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So, let's finish with this unit, with the Unit 7, the interwar period.

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The last epigraph is the Soviet Union.

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We are going to talk about Stalin's dictatorship.

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We are going to study how Stalin is going to reach power and the state that he is going

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to create.

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He is going to create a dictatorship and he is going to have some points in common with

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the Nazi regime.

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So the idea is he is going to establish another totalitarian system.

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But in this case, the ideology is communism and it's not Nazism, okay?

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So what you're going to see is Nazism is going to be based, for example, in nationalism is

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going to be based on racism, but in this case with Stalin, his dictatorship is not going

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to be based on these two specific ideas, it's going to be based only in his own power.

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means it's going to be based on a communist ideology but he is going to

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feel that is the only one that can save the Russian Revolution so the idea is

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this dictatorship is going to be based on this person along with the Communist

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Party but the idea of a Stalin is starting reaching the reaching power or

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acquiring the power is that Stalin is going to defend the revolution so that's

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the point and Stalin is going to justify any of his actions it means he is going

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to justify the dictatorship based on this idea the idea of I'm doing this

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because I want to preserve the revolution but the thing is Stalin is

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going to just going to preserve the power on his hands he do not want others

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to have the power he wants the power for himself so the idea is he is going to

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justify this dictatorship on the basis of on the basis of of preserving the

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revolution but in the end is a matter of maintaining or keeping the power okay so

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let's begin so how is something is going to reach power the Stalin is going to

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reach power due to the funeral of Lenin okay if you remember Lenin Lenin carried

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was the leader of the revolution of 1917 Lenin here you have Lenin remember him

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okay he carried out the revolution of October in 1917 he carried out that

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revolution he carried out a military coup in order to end with the liberal

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and constitutional government in Russia and he carried out this military coup in

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order to carry out a communist revolution and establish a communist

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system or country so the idea is he's going to die in 1924 and after this there

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are going to appear two different ideas about what to do with the Russian

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Revolution it means when Lenin dies or when Lenin died so appears

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two different options in order to develop the Russian Revolution okay here

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what you see is a Lenin that is going to be mummified in order to preserve his

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body in the best conditions possible okay in the best possible conditions so

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the idea is if you go to Russia you'll see this this Lenin this body mummified

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that is it has been preserved in 1924 okay almost a century so the idea is

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Lenin is going to die remember Lenin was the leader of the Russian Revolution and

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Lenin okay carried out that military coup in October 1917 he is going to

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establish a dictatorship based on his own person but it's not going to say it's

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not going to be the same dictatorship as Stalin's okay

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Stalin the statorship is going to be a totalitarian state and the Russia that Lenin led wasn't a totalitarian system, a totalitarian regime.

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So what we are going to see is Lenin as leader of the revolution is going to die in 1924.

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So we are going to have two different proposals to consolidate, it means to preserve this revolution.

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okay the first option is leon trotsky we are going to have this person leon trotsky you have

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here leon trotsky and what he is going to propose is the idea of export the revolution to other

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countries it means leon trotsky is is going to propose okay what we need to do is after

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after communism after communism conquering russia what we need to do is spread communism to the

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other countries this is the best way in order to protect the revolution in russia because if we

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spread communism to the other countries no one is going to fight against communism in russia

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so that's the best way we are going to export this revolution to the other countries

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the other option is the opposite what we want is joseph stalin the one that is going to support

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this theory and it's socialism in one country so the idea is I want to preserve

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or Stalin wanted to preserve the revolution in Russia first let's make

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this revolution this communist state in Russia strong enough and after that we

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will see if we can spread this revolution to other countries okay so

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the first option is Leon Trotsky saying okay let's spread the revolution to

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other countries in order to protect the revolution in russia and joseph stalin is saying no no no no

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the best way is to consolidate the revolution in russia to make the communist state in russia

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strong enough to survive and later on we will see we will spread the revolution to the other

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countries okay so these are the two different ways the two different proposals okay to protect

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to consolidate the revolution

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That could be the idea. Leon Trotsky and

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Joseph Stalin. This is Stalin in the 50s

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and this is Stalin when he was young. As you can see

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he was pretty different than

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when he was old, ok?

