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This is the last grammar
topic of the year.

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It's about some special
structures in the language.

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The first one is about be, get, used to.

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Okay?

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Have a look at these
pictures and examples.

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I used to exercise, but I'm fine now.

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What does this mean?

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Well, it means that you already know

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that in the past that person
used to do exercise.

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There was a routine
that no longer happens.

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We
use used to plus bare infinitive to talk

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about things that happened in the past
but no longer happen in the present.

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However, in the example below,

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we have this guy saying,
I'm used to working out every day.

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So what does that mean?

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For that person, this is
a routine now in the present.

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Then we have another guy saying,
I used to live in the city.

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Now I'm getting used
to living in the countryside.

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And we see two pictures,

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one of Madrid in the past and one
of a village in the present.

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So again, this person is saying that he

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had the routine or the habit
of living in the city.

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That's why he's using used
to plus bare infinitive.

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And in the other example,
it's probably a new change.

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It's something that is
becoming normal for him.

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That's why he says, I'm getting used to

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living in the countryside
instead of saying just be used to.

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Okay?

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So to sum up, we have three
different constructions.

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The first one is used
to plus bare infinitive.

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And we use it when we want to say

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that something happened
in the past but no longer happens

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in the present, such as I used to live
in the city, or I used to go to school.

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You could even say that now.

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The second construction,
be used to plus noun phrase or gerund

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is used to say that something is normal,
not unusual, such as I'm used to working

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out every day, or now you could
say I'm used to learning online.

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And the third construction is

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get used to plus noun phrase or gerund
say that something is in the process

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of becoming normal, such as I'm getting
used to living in the countryside.

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Okay?

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So these are the three
constructions with used to.

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The second construction we're going to

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talk about is
related to expressing preferences.

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And we have two different ways.

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The first one is with would rather,

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and we can say would rather plus
bare infinitive, plus than,

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plus base form, or bare infinitive plus
than plus base form or bare infinite.

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Bare infinite and base form
are the same thing.

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So, for example, I'd rather teach
my students than work in an office.

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Or if you want to talk about two different

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people at the same time, would rather
plus subject plus past simple.

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I'd rather my students
didn't use translators.

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Be careful with this.

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If you want to talk about a second person,
you need to use past simple.

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The other construction is with the verb

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prefer, and you can say prefer plus noun
or gerund plus two, plus noun or gerund.

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So I prefer basketball to football,

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or I prefer playing basketball
to playing football.

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There is another option which is would
prefer or just prefer plus to-infinitive.

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For example, I would prefer
to travel by plane this time.

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Prefer plus to-infinitive, is usually used

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when we want to talk about
a specific occasion.

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Okay?

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Like, today I prefer to travel by train,
but in general I prefer traveling by bus.

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Okay?

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So when you want to talk about a general
preference, you use Prefer plus gerund.

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And when you want to talk about

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a preference on a specific occasion,
you use Prefer plus to-infinitive

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the third construction
is to express advice.

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Okay?
And it's the construction with had better,

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had better plus bare infinitive to express
advice in a more informal way.

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So it's very similar to should
but a little bit more informal.

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So you'd better get here on time.

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You should get here on time.

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You'd better get here on time.

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The last construction we're going to talk
about is used to express emphasis.

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The first one is it's time
for plus object plus to-infinitive.

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And we use it to say that the time
has come to do something.

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For example, it's time
for you to come home.

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It's time for you to do this.

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It's the moment for you to do this.

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It's time for you to come home.

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And the other construction,

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it's high or about time
plus subject plus past simple.

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In this case,

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this construction is used to emphasize or
to complain that something should be done.

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Okay?
So it's about time you came home.

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Okay?

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This person here is somehow complaining
about something that should have happened.

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Okay?