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Hello, today we are going to program a new circuit. It's similar to the ones we have

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already programmed. We will use the protoboard, the Arduino board, and we are going to use

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three LEDs. So we click and drag, click and drag, and click and drag.

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And we are going to connect them in a similar way we have connected them before.

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We use a black wire here, because it's connected to the ground, this is the ground, and we are going to use the three protection resistors.

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Remember that the protection resistor, the three of them, every protection resistor is going to be 220 ohms, not kilo ohms, ohms.

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and again with another protection resistor again 220 ohms and again with

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the third one here 220 ohms okay and this LEDs the three of them are going to

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connected to 13, 12 and 11. Ok, so these three LEDs are going to be our output and

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now the different part because we are going to use these switches. We are going

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to use two switches because we are going to use two digital inputs. We are going

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to use 10. I'm going to use an orange wire. Why orange? Just because. And the same orange

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here. And remember that we are going to connect, we need a pull-down resistor. You remember

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when we have, when we used the single button, it was 10 kilo ohms. The pull-down resistor

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was a 10 kilo ohms one. And again, a 10 kilo ohms one here. And here, I'm sorry, this one

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is going to be here, and this one is going to be here. And 10 kilo ohms, both of them.

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Okay. And we also need a 5 volts connector. We take it here, 5 volts, and I'm going to

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connected here, and this one is going to be red. And I need

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a red connection here. I mean red because it's not

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black, right? Because I want five volts here

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and the same with this one. I made

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a mistake. This one has to be connected here. Can you see the difference? And the same with

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this one. Right. Sometimes we make mistakes

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connecting wires, and that's why sometimes the circuits

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don't work this is not nothing related to the programming is related is because we have we

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haven't connected the wires properly so here instead of having the usual button i have two

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switches why two switches because i'm going to manipulate them this way when i press one of them

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i have a single pointer pointer if i want to press the other one i cannot be pressing by both

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positions at the same time. So, that's why I'm going to use a switch. A switch has, remember,

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we studied the switch in the classroom. The switch, I mean, switches have two permanent

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states on and off. That's why we need two switches instead of two buttons because if

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we use a button, the moment we finish pressing, the connection is closed, okay? So, that's

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That's why we are using two switches.

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You will understand it better later in the simulation.

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So this switch is connected the same way the button has been connected.

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Now there is no connection between this point and this point, okay, can you see this position?

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So here this wire is connected to ground through the pull-down resistor.

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The moment there is a connection between this wire and this wire, I have five volts here

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and five volts will be red here in the connector 10,

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and the same for number nine, okay?

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Now, the simulation.

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What do I want to do?

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I want to simulate the circuit this way.

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I'm going to, first of all,

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I'm going to program it step by step.

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The first thing I need are two variables.

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I'm going to name them input nine and input 10.

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Why? Because we are reading two inputs, from 9 and from 10.

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The second variable will be input 10.

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For the moment, I haven't said anything about the behavior of the circuit.

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I'm going to explain it while I'm programming it.

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Don't worry if you don't understand because I haven't said anything.

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So, the first thing we are going to do is reading number 9 and number 10.

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We have Entraje, Ler, Pasador, Digital.

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So we are going to read 9 and we are going to read 10

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because they are the ones we are reading, 9 and 10.

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And we are going to use these readings to define input 9

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and to define input 10.

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It means we are reading these two connectors and we are storing their values into variables.

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Remember that the variables are like boxes and we can store values inside them.

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Here we are going to store high or low depending if the switch is on or off.

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So, now, the behavior. What do I want?

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Well, first of all, I need an if.

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Remember the si?

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There are four possibilities.

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The two switches on, the two switches off,

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the first one off and the second one on,

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and the first one off and the second one on, or vice versa.

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Anyway, I want, I need two ifs.

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Si, si entonces.

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And there are four possibilities.

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And to compare, remember that we already know

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this one equals

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in the previous exercises we have used this one equal

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and equal. I need two of them because here I'm going to use

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the and connector. I'm going to make it smaller to make it a little bit easier

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because there are two possibilities. First possibility

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number nine, low. Let's have a look here

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no, low and another possibility is

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number 10 low. And if 9 is low and 10 is low, to combine both of them, I'm going to use the

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i, the ant in English. Can you see that I'm combining them? So here the condition is if 9 is low

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and 9 is low, something will happen. I click and drag. So I'm using this condition. Instead of

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Instead of using one single condition, we are combining two conditions using the AND, okay?