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So you have here young Stalin

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and you have here old Stalin

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or elder Stalin. So the idea of Stalin

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is that the Soviet Union

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could be transformed into a great power it means we are going to make this communist country this

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soviet union a strong country enough that could be the cradle cradle means lacuna of future

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revolutions is going to be the inspiration of future revolutions so that's the idea leon trotsky

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is going to say okay let's spread the revolution this is the moment we have succeeded in russia

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let's spread it we will protect the revolution in russia thanks to this but joseph stalin is saying

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No, no, no, no what we need is a strong country. We need a russia a communist russia that is going to be strong enough to survive

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In this world that is capitalist and after that we will be the examples for other revolutions

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So that's why you have this map here

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So this map is related with the cold war. Okay, the cold war is

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The phase in history after the second world war, okay

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Okay, remember Second World War, we are going to see that, okay, I'm projecting this map

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because you can see the effect of a Soviet Union strong enough to spread communism to

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other countries, okay, sorry, North Korea, China, Mongolia, Vietnam, I don't know, Afghanistan,

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eastern europe part of africa cuba okay so the idea is after the second world war we are going

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to have two superpowers one is going to be the soviet union communist communist and the other

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one is the the united states that they are capitalists so these two different countries

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these two different superpowers with two different ideologies and economic systems are going to fight

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from 1945 till 1991 in order to defeat the other the US is going to spread to

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most of Latin America and Western Europe you see the Soviet Union is going to

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succeed in part of China part of Africa a little in Latin America and part of

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the Middle East okay and Eastern Europe so the idea is these two superpowers are

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going to fight and they are going to spray the ideologies and economic systems. What I want to

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say with this map, the one that is going to succeed is going to be Joseph Stalin, not Leon Trotsky.

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Joseph Stalin is going to succeed and that's why he is going to establish a dictatorship and a

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totalitarian regime. Joseph Stalin, his idea of socialism in one country, the idea of having a

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great power a great superpower that russia the soviet union could be a great superpower and

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the cradle of future revolutions it means the origin for future revolutions that is going to

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happen the soviet union is going to spread communism to eastern europe is going to spread

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communism to part of asia middle east a a few in latin american countries and africa okay so the

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world during the cold war la guerra fria from 1945 to 1991 is going to be divided into

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main superpowers the capitalist one and the communist one the communist one is going to

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is going to influence to other countries to make them communist and the capitalist one is going to

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influence all the countries to make them capitalist okay so let's continue these are the two different

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proposals to consolidate to preserve the revolution in russia and the one that is

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going to succeed is joseph stalin okay the joseph stalin's one what is going to happen

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stalin is going to be general secretary of the communist party in the soviet union

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since 1922 it means to be the general secretary of this party means to be the head the most

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important person in this communist party in the communist party of the soviet union

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of Russia it means

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so the idea is he is going to be

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the general secretary in 1922

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but he is going to control

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all the situation by

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1927

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when he is going to be the

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sole leader of the Soviet Union

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ok

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so how he is going to reach the power

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we are going to see it later on

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so the idea is in 1922 he is going

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to be elected, remember before Lenin

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is dead, he is going to be elected

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a general secretary of the

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communist party of the soviet union it means he is going to be the head of the communist party

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and by 1927 he is going to be the sole leader of the soviet union okay the only one person

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controlling the soviet union controlling the whole country so that's why after 1927

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three years after lenin is dead he is going to be or is going to turn into a dictator

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because he is going to control the soviet union he is going to have all the power and he is going

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to make sure that he can preserve he can consolidate the revolution in russia the problem

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is he is going to try to consolidate the revolution through a dictatorship a totalitarian

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dictatorships dictatorship so trotsky as the enemy of stalin remember he had the opposite proposal

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he is going to go into exile why because stalin forced him to go into exile and in 1940

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stalin is going to order to assassinate trotsky so here you have trotsky dead okay a catalan

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yes a catalan in mexico is going to kill trotsky trotsky is going to run away from russia okay

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and he is going to start to live in Mexico but a Catalan that it was related

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with the Communist Party the Russian Communist Party is going to be ordered

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to kill Trotsky he is going to kill Trotsky using a piolet I don't know if

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you know where is a piolet a piolet is this is like a hammer in order to

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climb a mountain okay so the thing is he is going to he's going to hit a

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Trotsky with this pilot and he is going to kill him okay so the idea is Stalin

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is going to start killing all these people that maybe they are going to

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opposite him why because he truly believes that is the only one person in

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Russia in order to consolidate and also defend the revolution that's the

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important thing he feels that he is the only one the only one that can preserve

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this revolution that can save this revolution okay because he has this idea

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the idea of socialism in one country the idea of socialism in Russia make a

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strong Russia and let's see if later on Russia can be the example for future

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revolutions okay so let's see how he is going to establish this socialism in one

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country remember what is one of the options the ideological options after

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Lenin died okay and he is going to achieve power and kill Trotsky in order

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to eliminate all the possible enemies or opposition inside Russia so what is

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going to happen the thing is he knew Stalin I mean knew that if he wants to

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preserve the revolution he needs to have he needs to make the Soviet Union a

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strong and powerful economy okay so he needs that the Soviet Union is an

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economic superpower so in order to do that he is going to carry out he's going

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to develop the industrial power and impose a collectivist economy and

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society based on three factors okay before we see the three factors I want

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to explain what is to collectivist the economy if you remember we have studied

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what is Marxism we have studied what is socialism and communism okay and

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And remember, we were seeing, okay, Marxism wanted to end with the class society.

