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Hello everybody, this is a video in which we are going to start the unit number 5 of the book, the number 7 for us, in social science.

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Remember that we have two more units because we divided the units related to the rivers and the mountains into two different topics.

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So that's the reason why we have two more, right?

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So this unit is called Economy and we are going to learn how the economy of Spain works,

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what are the main sectors we have and we are going to learn also the areas in Spain that

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have different or the sectors that are more present in different areas of Spain and we

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will have a look on the different European countries too to know how the economy works

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in Europe and the percentage of people

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who works in the different sectors.

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So we will start with the primary sector.

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I'm going to make it bigger just for you to read it.

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And it says that the primary sector activities

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involve obtaining raw materials

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directly from the earth or from living things.

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And these raw materials include things like fruits,

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minerals and wood.

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Sometimes we use these materials to make other products.

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For example, we use oil to make plastic.

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So here the most important thing for you is to know what is the meaning of raw material.

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So you have to look in the dictionary.

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My advice is to create a dictionary with the most important words of this unit

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unit, because it will be easy for you to extract, to get the information of the unit when you know

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what is the meaning of the word. Raw materials mean materias primas, right? Raw means crudo in

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English, but it's also materias primas, vale? So, here important for you is to write raw materials,

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materias primas, on a book or in the, sorry, on the notebook, because it will be easy, right?

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Raw materials from the earth or from living things, in the case of farms or the crops,

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right? And these materials are used to make other products. We use oil, in this case it's not aceite,

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it's petróleo, to make plastic, right? There are many different types of primary sector activities,

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so we are going to learn about them.

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Arable farming.

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This type of farming is the cultivation of land to produce crops.

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Farmers can grow dry crops, for example, cereals, grapes and olives,

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the Mediterranean trilogy, cereal, vidio, oliva,

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which need only rainwater, or irrigated crops,

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for example, fruit, vegetables and rice, which need extra water to grow.

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So, important, dry crops, what is the meaning of crop, right?

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Because you know what is the meaning, you know the meaning of dry

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and you can guess what is the meaning of irrigated

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because it's so similar to the Spanish, it's similar to the Spanish word.

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But the important thing is what is the meaning of crop, ¿vale?

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Es cultivo, cultivos de secano y cultivos de regadío, right?

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It's arable farming, farming no es una granja, ¿vale?

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Arable farming significa tierras de cultivo.

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Vale? This type of farming is the cultivation of land. Vale? Nos da la pista. Produce crops. Cultivos. Vale? So, you have to think about the areas in Spain in which are famous the dry crops. Right? Because, for instance, in Castilla, right, we have dry crops, cereals, but we also have grapes.

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and in which area of Spain people are famous for the olives they grow, right?

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And irrigated crops, rice.

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Think about the place in Spain in which rice is grown, right?

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Maybe it's related with paella, I don't know.

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Just think about it, right? Because we will go with it later on, but you have to think about the different areas in Spain and if we have in those areas dry crops or aerated crops.

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So, let's go on to continue with the next one.

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Livestock farming. Another type of farming involves animals.

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Farmers buy and sell them or keep them to produce food and other products.

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There are two types of farming. In extensive farming, animals spend a lot of time outdoors in open spaces.

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But in intensive farming, the animals are kept in enclosed spaces.

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Here I would like you to think about which one of those methods is more positive because it's just one method.

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Which one of those methods is more positive for the environment, right?

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And for the animals too, right?

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So, extensivo, intensivo, intensivo, like in Spanish,

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so it's something really easy for you.

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Let's going to move to fishing.

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Fishing includes catching both fish and other animals

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from rivers, lakes, seas, or oceans.

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Most fishing occurs at sea.

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We can differentiate between deep sea fishing,

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which is carried out far away from the coast, and coastal fishing, which is carried out near the coast.

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So in Spain, fishing is really important because we have many, many kilometers of coast in Spain

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and different areas because we have the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Cantabrian Sea, right?

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So, we also, well, we have, the fishing is really important in our economy related to the primary sector, right?

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So, deep sea fishing, pesca de mar abierto, ¿vale?

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Pesca fuera de la costa and coastal fishing near the coast, right?

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The next point is forestry.

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Forestry is the exploitation of forest and tree plantations.

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The number of forests on earth is decreasing due to human factors.

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The process of cutting down forests is called deforestation.

