1 00:00:00,500 --> 00:00:19,980 So today we're explaining the present perfect. The present perfect is another grammar tense like the present simple, the past simple, the past continuous. Remember, we have already learned all of them and we are able to use them in any type of message. 2 00:00:19,980 --> 00:00:30,920 okay but it depends okay it depends on the moment that we are talking which one it's better is much 3 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:39,340 is more advisable to use okay if i if i'm talking about the present remember i have the present 4 00:00:39,340 --> 00:00:46,979 simple the present continuous but if i want to talk about a routine that i do every week 5 00:00:46,979 --> 00:00:53,420 and using the present simple if I want to talk about something that I'm doing right now in that 6 00:00:53,420 --> 00:01:00,759 moment I have to use the present continuous if I want to talk about something from the last summer 7 00:01:00,759 --> 00:01:10,859 I have to use the past simple okay so depending on the moment depending on the time I'm using 8 00:01:10,859 --> 00:01:21,079 one grammar tense or another different okay so today we are lucky and we are learning a new 9 00:01:21,079 --> 00:01:31,200 grammar tense this present perfect this tense is a bit tricky as it says present but we don't 10 00:01:31,200 --> 00:01:39,620 exactly use it when we want to talk about the present okay let's see we use it to talk about 11 00:01:39,620 --> 00:01:48,840 something that happened in the past but a short time ago. Lo utilizamos para hablar de algo que ha 12 00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:57,579 ocurrido en el pasado pero en un pasado muy muy muy reciente, ¿vale? Normalmente algo que nos acaba de 13 00:01:57,579 --> 00:02:20,919 So imagine you are in a restaurant and at the beginning you are eating some snacks and minutes later the waiter approaches your table with the main dish. 14 00:02:20,919 --> 00:02:27,060 se aproxima el camarero con el plato principal. ¿Qué acabáis de hacer? ¿Qué justo, qué ha ocurrido 15 00:02:27,060 --> 00:02:34,340 justo antes de que el camarero os haya llevado el plato principal? Que os habéis comido los snacks. 16 00:02:34,340 --> 00:02:45,759 ¿De acuerdo? So you can say we have eaten the snacks. ¿Lo veis? Es algo que ha ocurrido en el pasado 17 00:02:45,759 --> 00:02:57,340 porque ya lo he hecho, pero realmente ha ocurrido hace muy, muy poco tiempo, o muy poco tiempo atrás, ¿sí? 18 00:02:57,819 --> 00:03:09,699 So, in order to create sentences with the present perfect, I need again this time another friend, ¿ok? 19 00:03:09,699 --> 00:03:18,400 you are starting to have a lot of friends okay if we can call the auxiliary verbs our friends 20 00:03:18,400 --> 00:03:27,699 this time we are using the auxiliary verb to have okay and we can conjugate it as have or has 21 00:03:27,699 --> 00:03:38,900 it depends on the subject that we have before for example if I want to use have I can use it with I 22 00:03:39,699 --> 00:03:56,900 with you, with we, or with they, okay? Whereas, if I want to use has, I can only use it with the third person, he, she, it, okay? 23 00:03:56,900 --> 00:04:11,770 so depending on the subject I will use one form of the auxiliary verb to have or another perfect 24 00:04:11,770 --> 00:04:25,990 the second rule to do well this grammar tense it's that after the auxiliary verb I always have 25 00:04:25,990 --> 00:04:33,189 to use a main verb like in the other grammar tenses that we have learned so 26 00:04:33,189 --> 00:04:39,189 far como en el resto de tiempos verbales que llevan auxiliar que hemos