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He wanted to end with the difference between the poor people and the rich people.

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In order to do that, they wanted to collectivist the means of production.

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So this is what Stalin is going to establish.

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The collectivization of the means of production.

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it means the means of productions are not going to be in hands of a person it's not going to be

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in hands of the bourgeoisie it's going to be in hands of the people but basically in hands of

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the state okay so that's the idea he is going to collectivize the economy and society that means

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the means of production it means anything we need to produce something like the lands if you want

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produce agricultural products or the machines for the industry to develop industrial power

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those means of production are supposed to be the owners are supposed to be the society in general

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but in fact it's going to be the state so it's a collectivization really specific because it's

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going to be the state the one that is going to control this means of transport a means of

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production and it's going to make the society to produce anything the state considers, okay?

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so the idea is the soviet union in order to create to make it a great a great industrial power

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is going to impose he study is going to impose this collectivization that means the means of

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production are not going to be in hands of the bourgeoisie or the nobility or the rich people

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it's going to be in hands instead of the people in hands of the state okay

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sorry so the idea is he wants to uh to carry out this collectivization and he's going to

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carry out based on three main factors okay so let's think about it collectivization means

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that the the lands or the machines are going to be in hands of the state not in hands of

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a private person ok not in hands of the bourgeoisie or the rich people so the

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first main factor in order to understand this collectivization is a planned

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economy it means the state Stalin is going to plan what to produce is going

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to organize the industrial production and the agricultural production is going

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to establish okay in five years okay we are going to plan we are going to plan the economy of Russia

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or the Soviet Union for five years and he is going to say okay in five years we need to produce this

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amount of a type of cereal and we need to produce this amount of I don't know a specific type of

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machines so that's the idea in order to make the Soviet Union a great industrial power he is going

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to carry out this collectivization in order to give the means of production to

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the state why the state and not the society because he feels that he is the

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only one that can organize correctly the economy that is the the Communist Party

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the one that can control everything and must control everything this is a

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communist country so the state must control the economy okay so nowadays for example many people

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identify communism with planned economy in fact you know that marxism is not based on planned

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economy stalin decided to plan the economy okay so let's say this in spanish really quick

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The idea is that Stalin wants the Soviet Union to be a great industrial power, and for this he decides to collectivize the economy, that is, he decides that the means of production, the land, the machines, etc., are not in the hands of private companies or individual people, but in the hands of the state.

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Not of society, as Marxism proposed, but of the state, because he considers that the state is the only one that can guarantee the revolution and guarantee the survival of communist Russia.

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Then there will be three factors that explain or organize this collectivization.

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The first is that the economy has to be planned. Stalin says he is going to create five-year quinquennial plans and says in these five years you have to produce as much agriculture and as much in the industry.

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Stalin is not going to take into account the population, he is going to take into account what the state needs to survive communism in Russia. That is the idea, the fundamental idea.

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So, he is going to carry out a plan economy, a state-managed economy, means that is controlled

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by the state, based on five-year plans, it means the plans are for five years and is

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going to organize the agricultural production and the natural production for these five

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years.

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After these five years, another five-year plan.

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After these five years, another five-year plan, and so on.

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That's the idea.

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second main factor is that he is going to prohibit he is going to banish the

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private property so the land the factories the banks the transport

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everything is going to be now property of the state remember what I said the

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state is the only one that can warranty the communist revolution to survive in

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Russia so that's why he is going to prohibit the private property okay and

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And it's going to prohibit this private property, and that means that all these means of production, the transports, the banks, the factories, the lands, are going to be property of the state, okay?

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So the idea is no private property, and it's going to be state property, okay?

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This collectivization doesn't mean that the society is going to control the means of production.

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It is the state the one that is going to control the means of production.

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¿Veis la vinculación con el régimen nazi en el que el Estado se vincula a un partido

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y el Estado lo domina todo y controla la sociedad, la economía y la política?

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Exactamente lo mismo.

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Con un medio distinto de hacer las cosas, es decir, no se hacen igual,

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but the objective is the same, the State, identified with the Communist Party, controls society, the economy and politics.