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This is the purpose of this exercise, combining two different conditions.

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That's why we have two different inputs.

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What do I want if both of them are off?

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I don't know.

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Whatever you want.

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So we are considering that if both of them are low, 13, 12, 11 are low.

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It's really easy.

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We use three blocks, like, oh, I'm sorry, I made a mistake, be careful when you are moving and dragging the blocks, so if 9 and 10 are low, I will decide that 13, 12, and 11, the three of them are low.

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Why? Just because. Just because I want.

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Okay. What else? Anyway, I'm going to remove

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these three ones and I'm going to copy because it's easier this way. Duplicate.

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What happens if 9 is high

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and 10 is low? I don't know. What do we

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want? For instance, we want that 13 is high. Why not?

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13. If we press this one, this one will be high.

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Why not? Okay, this is the second possibility. What happens if 9 is low and 10 is high?

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So it means that if we are pressing this one or if this one is on, for example, I want this one is

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is high. Why not? So this one is 11, 11 high. Okay. Why? Just because I am programming it

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this way. And what happens if the two of them, 9 and 10, are high? Okay. Just because we

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want, we can program a blinking. So we are going to program a blink the way we know it.

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Now we use await, and now I'm going to duplicate this part of the code. Baja, low, low, and

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low. Do you agree that if both of them are low, sorry, low and low, if both of them are

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low, if 9 and 10 are low, this is a blinking program. Okay. So realize that there are four

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if blocks, four if parts, because we have the four possibilities. Low and low, low and

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high, high and low, and high and high. And for every possibility, I have a different

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behavior. Okay. Let's see if it works the way we have programmed it. Okay. Okay. Both of them are

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off. The three lights are off, as expected. If this one is... I made a mistake. I don't know.

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Ah, where's the mistake? Again, a problem with the wires. There is no ground connection.

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be careful with the grounds black can you see that now that the three resistors are connected

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to ground now i'm i am closing the circuit now everything will work let's start again

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okay okay okay again there is a problem with the connections

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Where's the problem? Ah no, there's no problem

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because it's according to the program. If the three of them

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are low, if the two of them are low, there is a blink

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It makes sense. If, oh I'm sorry, if the two

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of them are high, this is, no

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I made a mistake. I made a mistake with the program

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I want to check it again. Alta, baja, baja. And it's the last part of this alta, alta, okay?

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Alta, alta. If both of them are high, we want a blink. If both of them are low, alta, alta, baja, baja, alta, alta, baja, baja.

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They are low, alta, alta, it's a blink, okay?

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It's important that when you program, you check the behavior with your programming.

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It's not a big problem making mistakes. Now, the two of them are low.

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Baja, baja. Nothing happens. They are low. If I press this one,

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this one is 10. Alta.

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Two of them are high. I'm going to modify it just because I want to. I want to

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to consider that just 11 is low, is high and mean. Can you see the difference now? Okay,

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let's start the simulation again. Both of them are off, nothing happens. If I press

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this one, this one is shining, perfect, according to the program. If just this one is on, this

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one is shining, perfect, according to the program. And what happens if the two of them

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are high, the blinking program. So the program works, the circuit behaves according to the

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programming. We have made some mistakes, but this is not a big problem, it's not a big issue,

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because we can check, we can compare, we program with the behavior, the same way that when you

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simulate the circuit, you can check the behavior with your program, with the way you have connected

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or the way you have connected everything, okay? So this is the circuit, okay? I repeat the behavior.

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If nothing is connected, nothing happens. If one of them is connected, this one is shining.

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If the other one is connected, this other one is shining. And if both of them are connected,

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there is a blink. The three of them, the three LEDs are blinking, okay? So the important thing

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is realizing that there are four possibilities baja baja low low high low low high and high high

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okay check the four possibilities don't make the same mistake i made and compare with the

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compare the four possibilities the four behaviors okay

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it's not it's not difficult okay so this is the exercise for today good luck