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In Spain, with forestry, we have a problem not only because of the process of cutting down the trees,

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but also because there are areas in which there are different trees that are the original ones

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because it's the industry for instance if you think about Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias

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you will see that there are more eucalyptus tree which are grown because of the wood of their wood

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But those trees are not the original ones, so that is a problem because deforestation also takes place when you change the ecosystem, and they are changing the ecosystem.

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Instead of having almond trees or other trees, they have eucalyptus, so the soil is changing, so it's a problem.

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Mining. Mining involves taking natural materials from the earth's crust into two different ways.

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Underground mining is carried out in tunnels below the earth's surface and opencast mining is carried out above ground.

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My father has worked for many years in a quarry, right? In a cantera, opencast mining, right?

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And at the very beginning there was a really, when he started to work on there, because he has been working there for more than 45 years,

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at the very beginning it was a very, very oak forest and now it's just a big hole,

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because if you want to take the materials from the surface you have to destroy it,

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the forests and everything that is surrounding it. So we have to think carefully about the way

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in which we get the materials from our earth. Because when you see it now, at the very beginning

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it was a really amazing forest with centenary oaks and now it's just a yellow hole, right? So

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So I have spent many, many times, I mean, because it's in front of, sorry, it's near

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my village, it's just in the other village.

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So I have spent many summer afternoons in the quarry.

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So it's sad because when you see how we destroy the environment, it's something really sad,

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right?

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So this is the end of the first part of the primary sector.

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So just for you to organize your ideas, we have the primary sector, the one that in which we transform, we get, sorry, the one in which we get the raw materials to create other products.

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And they have different activities.

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We have different activities on the primary sector.

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These different activities are arable farming, which is agricultura, livestock farming, which is ganadería, fishing, pesca.

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Forestry is, I didn't know the meaning of forestry in Spanish, I have to look for it on the dictionary, is silvicultura, right?

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It is the action of obtaining resources through the forests and plantations and mining, which is mining.

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So this is the first point of our unit. I have spent 10 minutes on my recording, so we are going to continue with the second point, which is the...

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Right, I look forward to have enough time for you because I have just four minutes.

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But it's something really, really easy.

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Right, the primary sector in Spain.

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In 1900, about 60% of the active population of Spain worked in the primary sector.

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Wow.

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Today, only about 4% work in this sector.

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Maybe that's related with the exodus to the cities.

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Right. Among the crops grown in Spain are olive trees, mainly in Andalusia, and oranges in the Comunidad Valenciana.

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Big farming is very important in the south of the country, mainly in Extremadura.

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Due to the fact that Spain has many kilometers of coast, fishing is also a very important activity.

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And it's really important in our diet because we have the Mediterranean diet and something really, really important.

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Nowadays, mining is not as important and it was in the past.

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Remember the areas of León, the north of León, El Bierzo, Asturias, some areas of Cantabria, but not really many areas.

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But the north of the province of Palencia, they were areas that were, they are areas that were really important, where mining was very important many years ago, but they no longer have that industry, right?

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And the most important forestry product in Spain is cork.

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Remember that we were in class, like in the unit related to the plants,

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in natural science, and we had a word that we had to look for it on the meaning, right?

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Do you remember?

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It was cork, tree.

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And you were asked about it.

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And what was the name of that tree in Spanish?

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Do you remember?

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maybe it was Alcornoque

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and we get cork from it.

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Obtenemos el corcho del Alcornoque, ¿vale? It's really important because we get

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we have the industry of the wine

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and we need corks for the bottles. So, but

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remember that cork is corcho and cork tree is Alcornoque,

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right? And here we have the map. I'm going to try to

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What are you doing, Laura? You're moving up and down.

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This is the map of Spain and Spain's primary activities.

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So we can see fishing in the coastal lane.

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And we can see the different autonomous communities to see what they get, what they have.

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have, sorry. Here we have wine, we have forestry, we have farming, right? Well, in these areas,

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in those areas, sorry, en estas, en esas de aquí, en estas de aquí, these areas, we have cereals,

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right? Which are really important and here we should have olives, right? Can you see the olive tree?

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olive and in the Mediterranean too, Mediterranean area. So here you have the key to know what you

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have in the different areas. So it will help you to do one activity that you have to... it's a

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project that you have to complete in this unit, right? So this is the... I'm gonna finish this

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video because I just have five seconds and I will make another one with the secondary