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farms it means thanks to this collectivization of the economy of the

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agricultural production we are going to have two type of farms in Russia it

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means in Russia the agricultural production is going to be organized in

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two type of farms the first one is called is called call host that is a

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cooperative managed by peasants it means a group of peasants is going to produce

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the user is going to control a piece of land and is going to produce what the state is saying

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make sense so it means two type of farms they are going to appear these two type of funds

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thanks to the collectivization of the agricultural sector in 1929 the first type is the cold host

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it means a group of peasants are going to control some lands and they are going to produce

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what the state is saying that they need to produce the other type is the subhost that means

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the owner of the farm is the state no a cooperative of peasants okay but both are going to be

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planned the production of both type of farms is going to be planned by the state makes sense

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so in the end what we are going to have is this this collectivization is going to lead in in the

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agricultural sector to these two type of farms okay we are not going to have private property

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what we have is a cooperative property it means a piece of lands an amount of land that is going

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to be in hassle in hands of a group of peasants these peasants what they are going to do is going

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to produce what the state is saying.

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In a soft host, the peasants that they are going to work in this type of farm, they are

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going to produce what the state is saying, but this farm is the property of the state.

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So the cold host is the only one exception to this idea of prohibiting the private property

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and establishing only the property of the state, because in this case is not a private

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property but is a type of property shared by a group of peasants make sense

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okay so the idea is remember Stalin wants to create a Soviet Union that is

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he wants to to make the Soviet Union a great industrial power in order to do

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that collectivization of the economy how based on three factors the first one is

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Stalin is going to plan the economy okay it is going to plan the production in

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agricultural and industrial sectors for five years after five years another plan

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for five years and so on okay second Stalin is going to establish that the

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private property must be banished okay there is not going to be private

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property all the property is going to be for the state okay but if we look at the

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property in agriculture how the collectivization is going to be in the

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agriculture what we are going to have is two type of farms one that is going to

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be controlled by the state okay these farms called sub host those that they

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are called called called host are cooperative and managed by peasants okay

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is not managed by the state is managed by peasants okay but both type of farms

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are going to produce what the state is establishing okay let's see the third

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factor the third factor is Stalin knew that a new war is going to begin due to

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the evolution of the European problems due to the due to Hitler and Mussolini

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reaching power so he knew that there would be a war and also he knew that if

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If he wants to create a superpower, it must be a great industrial power.

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It means if the Soviet Union wants to compete with the United States or wants to compete with Germany or wants to compete with Great Britain, it must be an industrial power.

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So, in order to do that, Stalin is going to give priority, okay, to heavy industry instead of agriculture.

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What does it mean?

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That the production, the economy, the economic production is going to be addressed to the industrial production instead of the agricultural production.

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production that's why there is going to be a rapid industrialization it means we are going to have a

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lot of factories really fast while the agriculture is going to experience a major delay delays

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retraction it means stalin and the state is going to invest more money in industrialization of the

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country rather than in a agricultural production what is going to happen who is going to suffer

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For this, the population, it means the population is going to experience a lack of food, but this population is going to work strongly in industry in order to increase the industrial production.

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Ok, so the idea is the needs of the population were disregarded. It means the needs of the population were unattended. We don't care about the population. We care that Russia is a great industrial power. For what? To preserve the communist revolution, to preserve, to give the opportunity for communism to survive in Russia and later expand to other countries.

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That is Stalin's great idea, to preserve the revolution, as in economy, creating this great industrial power.

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How? Through collectivization, it means no private property, or everything is going to be property of the state.

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The economy is going to be planned by the state, and also the state is going to address the investments and the production to the industry instead of the agriculture.

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That's why they are going to produce, the production, the agricultural production is going to be less than the industrial one.

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You can ask me now how, how this could be possible, how the population is going to accept this situation.

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Okay, the population, sorry, is going to accept this situation due to two main factors.

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Two main factors that maybe you remember from Nazi's regime.

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first propaganda they are going to say you are working for the revolution you

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are working for the lower classes in different countries because if we

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succeed in Russia our revolution will succeed in the whole world that's the

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propaganda vale the second one is okay if you do not agree with this you are

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going to go to a concentration camp you are going to suffer persecution the

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police can execute you easily fear again the same two tools in order to control

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the population propaganda and fear and that's why the population is going to

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accept this new economic policy this new dictatorship because he's going to be a

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totalitarian dictatorship Stalin and the Communist Party is going to control the

291
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state is going to control the economy and is going to control the society

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through fear and through propaganda okay makes sense so it's exactly the same

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type of state is going to be different because they have about the same tools

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they are going to a Nazism and Stalin's dictatorship they are going to use

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almost the same type of tools okay they are not the same state but they are they

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totalitarian states they are closed so these are the three main factors that