aprendido 27 00:04:39,189 --> 00:04:46,949 a lo largo del curso in this case we need the verb the main verb in the past 28 00:04:46,949 --> 00:04:53,790 participle remember I told you at the beginning that we are using something 29 00:04:53,790 --> 00:04:59,889 that you have already learned in the course in the school year as we need the 30 00:04:59,889 --> 00:05:06,689 verse from the third column necesitamos los verbos de la tercera columna cuando 31 00:05:06,689 --> 00:05:13,550 son irregulares de acuerdo esos verbos son los del past participle 32 00:05:13,550 --> 00:05:31,949 For example, a third column would be drive, drove, driven, eat, ate, eaten, drink, drank, drunk, go, went, gone, ¿de acuerdo? 33 00:05:31,949 --> 00:05:35,949 Eso serían los verbos de tercera columna. 34 00:05:37,329 --> 00:05:42,209 Remember that those verbs are irregular verbs. 35 00:05:43,110 --> 00:05:47,209 We also have a group of verbs that are regular. 36 00:05:47,550 --> 00:05:50,089 It means that they follow some rules. 37 00:05:50,810 --> 00:05:52,050 No estoy leyendo el chat, chicos. 38 00:05:52,449 --> 00:05:56,709 Si estáis diciendo algo, no estoy viendo la pantalla de Meet. 39 00:05:57,069 --> 00:06:00,110 Por lo tanto, que alguien interrumpa y que me diga por micro, ¿vale? 40 00:06:00,110 --> 00:06:26,389 So remember, this is the case. 41 00:06:26,389 --> 00:06:26,970 ¿Qué están diciendo? 42 00:06:27,410 --> 00:06:27,769 ¿Perdón? 43 00:06:28,709 --> 00:06:29,990 ¿Qué están diciendo por el chat? 44 00:06:30,110 --> 00:06:32,110 that the class goes like 45 00:06:32,189 --> 00:06:36,310 delayed that you speak and then you are listened to half an hour after what you put 46 00:06:37,550 --> 00:06:44,310 Well, I don't know why that can happen because I'm not connected to the good network but it happens with all or only with some 47 00:06:45,829 --> 00:06:48,189 It is that the problem of my internet alone 48 00:06:48,949 --> 00:06:51,990 to me it does not happen to me if it happens 49 00:06:52,990 --> 00:06:54,990 to me too 50 00:06:55,750 --> 00:06:57,509 I do not 51 00:06:57,509 --> 00:07:00,509 Mateo, are you in your room or in the living room? 52 00:07:00,509 --> 00:07:03,509 In the room, in my room. 53 00:07:03,509 --> 00:07:10,509 In your room, we already said the other day that the internet was going pretty bad because we also saw you cut in half. 54 00:07:10,509 --> 00:07:13,509 So maybe it's because of your connection problems. 55 00:07:13,509 --> 00:07:22,509 If you see that you have a lot of problems, leave if you want and since I'm going to send you this recorded, you can review it with the video. 56 00:07:22,509 --> 00:07:25,509 And if you have any questions, write me or ask me what you need. 57 00:07:25,509 --> 00:07:33,769 okay okay let's continue so i was remembering the group of the irregular verbs the one from 58 00:07:33,769 --> 00:07:40,050 the list that you had to study but we also have another group of verbs that are called 59 00:07:40,050 --> 00:07:50,029 regular verbs your favorite verb which is play right do you remember play even though you are 60 00:07:50,029 --> 00:07:57,009 not using so much this verb lately because you are not supposed to go to the streets but play 61 00:07:57,009 --> 00:08:06,750 the second column in play would be played with ed and the third column for play would be played 62 00:08:06,750 --> 00:08:15,550 with ed okay in regular verbs the past simple is exactly like the past participle 63 00:08:15,550 --> 00:08:25,209 En los verbos regulares les ponemos ED y me quedo más ancho que Pancho, ¿de acuerdo? Les pongo ED y fuera, ¿de acuerdo? 