:10:38,600 --> 00:10:48,799 situation our request to ask for permission and offer a suggestion uncertainty i want you to write 93 00:10:48,799 --> 00:10:59,200 these words and next to the these sentences and say which function is expressed in each sentence 94 00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:04,379 we are going to work in groups and when you finish you are going to correct with the teacher 95 00:11:04,379 --> 00:11:14,730 using the following slide okay so now we are going to the following slide to see the corrections 96 00:11:14,730 --> 00:11:24,889 I can run very fast that is an ability right I can do it I am able to do it I could walk when 97 00:11:24,889 --> 00:11:31,909 I was three years old that is an ability in the past if I want to ask for permission I raise my 98 00:11:31,909 --> 00:11:39,250 hand and I say can I ask a question that is what we normally say in class but there are more 99 00:11:39,250 --> 00:11:48,289 formal more formal ways of saying that of asking for permission I also can say may I ask a question 100 00:11:48,289 --> 00:11:56,049 or could I ask a question you can use those two may and could to ask for permission as well 101 00:11:56,049 --> 00:12:04,389 then when we want to talk about possibility we said that we can use we can bake cookies at 102 00:12:04,389 --> 00:12:10,850 christmas right that is one possibility that is actually a possibility that is it is very likely 103 00:12:10,850 --> 00:12:23,029 very possible that it happens for example it can rain right but we can also use three other modal 104 00:12:23,029 --> 00:12:32,309 verbs it might rain on saturday it may rain on saturday and it could rain on saturday that means 105 00:12:32,309 --> 00:12:43,889 that it is one possibility but not for sure, right? It can happen, it cannot. But if we 106 00:12:43,889 --> 00:12:53,909 say it will rain on Saturday, it means that we already saw the forecast and 100% it will 107 00:12:53,909 --> 00:13:02,919 rain, okay? Take your raincoats, take your umbrellas, it will rain. Number 10, shall 108 00:13:02,919 --> 00:13:07,639 we go to the cinema remember an offer and a suggestion you would like to go to the cinema 109 00:13:07,639 --> 00:13:13,340 and you would like that person to go with you finally our request 110 00:13:13,340 --> 00:13:20,960 would you close the window would you close the windows the window please that is a request and 111 00:13:20,960 --> 00:13:27,299 we can also use would to talk about imaginary situations i would love to have a unicorn 112 00:13:27,299 --> 00:13:44,620 So, these words that we are using, can, could, may, might, will, shall and would, are what we call the modal verbs. 113 00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:49,559 The modal verbs are helping verbs that express different meanings. 114 00:13:49,559 --> 00:14:02,340 For example, it could rain on Saturday and it will rain on Saturday is almost the same sentence, but they have different meanings. 115 00:14:02,840 --> 00:14:08,639 It could rain on Saturday. It could. It couldn't. We don't know. 116 00:14:09,120 --> 00:14:13,379 It will rain on Saturday. It is sure that it will rain. 117 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:17,799 So just that word changes the meaning of the sentence. 118 00:14:18,679 --> 00:14:24,860 One very important thing about the modal verbs is that after the modal verb, we use the infinitive. 119 00:14:25,940 --> 00:14:28,059 We don't need to change the verb. 120 00:14:28,299 --> 00:14:30,759 So that makes it very easy to study. 121 00:14:30,759 --> 00:14:35,679 For example, we don't say it may rains, right? 122 00:14:35,799 --> 00:14:40,419 Or we don't say I could walked in the past. 123 00:14:40,899 --> 00:14:44,820 Always after the modal verb, we use the infinitive. 124 00:14:44,820 --> 00:14:51,139 Run, walk, ask, rain, go, close, unlock. 125 00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:52,840 The infinitive verb. 126 00:14:56,440 --> 00:15:02,480 So after practicing the modal verbs, I want you to do the second activity. 127 00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:05,419 And we are going to complete the table. 128 00:15:05,980 --> 00:15:13,639 So what I want you to do is to write in the function of ability all the modal verbs, right? 129 00:15:13,639 --> 00:15:21,799 in this case just one that we use to express ability. In possibility we go 130 00:15:21,799 --> 00:15:28,279 back to the previous activity and we see the modal verbs that we can use to 131 00:15:28,279 --> 00:15:35,299 express possibility and we are going to write them down. I am gonna give you some 132 00:15:35,299 --> 00:15:40,039 minutes and when you are ready you go to the following slide. You continue with the 133 00:15:40,039 --> 00:15:51,649 video okay so these are the answers you can see that these are not the only 134 00:15:51,649 --> 00:16:01,070 modal verbs that we can use for example for a request we can also use can you 135 00:16:01,070 --> 00:16:07,870 can say would you close the door will you close the door or can you close the 136 00:16:07,870 --> 00:16:15,309 door so this table doesn't mean that these are the only modal verbs that are 137 00:16:15,309 --> 00:16:20,889 used to express these functions but these are the ones that we are 138 00:16:20,889 --> 00:16:27,049 going to study this unit we don't need to memorize them we just need to get 139 00:16:27,049 --> 00:16:35,830 used to them so you already know how to use can could will and would so we are 140 00:16:35,830 --> 00:16:45,309 going to focus on may might and shall which are the kind of new ones okay so 141 00:16:45,309 --> 00:16:52,870 now what you are going to do is to go to the activity book language practice 2 in 142 00:16:52,870 --> 00:16:59,769 unit 3 that is page 33 and you are going to do the activities 1 and 2 I am going 143 00:16:59,769 --> 00:17:04,269 to upload this video to the web so you can watch it at home as well and 144 00:17:04,269 --> 00:17:09,049 And remember that at the end of the student's book, you always have the grammar explained. 145 00:17:10,130 --> 00:17:12,049 Language practice 2, unit 3. 146 00:17:12,569 --> 00:17:16,170 So now you are going to do the activities in groups and you will correct with the teacher. 147 00:17:18,529 --> 00:17:27,890 If we finish everything and we have extra time, you are going to write in your notebooks one sentence for each function. 148 00:17:28,069 --> 00:17:35,309 So one sentence to express ability, one to express ability in the past, one to express possibility. 149 00:17:35,309 --> 00:17:38,829 so you can choose between may, might, could or can 150 00:17:38,829 --> 00:17:43,769 and so on using all the functions. 151 00:17:46,059 --> 00:17:49,140 When you finish, make sure that you use capital letters, 152 00:17:49,599 --> 00:17:51,559 periods and that the spelling is correct. 153 00:17:52,240 --> 00:17:56,000 And if you finish everything, help your group. 154 00:17:57,480 --> 00:17:58,079 Bye!