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they are going to that the basis they are they are going to be the basis of

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this collectivization of the economy that they are going to make the Soviet

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Union a great industrial power and the last slide of this unit is the

300
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totalitarian system in the Soviet Union so how Stalin is going to create this

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totalitarian system we have talked a little about this we have talked about

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how Stalin has created this system you know the purge it means to kill the

303
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people that is against Stalin how he is going to control the economy and how he

304
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is going to control the society through fear and propaganda but we are going to

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see it slowly in this in this slide so let's see here is going to Stalin is

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going to establish this personal dictatorship and it's going to be called Stalinism in Spanish

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Stalinism so it's really famous okay if you call someone Stalinist means you you are someone that

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is in that that is in favor of a dictatorship a communist dictatorship of course a dictatorship

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of the state but but a communist dictatorship but a dictatorship okay so the idea is this

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totalitarian regime this totalitarian system established in the Soviet Union

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by Stalin is going to be called Stalinism why because it's a personal

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dictatorship of Stalin of course so that's the idea the Stalinism is going

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to be a dictatorship established by Stalin based on what controlling the

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economy the society and politics using the Communist Party okay against against

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this is true, what is written here

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is that this personal dictatorship is going to be against the principle of the Bolshevik

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revolution, if you remember the Bolshevik revolution means we want the

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communist society, it means the society with no classes

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and it's also the society where everyone is equal

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and if there is a dictatorship, it's the dictatorship of the

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proletariat, not the dictatorship of a person called Stalin

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Por eso aquí dice que esta dictadura personalista de Stalin es una dictadura contra los principios de la revolución bolchevique, una dictadura en contra de los principios del comunismo y del marxismo, porque es una dictadura personalista centrada en una persona y en un partido, el comunista.

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So, that's the idea, Stalin is going to establish this totalitarian system through a personal

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dictatorship called Stalinism, and this Stalinism, this dictatorship is going to be against the

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principle of the Bolshevik revolution.

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Ok, this is some examples of the propaganda, ok?

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Maybe this one, for example, reminds you to one that I showed related with Hitler.

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Hitler was holding, was playing with a little girl, in this case is Stalin holding the future

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of the country that is a baby with the communist flag, and in this case what we have is Stalin

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with different people that they are going to be part of different social classes, you

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see the army, you see miners, you see the navy, people working at home, females, etc.

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But we are, so it means Stalin in the center, Stalin is preserving the revolution established by Lenin, okay?

333
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And it's a revolution for everyone, for all the social classes.

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¿Os dais cuenta?

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Es decir, establece un sistema totalitario, una dictadura personalista.

336
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Es parecida a la nazi, pero no tiene nada que ver con la nazi.

337
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Es decir, la nazi se basaba en racismo, la idea de la raza aria, la idea de Alemania, hacer Alemania grande otra vez.

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Here, what is it? Communist revolution, I am linked to Lenin and all social classes are the same. Now, yes, I dictate everything, I am a dictator because I can preserve, I am the only one who can preserve the communist revolution in Russia.

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¿Os dais cuenta de la diferencia? Es decir, la propaganda nos dice cosas similares a la nazi, porque tiene que dar algunos aspectos parecidos de el futuro, los jóvenes, etc. Pero en su esencia, la ideología está plasmada aquí.

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The ideology of communism is here

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What you see, the different social classes

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Surrounding and supporting Stalin

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Stalin, that is the Harry, el heredero of Lenin

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That is the creator, the father of the communist Russia

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You see here the flag

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So here is the propaganda

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of the communism of the stalinism or the communist dictatorship established by stalin so the

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communist party as the nazi party in germany is going to run and control all the state bodies it

349
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means the difference the difference between the state and the party is almost no one so the idea

350
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is stalin is going to control the the country is going to control the party politics there is going

351
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be only one party the communist party politics is going to be controlled by the communist party and

352
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stalin the economy is planned by this communist party and stalin and they are going to control

353
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the society through propaganda we have seen it and fear okay let's see fear okay this is the flag of

354
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the soviet union this is the flag of russia during the soviet union this is the flag of russia

355
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Nowadays as you can see they are really different. Okay. This is the flag of the communist flag. You'll see red with the hammer

356
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I can remember all in in English. Okay, and the star. Okay, so that's the idea here what we have is

357
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The communist flag this is the coming the the flag of the

358
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Of the Soviet Union. Okay the flag of the Soviet Union

359
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This is the the flag of capitalist Russia of Russia nowadays

360
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Okay, so the idea is party membership

361
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It means to be part of the party was essential for anyone to that wanted a position of responsibility

362
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What does it mean this sentence means if you want to be a teacher to be you need to be part of the Communist Party

363
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If you want to be a civil servant of the state, you must be part of the Communist Party.