64 00:08:25,470 --> 00:08:37,629 El problema lo tengo con los irregulares, que los irregulares yo los tengo que aprender de memoria, porque de lo contrario no los voy a saber ya que nos siguen unas reglas. 65 00:08:38,029 --> 00:08:42,730 Pero los regulares siguen las reglas y simplemente les pongo ED y los tendría. 66 00:08:42,730 --> 00:08:51,389 another regular verb would be talk okay in order to have talked in the past 67 00:08:51,389 --> 00:09:05,879 participle I have to add e d okay is it clear I'm gonna move to the chat yes yes 68 00:09:05,879 --> 00:09:25,159 Nora? The others? Leo? Is it clear? Anás? Aurora? Lucía? Yes. Okay, so remember the 69 00:09:25,159 --> 00:09:33,919 auxiliary verb to have, okay? It can be have or has depending on the subject. 70 00:09:33,919 --> 00:09:41,919 next to the auxiliary verb the main verb if we have a regular verb we have to 71 00:09:41,919 --> 00:09:47,779 add ed to the verb if we have an irregular verb I have to use the verb 72 00:09:47,779 --> 00:09:56,250 from the third column. ¿Hasta ahí claro? Espero que sí. Esto de momento es sencillo. 73 00:09:56,250 --> 00:10:02,629 ¿De acuerdo? Bien, so let's continue to the different 74 00:10:02,629 --> 00:10:10,350 type of sentences that I can do with the present perfect. As in the other tenses, I can write 75 00:10:10,350 --> 00:10:21,470 sentences in affirmative, in negative, or in interrogative. As I told you before, I included 76 00:10:21,470 --> 00:10:27,750 here the structure, so the structure for the affirmative, I have to start writing my sentence 77 00:10:27,750 --> 00:10:37,509 with a subject like in Spanish Pedro Juan nosotros vosotros he we you they my friends 78 00:10:37,509 --> 00:10:45,889 my dad my dog okay next to the subject I have to use have or has remember depending on the 79 00:10:45,889 --> 00:11:05,509 I will use have or has Pedro has my friends they have I have okay next to 80 00:11:05,509 --> 00:11:12,049 the auxiliary verb I need to write the past participle of the verb if we are 81 00:11:12,049 --> 00:11:22,490 using a regular verb, play, talk. If I'm using an irregular verb, the third column 82 00:11:22,490 --> 00:11:33,750 drive, drove, driven, eat, ate, eaten, drink, drank, drunk, go, went, gone, okay? And after 83 00:11:33,750 --> 00:11:40,970 the main verb, whatever I want to include in the sentence, okay? Whatever else I 84 00:11:40,970 --> 00:11:47,850 want to include in the sentence. Let's see an example. With the auxiliary verb have because 85 00:11:47,850 --> 00:11:59,470 I'm using I, you, we or they. I have visited the dentist. Yo he visitado al dentista. Es decir, 86 00:11:59,590 --> 00:12:05,509 he ido al dentista en el pasado. ¿Hace mucho? No. Seguramente habrá sido a lo mejor hace una hora, 87 00:12:05,509 --> 00:12:15,990 hace 10 minutos hace un día pero no va a ser el verano pasado vale he ido al dentista sería la 88 00:12:15,990 --> 00:12:24,990 traducción española sí and as you can appreciate here as you can notice here you can instead of 89 00:12:24,990 --> 00:12:33,809 writing the whole auxiliary verb have you can shorten it lo podéis acortar poniéndolo de esta 90 00:12:33,809 --> 00:12:41,250 manera pero esto es algo que ya sabíais estoy convencido vale aquí estoy usando un verbo que 91 00:12:41,250 --> 00:12:51,340 es regular with he it would be he we have a different subject we need another form 92 00:12:51,340 --> 00:13:00,500 of the auxiliary verb he has and the rest of the sentence is exactly the same he has visited 93 00:13:00,500 --> 00:13:13,779 the dentist or he's visited the dentist okay you can also sort it very good in the negative 