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Hello! In this video we are going to see and study the traffic levels in ecology.

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So as you have already studied in this unit and for sure you did the

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first task, you know that the ecosystems are formed by several parts.

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So, for example, it is formed by living things, organisms, such as animals or plants, but are formed also by the biotope, which is the environmental conditions, but also the soil, okay?

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So, then this is the biotope and this is the biosynosis, okay?

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so now we are going to see that biosynostics might be divided in different trophic levels

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what is a trophic level trophic levels as your book says is a group of organisms which share

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the same kind of food okay so during this classification we can discern three different

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trophic levels. Producers, consumers and decomposers and mineralizers.

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All these different trophic levels might be divided

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into another categories. For example, producers which are autotrophic

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organisms might be photosynthesizers or chemosynthesizers. Consumers which are

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Our heterotrophic organisms might be primary consumers, secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers.

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The primary consumers, due to their herbivores, they feed from producers that are mainly, for example, mainly plants.

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The secondary consumers might be some of this extensive list, or tertiary consumers.

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okay but secondary and tertiary consumers are more or less the same so the primary consumers

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feed from the producers secondary feed from primary and tertiary feed from secondary or even

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primary okay and finally we have the decompositional mineralizer which are also

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So heterotrophic organisms, okay, that decompose the organic matter once the producer or the consumer has just died, okay?

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Remember, this is very, very important, that an autotrophic organism is the one that converts inorganic matter into organic nutrient, okay?

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Or into organic matter.

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The heterotrophic organisms convert organic matter into another type of organic matter.

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The same that, well, and, sorry, and decomposer are the kind of heterotrophic organisms that take organic matter and convert them into inorganic matter.

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Yeah?

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This is very important.

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let's see in detail the producers okay when we talk about photosynthesis you know that we are

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talking about organisms that carry out photosynthesis okay we are talking about plants

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what are chemosynthesizers? chemosynthesizers among other organisms are mainly bacteria okay

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Yeah, we're going to study now the basic chemical reactions related with energy and ecology.

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Okay, so focus firstly in these producers, in photosynthesizers and chemosynthesizers.

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If you think about photosynthesis, yeah, this is the photosynthesis reaction

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in which you fix the plants mainly plants but also another organism such as algae

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can take carbon dioxide from the environment yeah plus water and convert this inorganic matter

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into glucose the organic matter and release oxygen okay that is the reason by which now

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as you know in on earth we have oxygen in our atmosphere photosynthesizers can do that

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because they can use the light as the energy shares okay they use the sunlight

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for producing this reaction this is photosynthesis so every photosynthesizer carry out this

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this reaction. What about chemosynthesizers? It's more or less the

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same with some variation in the reactions. The

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chemosynthesizers are much more diverse than photosynthesizers in terms of

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chemical reactions and mainly the difference are this kind of molecule

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this molecule from which they take the the electrons for obtaining the final

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organic matter yeah in the case of chemosynthesizers one example of

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chemosynthesizing are the ones that consume and these this compound of a

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sulfur okay and the other difference regarding chemosynthesizers and related

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to photosynthesis is the molecule that they use for obtaining energy in case of

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photosynthesis for example this energy might be obtained from oxygen or nitrate

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which is another another chemical compound with nitrogen okay another

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basic chemical reaction created with energy is this one I'm sure that you

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remember this important reaction which is called cellular respiration in the

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cellular respiration the organism take glucose yeah and with the with the with

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by adding sorry by adding oxygen they can produce energy yeah they release

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energy producing water and carbon dioxide so if you think in a plan that

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carry out both photosynthesis and respiration, cellular respiration, you can

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see why plants can eat without... can produce their own food, okay, and

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their own energy without need it without need it without need sorry any other

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organism okay because if you think about this reaction yeah they can they take

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this carbon dioxide and water producing glucose and oxygen and after that this

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glucose and this oxygen might be used in cellular respiration obtaining water and

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carbon dioxide and releasing this energy okay remember that the cellular respiration takes

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place in the mitochondria okay why a plant or another organism needs this energy need this

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energy just to build or for building structures such as leaves hair or another cells for growing

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okay? So you eat mainly for obtaining energy through the cellular respiration for growing,

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okay? Finally, I would like you to know that producers are essential in every ecosystem

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and we are going to study why. You have to know that consumers, as you know,

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consumers and the composer are heterotrophic, okay? As we have said just some slides before.

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so this means that they need another sorry they need other organisms to obtain energy okay

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however produces can produce its own fruit this means that only produces put energy into the

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system this is very important so producers can take this of the solar energy yeah producing

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producing organic matter, producing energy, and this energy is used by, for example, plants

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for building new structures such as leaves.

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After that, the primary consumers, for example herbivores, take these leaves, taking the

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energy for them.

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So that is the reason by which an ecosystem without producers is going to disappear.

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Okay, so this is the end of this presentation, if you have any other questions just write

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me an email.