364
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So it's exactly the same that happened in Germany with the Nazism.

365
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It means if you want to be part of the administration of the Nazi regime, what you need is be part

366
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of the Nazi party.

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So that's why we call the Nazi regime and the Stalin dictatorship, not the Soviet Union,

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Stalin dictatorship a totalitarian system because the party is going to

369
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control everything okay it's going to control the state because it's the state

370
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the party is the state it's going to control the economy the society and the

371
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politics so the idea is if you want you want to be a civil servant if you want

372
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to be part of the state to work for the state you must be a member of the

373
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Communist Party and the communist ideology is going to be imposed to the

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whole society remember a Nazism was imposed to the Jews with the Hitler

375
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jugend or Hitler Jews through propaganda okay so they were spreading the ideas of

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racism racism and nationalism in this case are the communist ideology is the

377
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communist ideology the thing the ideology that is going to spread in the

378
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society so the society is going to accept this communist society is this

379
00:39:21,030 --> 00:39:24,889
communist ideology if you do not accept it you know what is going to happen to

380
00:39:24,889 --> 00:39:30,730
you the concentration camp persecution in prison etc or or or death or to be

381
00:39:30,730 --> 00:39:35,449
executed so the idea is this Communist Party is going to control all the state

382
00:39:35,449 --> 00:39:40,070
bodies okay you must be a party membership if you want to be a civil

383
00:39:40,070 --> 00:39:47,309
servant and everyone is going to believe in communism. How you are going to make

384
00:39:47,309 --> 00:39:54,739
the people believe in communism? Through propaganda and through fear and

385
00:39:54,739 --> 00:39:59,960
of course what I say the severe repression to control the society what I

386
00:39:59,960 --> 00:40:03,559
was saying okay you remember in the Nazi regime the Gestapo so what they are

387
00:40:03,559 --> 00:40:11,780
going to have is a police okay KGB that is going to be a secret police in order

388
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to control the society, in order to see who is an opponent, an opponent to Stalin, so

389
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an enemy of socialism, if you do not support Stalin, you are not supporting the Russian

390
00:40:25,659 --> 00:40:32,519
revolution, you are not supporting communism, you are an enemy of socialism, okay, so the

391
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idea is that it's a totalitarian regime, why?

392
00:40:35,400 --> 00:40:40,820
Because it's a dictatorship, it's a personal dictatorship, Stalin is going to be the dictator

393
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and we have only one party the communist party the communist party is going to control the state

394
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and it's not only going to control the state bodies it's going to control the society

395
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why if you are part of the society you are russian and you want to work for the for the state

396
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you must be a party membership you must be part of the of the party of the communist party second

397
00:41:01,000 --> 00:41:07,460
the communist party this dictatorship is going to spread the communist ideology through propaganda

398
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through education, and also through repression, it means through fear, the secret police is going to control if anyone in this society is an enemy of socialism, it is an opponent to Stalin, or an opponent of Stalinism, so that's the idea,

399
00:41:31,280 --> 00:41:39,579
Okay, so severe repression to control the society if you check you if you think you see the the points in common with

400
00:41:39,900 --> 00:41:47,500
Nazism they are different because they have not the same ideology, but the type of state they are going to establish is really similar

401
00:41:48,260 --> 00:41:53,969
Okay, so for example, this is the political repression you see in 1934

402
00:41:55,269 --> 00:41:56,909
68,000 in

403
00:41:56,909 --> 00:41:59,909
1935 1936 so you see the year later

404
00:41:59,909 --> 00:42:09,469
one hundred ninety thousand people executed if you go to the next okay 1937

405
00:42:09,469 --> 00:42:16,789
1838 we are talking about six hundred eighty two thousand people arrest and

406
00:42:16,789 --> 00:42:22,789
this amount of people from six hundred eight eighty two thousand till one

407
00:42:22,789 --> 00:42:28,750
million three hundred seventy two thousand people executed is more than

408
00:42:28,750 --> 00:42:37,090
double okay more than double of arrest people okay and in 1939-1940 what you

409
00:42:37,090 --> 00:42:43,289
see is 121 thousand people executed but of course after these three years of

410
00:42:43,289 --> 00:42:47,510
course you do not have that much opposition you do not have that much

411
00:42:47,510 --> 00:42:52,309
people that they are going to oppose you and also is the beginning of the Second

412
00:42:52,309 --> 00:42:59,269
world war so everyone is going to support stalin because he's to fight for preserving the russian

413
00:42:59,269 --> 00:43:07,389
revolution in in in russia okay the communist revolution in russia so we will talk about this

414
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later okay so as you see it's a severe repression they are going stalin is going to start killing

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anyone that is against him and against his dictatorship okay that's the way that he is

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going to establish this totalitarian regime okay through uh only one party the party is going to

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00:43:26,409 --> 00:43:31,949
control everything and they are going to use propaganda and repression in order to spread

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the communist ideology and in order to control the society remember totalitarian system means

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the state controls the economy the society and politics

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control society in all its aspects, even put microphones inside your house to listen and see if you are an opponent.