94 00:13:13,779 --> 00:13:22,740 and the only thing we have to do is adding or including the particle not 95 00:13:22,740 --> 00:13:27,039 Ok, to the auxiliary verb 96 00:13:27,039 --> 00:13:30,240 So, I don't say 97 00:13:30,240 --> 00:13:32,960 I don't driven 98 00:13:32,960 --> 00:13:35,960 I don't eat and breakfast 99 00:13:35,960 --> 00:13:38,620 No puedo decir el don't o el doesn't 100 00:13:38,620 --> 00:13:43,000 Porque ese verbo auxiliar no es del present perfect 101 00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:48,159 Don't doesn't los utilizo en present simple 102 00:13:48,159 --> 00:13:51,100 Vale, esto recordadlo 103 00:13:51,100 --> 00:14:02,500 porque es lo que más dudas os genera, porque vuestro principal problema es que mezcláis los verbos auxiliares de unos tiempos verbales, los mezcláis con los de los otros, ¿vale? 104 00:14:02,500 --> 00:14:14,799 A lo mejor estáis escribiendo una frase en pasado, en negativa, y en lugar de poner I didn't do my homework, a lo mejor me ponéis I don't, ¿vale? 105 00:14:14,799 --> 00:14:22,600 I don't do my homework. Esa frase está bien, pero no estáis hablando del pasado, ¿vale? Entonces es muy importante. 106 00:14:23,620 --> 00:14:35,539 So, we have not eaten breakfast. Imaginad que os habéis levantado esta mañana, estamos ahora aquí en clase, y empieza a decir, por ejemplo, asma. 107 00:14:35,539 --> 00:14:42,279 pues yo esta mañana no he desayunado nada porque no tenía hambre eso ha ocurrido hace 108 00:14:42,279 --> 00:14:52,429 relativamente poco tiempo ha ocurrido en el pasado reciente vale entonces para que veáis 109 00:14:52,429 --> 00:14:57,330 que utilizamos el present perfect para hablar de cosas que ya han ocurrido en el pasado pero 110 00:14:57,330 --> 00:15:06,750 hace relativamente poco si i can also shorten the auxiliary verb if i don't if imagine that 111 00:15:06,750 --> 00:15:15,909 one day bruno is lazy okay and he is saying to himself well today i'm feeling tired i don't want 112 00:15:15,909 --> 00:15:24,529 to write the whole auxiliary verb i prefer to write the short form of the auxiliary verb haven't 113 00:15:24,529 --> 00:15:35,769 it's correct too okay so this have not this haven't we have to use this auxiliary every time 114 00:15:35,769 --> 00:15:45,009 we have any of those subjects if I have this other subjects he see it okay I 115 00:15:45,009 --> 00:15:58,309 have to use has not or hasn't and with the interrogative if you know how to do 116 00:15:58,309 --> 00:16:04,429 correctly the affirmative and the negative the interrogative is a piece of 117 00:16:04,429 --> 00:16:11,929 cake okay the only thing is that you have to change the order of the words 118 00:16:11,929 --> 00:16:19,190 when you are asking something in English you don't say look I'm writing here 119 00:16:19,190 --> 00:16:26,129 I'm gonna write here I'm copying that one okay this is one common mistake you 120 00:16:26,129 --> 00:16:28,870 usually have 121 00:16:34,429 --> 00:16:46,009 this. They have been in London. It's wrong, because you have not changed the order of the words to 122 00:16:46,009 --> 00:17:01,789 ask, in the order of the auxiliary. The correct way would be to do it like this. Have they been in 123 00:17:01,789 --> 00:17:07,089 London? You know that the change is minimal, guys. I have only changed the auxiliary verb, 124 00:17:07,089 --> 00:17:17,950 that I have taken it to the beginning and it is over, it is worth this is a failure that I have observed a lot in the 125 00:17:17,950 --> 00:17:26,589 last test in the one of units 89 with the going to is a failure that you have had enough 126 00:17:26,589 --> 00:17:32,890 people worth the interrogation you have not changed the auxiliary and you have put it like this but 127 00:17:32,890 --> 00:17:35,529 Pero le habéis añadido el símbolo de interrogación al final. 