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During the first millennium before Christ, Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians from the Mediterranean landed on the coast of the Iberian Peninsula, because they were interested in its mineral wealth.

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They founded colonies such as Gadea, Cadiz, founded by the Phoenicians,

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Rhodes, Rosas, and Emporion, Empurias, by the Greeks,

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and Carthago Nova, Cartagena, by the Carthaginians.

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On the other side, Rome, a city on the Italian peninsula,

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was founded in the 8th century before Christ.

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In Rome, Patricians were the richest people in the city.

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They owned the land and governed the city.

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The rest of the inhabitants of Rome, the plebeians, devoted themselves mainly to agriculture, crafts and trade.

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The Romans built up a very powerful army that conquered lands around the Mediterranean.

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As a result, Rome became very rich and strong, so the empire was ruled by an emperor who held all the power.

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In 218 B.C., the Roman army, led by Scipio, landed at Emporion Ampurias, a Greek colony, and began their conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Emperor August was involved in the conquest, which lasted for about 200 years.

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The Iberian peoples either made pacts with the Romans or put up little resistance.

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However, the Celts area was not easy to conquer. It took a long time.

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The Iberian peninsula was called Hispania by the Romans and it was divided into five

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mainland provinces Galicia, Tarraconensis, Carthaginensis, Lusitania and Baetica plus

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Balearica which was made up of the Balearic islands.

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The Romans built different cities in Spain and created many new communication routes.

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One of the main roads was the Via Augusta, which ran along the Mediterranean coast to

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Cadiz.

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To build these roads, first they outlined the road, then they dug a ditch, after that

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They put a layer of small stones, then a layer of sand, and finally they put over a large paving stones.

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But why did the Romans want to conquer the Iberian Peninsula?

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They had four main reasons.

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The first reason was to defeat the Carthaginians, who were their main rivals in the Mediterranean.

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A second reason was to conquer a territory with abundant minerals and agricultural products.

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But it was also important to obtain new lands.

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And finally, to control a strategic territory for trade in the Mediterranean and also in the Atlantic.

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To be continued with the legacy that the Romans left us and living in a Hispanic Roman city, how people live there.