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Get to that point. You don't have privacy. Privacy disappears.

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So, this repression is going to affect all the society, but especially these farmers.

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00:44:08,679 --> 00:44:11,639
Sorry. The kulaks are rich farmers.

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it means farmers that they were rich that they had a lot of different a lot of lands and they

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are going to they are going to oppose to collectivization why because they will be no

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00:44:24,739 --> 00:44:32,539
they will be no they won't be rich any longer okay so the idea is these kulaks are going to

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be executed are going to be persecuted because they are not going to accept the collectivization

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Why? Because they believed in private property and because they were rich.

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00:44:43,960 --> 00:44:50,599
So they had money, they didn't want to lose their social position, so they are going to oppose to collectivization.

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But they are going to be punished. How? Persecution and execution.

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Remember the severe repression, the amount of executed, executed, executed, executed people.

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And important related with this execution are the Moscow trials, los juicios de Moscú, where Stalin is going to kill almost most of the old Bolshevik party leaders.

433
00:45:20,579 --> 00:45:31,519
It means all the party leaders, all the communist party leaders that they could be against Stalin. So he is going to end with all these people.

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00:45:31,519 --> 00:45:48,739
¿Qué quiere decir? Stalin llega al poder, Stalin empieza a ver dentro del Partido Comunista que hay gente que se le opone, pues hay que cargárselos, hay que matarlos, y buscará la excusa del tipo, enemy of socialism, componer ese enemigo del socialismo, basta, y ejecución.

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00:45:48,739 --> 00:45:59,019
Mirad, this is the percentage of members, 55% of members executed in 1934.

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Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

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Es que se carga más de la mitad de los miembros del Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética.

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00:46:11,380 --> 00:46:17,360
But if we talk about the leaders, the people that they were the heads of these people,

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00:46:17,360 --> 00:46:19,860
we are talking about the 70%

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00:46:19,860 --> 00:46:21,500
of the leaders were executed

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00:46:21,500 --> 00:46:23,519
ok

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00:46:23,519 --> 00:46:25,800
they were executed or

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00:46:25,800 --> 00:46:28,079
deported to concentration camps

444
00:46:28,079 --> 00:46:30,079
ok, they were killed

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00:46:30,079 --> 00:46:30,739
in the end

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00:46:30,739 --> 00:46:33,800
so the idea is that Stalin wants to maintain his power

447
00:46:33,800 --> 00:46:35,860
removing from the middle all those who can

448
00:46:35,860 --> 00:46:36,460
oppose him

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00:46:36,460 --> 00:46:39,460
70% of leaders

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00:46:39,460 --> 00:46:42,039
55% of members

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00:46:42,039 --> 00:46:43,760
of the Communist Party, of the Congress

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00:46:43,760 --> 00:46:44,679
of the Communist Party

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00:46:44,679 --> 00:46:53,739
okay so he is executing he is ending with all the people inside the party that they could be

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00:46:53,739 --> 00:47:02,760
against him that they could fight against him make sense so that's how he is going to establish

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00:47:02,760 --> 00:47:07,940
this civil repression that is going to be for the rich people the rich farmers and also for

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00:47:07,940 --> 00:47:13,360
communist people communist people that they are leaders of the party that they are against

457
00:47:13,360 --> 00:47:18,920
Stalin and his dictatorship. Why these leaders are going to be against Stalinism, against this

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00:47:18,920 --> 00:47:24,480
personal dictatorship? Because they know and they see that this dictatorship is against the

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principles of the Bolshevik revolution, and they truly believe in the Bolshevik revolution.