128 00:17:35,809 --> 00:17:37,289 Entonces pues eso no es correcto. 129 00:17:37,329 --> 00:17:37,650 ¿De acuerdo? 130 00:17:38,430 --> 00:17:39,490 ¿Que os entenderían? 131 00:17:39,609 --> 00:17:41,049 Por supuesto que os entenderían. 132 00:17:41,890 --> 00:17:46,130 Pero si lo hacéis en una redacción os lo contarían mal. 133 00:17:46,630 --> 00:17:48,170 En inglés hablado no pasaría nada. 134 00:17:48,490 --> 00:17:49,250 Absolutamente nada. 135 00:17:49,769 --> 00:17:49,930 ¿Vale? 136 00:17:51,509 --> 00:17:54,450 Y en escrito os entenderían igual pero no os lo darían bien. 137 00:17:54,670 --> 00:17:56,529 Entonces bueno, importante este detalle. 138 00:17:56,650 --> 00:17:56,750 ¿Vale? 139 00:17:56,750 --> 00:18:20,589 And I can also include with the present perfect that word, EVA, que solo utilizamos para decir si alguna vez has estado en algún sitio, si has hecho alguna cosa, por ejemplo, Nora, have you ever been in Madrid? Can you answer to me? 140 00:18:20,589 --> 00:18:22,109 Yes 141 00:18:22,109 --> 00:18:24,390 Yes, I've been, ok 142 00:18:24,390 --> 00:18:27,990 Habéis visto, le he preguntado a Noda si alguna vez ha estado en Madrid 143 00:18:27,990 --> 00:18:29,289 Y ya me dice que sí 144 00:18:29,289 --> 00:18:33,109 Saraluque, have you ever been in Disneyland? 145 00:18:38,950 --> 00:18:40,970 Saraluque, are you still between us? 146 00:18:45,829 --> 00:18:46,089 No? 147 00:18:51,440 --> 00:18:53,920 Ok, yes, very good 148 00:18:53,920 --> 00:18:56,900 Vale, entonces para que veáis que have you ever 149 00:18:56,900 --> 00:19:01,480 Cuando pongo el eva es para preguntar si alguna vez has estado o hecho algo 150 00:19:01,480 --> 00:19:06,720 Bruno, have you ever driven a car? 151 00:19:13,859 --> 00:19:19,950 Bruno, have you ever driven a car? 152 00:19:30,250 --> 00:19:32,690 If you say no, how would it be? 153 00:19:32,930 --> 00:19:36,029 Well, Lucía, it would be yes, I have. 154 00:19:36,630 --> 00:19:39,450 And if it's no, no, I haven't. 155 00:19:42,799 --> 00:19:43,279 And that's it. 156 00:19:49,799 --> 00:19:53,859 Of the notes that I see that you are commenting, now I'll tell you a little something, okay? 157 00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:57,339 To calm you down, because I see you a little upset. 158 00:19:58,140 --> 00:20:01,940 Vale, esto por un lado. 159 00:20:04,500 --> 00:20:07,319 What else? The last thing, ok? That I'm going to explain. 160 00:20:08,339 --> 00:20:16,220 We can also include those words when we are using the present perfect. 161 00:20:16,980 --> 00:20:20,759 Estas son expresiones que se utilizan con el present perfect, ¿vale? 162 00:20:21,140 --> 00:20:25,480 Recordad, por ejemplo, con el present continuous teníamos otras palabras que utilizábamos. 163 00:20:25,480 --> 00:20:41,339 o por ejemplo right now, now, at the moment, son palabras que solo utilizo en present continuous, pues con present perfect nos pasa lo mismo, yo tengo otras, ¿vale? que voy a utilizar siempre con present perfect, ¿y qué significan esto? 164 00:20:41,339 --> 00:20:56,819 already means ya, just means like acabar de and yet means todavía. Those words are important 165 00:20:56,819 --> 00:21:03,319 because they precise or they give an accurate 166 00:21:03,319 --> 00:21:10,940 or they try to give an accurate moment 167 00:21:10,940 --> 00:21:15,559 in the time that the thing happened 168 00:21:15,559 --> 00:21:17,180 or that the event happened. 