460
00:47:29,280 --> 00:47:34,619
They didn't carry out a revolution to see Stalin ruling the country, they carried out the revolution

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00:47:34,619 --> 00:47:41,219
to see a communist society. But the problem is, Stalin has started to control the party,

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00:47:41,219 --> 00:47:47,159
and not only the party is controlling the party the economy the poll the the politics so it's

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00:47:47,159 --> 00:47:54,559
controlling everything and he's going to have power enough to kill all these leaders 70 of the

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00:47:54,559 --> 00:48:03,159
leaders that's a lot of course at this this purge at this these trials no one no one inside the

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communist party is going to be against stalin because if they are if they are not dead they are

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00:48:09,280 --> 00:48:15,519
they are fear, they fear to be executed, of course, so that's the idea, he's going to establish this

467
00:48:15,519 --> 00:48:23,519
totalitarian system through severe repression, and finally, he's going to create in 1929 the first

468
00:48:23,519 --> 00:48:30,280
gulags, gulags are concentration camps, okay, they are prison camps, where they are going to help the

469
00:48:30,280 --> 00:48:35,260
opponents, so part of the leaders are going to be here, okay, and they are going to force them to

470
00:48:35,260 --> 00:48:41,940
hard work to hard labor for example these are images of the gulags okay this concentration

471
00:48:41,940 --> 00:48:47,579
camps you see people that they are going to be there just because they are opponents to stalin

472
00:48:47,579 --> 00:48:55,000
okay concentration camps do you remember the nazi concentration camps one interesting fact for you

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00:48:55,000 --> 00:49:04,400
after the second world war the soviet union stalin soviet union was a setting free the europe

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00:49:04,400 --> 00:49:10,719
the eastern europe under control of hitler do you think they are going to destroy the

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00:49:10,719 --> 00:49:15,460
concentration camps no they are going to use them again

476
00:49:15,460 --> 00:49:33,019
so that's the idea in order to

477
00:49:33,019 --> 00:49:41,820
They are, you see, they are in freezing conditions, they are in regions like Siberia, that they

478
00:49:41,820 --> 00:49:48,019
are really far north, that it's frozen there, it's freezing there, so they are going to

479
00:49:48,019 --> 00:49:57,019
be doing hard work just as a punishment to be opposed to or for opposing Stalinism.

480
00:49:57,019 --> 00:50:02,960
Okay, this is another picture of Agulag, you see the different towers in order to control

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00:50:02,960 --> 00:50:08,599
the people that they are going to be living in this camp that is surrounded

482
00:50:08,599 --> 00:50:14,420
by the fence and these are the concentration camps the gulags all the

483
00:50:14,420 --> 00:50:19,820
red dots are gulags as you can see most of them are here in Siberia these are

484
00:50:19,820 --> 00:50:25,820
the hardest one okay and also these ones so what you see is there are a lot of

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00:50:25,820 --> 00:50:33,269
concentration camps because this was a totalitarian regime and with this we end

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00:50:33,269 --> 00:50:40,289
with Stalin and with unit 7. So the idea is this totalitarian system meant a personal dictatorship

487
00:50:40,289 --> 00:50:46,090
and a dictatorship of the communist party but controlled by Stalin. If you want to be a civil

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00:50:46,090 --> 00:50:51,610
servant you must be a party membership, you must be part of the communist party. Second, the communist

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00:50:51,610 --> 00:50:57,130
ideology is going to be expressed through propaganda and also Stalin is going to use

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00:50:57,130 --> 00:51:03,389
severe repression against anyone that is going to oppose him okay it's going to affect all the

491
00:51:03,389 --> 00:51:10,610
society the rich people the rich farmers like kulaks or communist leaders that they are against

492
00:51:10,610 --> 00:51:16,590
stalin why they were against stalin because they knew that this personal dictatorship was against

493
00:51:16,590 --> 00:51:24,570
the principles of the bolshevik revolution finally in 1929 he is going to create this kulaks in order

494
00:51:24,570 --> 00:51:26,469
to send those

495
00:51:26,469 --> 00:51:28,329
persons that they were

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00:51:28,329 --> 00:51:29,590
opposing Stalin

497
00:51:29,590 --> 00:51:32,429
if he had two options

498
00:51:32,429 --> 00:51:34,389
or kill them or send them to the

499
00:51:34,389 --> 00:51:36,449
gulags and that's it

500
00:51:36,449 --> 00:51:38,449
this is the totalitarian

501
00:51:38,449 --> 00:51:39,829
regime of Stalin

502
00:51:39,829 --> 00:51:42,550
a regime that controls the economy

503
00:51:42,550 --> 00:51:43,989
remember the collectivization

504
00:51:43,989 --> 00:51:46,070
that is going to control the politics

505
00:51:46,070 --> 00:51:48,210
because there is only going to be one party

506
00:51:48,210 --> 00:51:49,889
the communist party controlled by Stalin

507
00:51:49,889 --> 00:51:52,429
and the society through this

508
00:51:52,429 --> 00:51:54,130
severe repression and

509
00:51:54,130 --> 00:52:02,010
the propaganda that is going to spread the communist ideology and does it