169 00:21:17,180 --> 00:21:20,000 Tratan de precisar de alguna manera 170 00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:21,960 ese momento del pasado 171 00:21:21,960 --> 00:21:25,019 en el que ha ocurrido la acción. 172 00:21:25,680 --> 00:21:26,319 Mirad. 173 00:21:26,380 --> 00:21:27,019 Cristian. 174 00:21:27,299 --> 00:21:27,579 Sí. 175 00:21:28,380 --> 00:21:30,160 Se puede decir, por ejemplo, 176 00:21:30,160 --> 00:21:34,440 No, I haven't just finished my homework. 177 00:21:35,880 --> 00:21:38,240 I haven't just... 178 00:21:38,240 --> 00:21:44,240 Si quieres decir que yo quitaría el just, en negativa no lo utilizaría, ¿vale? 179 00:21:44,299 --> 00:21:50,799 Yo diría en afirmativa, sí, I have just finished my homework. 180 00:21:50,940 --> 00:21:51,940 Acabo de terminarlos. 181 00:21:52,900 --> 00:21:53,220 Vale. 182 00:21:53,220 --> 00:22:07,759 Vale, pero en negativa, I haven't finished just, I haven't just finished, se podría utilizar, pero lo veo que igual puede confundir un poquito más. 183 00:22:08,599 --> 00:22:11,759 En negativa es mejor hacerlo con yet. 184 00:22:11,859 --> 00:22:13,079 Yet, exacto. 185 00:22:13,559 --> 00:22:13,819 Vale. 186 00:22:14,059 --> 00:22:14,759 Ahora voy a eso. 187 00:22:15,640 --> 00:22:21,839 So, lo que os vuelvo a repetir, se utiliza para precisar ese momento del pasado en el que ha ocurrido algo. 188 00:22:21,839 --> 00:22:22,579 Ejemplos. 189 00:22:22,579 --> 00:22:39,599 We have already done our homework, nosotros sin el already sería nosotros hemos hecho los deberes, pero con el already pasa a significar nosotros ya hemos hecho los deberes, ¿de acuerdo? 190 00:22:39,599 --> 00:22:50,619 Quiere decir que ya están completados, que están listos para ser corregidos o para ser enviados, nos da un poquito más de información sobre esa acción. 191 00:22:50,619 --> 00:23:12,240 Otro ejemplo, I have just brushed my teeth, me he cepillado los dientes, pero con el just me acabo de cepillar los dientes, es decir, que acaba de pasar hace relativos pocos minutos, vale, que justo acabo de terminar de hacer eso, a lo mejor segundos atrás estaba cepillándome los dientes todavía, vale 192 00:23:12,240 --> 00:23:20,319 We use already and just with sentences in affirmative, ok? 193 00:23:20,740 --> 00:23:31,140 And we always, always use them after the auxiliary verb or between the auxiliary verb and the main verb. 194 00:23:31,779 --> 00:23:37,960 Lo utilizamos siempre las dos entre el auxiliar y el principal en afirmativo. 195 00:23:37,960 --> 00:23:54,119 And the other case, yet, it's a bit different because we always, always use it at the end of a sentence when it's in negative, ok? 196 00:23:54,720 --> 00:23:58,240 He hasn't brought the documents yet. 197 00:23:59,160 --> 00:24:03,140 Sin el yet, esto significaría él no ha traído los documentos. 198 00:24:03,140 --> 00:24:07,880 Pero con el yet, él no ha traído los documentos todavía. 199 00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:20,500 I mean, I'm already like a crazy guy waiting for him to bring me the documents, I've been waiting for a guy to bring me his documents and he still hasn't brought them to me and here I'm still waiting, okay? 200 00:24:20,759 --> 00:24:27,359 And it's always placed at the end and when the sentence is in negative, okay? 201 00:24:27,940 --> 00:24:37,680 And this would be all we're going to learn from the present, well, we would have one more thing left, but this is the most important, okay? 202 00:24:37,680 --> 00:24:41,400 and what I wanted to remember is that we already did this in the last course.