1 00:00:00,820 --> 00:00:12,820 Hello, everyone. It's a great day today. Are you going out? Good. First, the other day, 2 00:00:13,339 --> 00:00:27,359 we studied matter that comes in three states, right? Solid and liquid and gas. Okay, we 3 00:00:27,359 --> 00:00:39,320 have also studied the properties of material. If it's waterproof, like plastic, right? If I put 4 00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:58,700 water in here, my hand won't be wet, yes? We sew metal, right? Metal. And we sew fabric that was 5 00:00:58,700 --> 00:01:11,459 soft and we saw glass, which is transparent for you to see. Okay, today we're going to see 6 00:01:11,459 --> 00:01:25,319 the types of changes we can make to matter. Okay, I'm going to take this, an elastic band. 7 00:01:25,319 --> 00:01:39,420 Okay? An elastic band is elastic, right? I stretch it, I've changed the shape, right? 8 00:01:40,760 --> 00:01:48,879 He cambiado su forma. I've changed its shape. But it's still an elastic band. 9 00:01:48,879 --> 00:01:57,260 And I can stretch it, and stretch it, and stretch it, as many times as I wish. 10 00:01:57,400 --> 00:02:21,199 Okay. Sorry about that. Okay. Another type of elastic band. I stretch it. Okay. And it's still an elastic band. All right. Now, here we have a sponge. Can I stretch a sponge? 11 00:02:21,199 --> 00:02:32,479 now a sponge is not plastic a sponge is absorbent you remember that but it sucks 12 00:02:32,479 --> 00:02:40,340 the water okay let's see what type of change can I make to this I can put it 13 00:02:40,340 --> 00:02:55,800 in my hand, okay, I've squeezed it, okay, squeeze, esdrujar, squeeze, okay, you can 14 00:02:55,800 --> 00:03:09,159 also squeeze an orange to make orange squash, right, you can make orange juice, okay, so 15 00:03:09,159 --> 00:03:15,900 squeeze, stretch, okay? 16 00:03:17,099 --> 00:03:19,979 I change the shape 17 00:03:19,979 --> 00:03:24,219 of matter, but I don't change 18 00:03:24,219 --> 00:03:27,099 the properties of matter, right? 19 00:03:28,099 --> 00:03:31,419 The sponge is still absorbent. 20 00:03:32,439 --> 00:03:35,919 The elastic band is still elastic, 21 00:03:36,680 --> 00:03:40,120 okay? A cloth 22 00:03:40,120 --> 00:03:48,020 What is a cloth made of? It's made of fabric, right? 23 00:03:48,879 --> 00:03:57,639 Cotton, wool or petroleum. It's soft, okay? It's soft. 24 00:03:57,639 --> 00:04:09,080 What happens if I fold it and fold it and fold it and fold it? 25 00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:22,620 I have changed its shape, but I haven't changed its property, its soft, okay? 26 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:27,750 More changes. 27 00:04:29,290 --> 00:04:35,490 Here I have a piece of paper, okay? 28 00:04:36,370 --> 00:04:37,769 A piece of paper. 29 00:04:37,769 --> 00:04:59,860 I can hold it. Is it still paper? Yes. I can cut it. Still paper, right? I still have paper, okay? 30 00:04:59,860 --> 00:05:15,019 it has not changed its properties. Okay? This ruler is made of plastic. Remember 31 00:05:15,019 --> 00:05:28,620 that we studied that plastic could be rigid, right? Like this. Or it could be 32 00:05:28,620 --> 00:05:38,319 it could be flexible like this one you can bend a ruler okay you can bend it 33 00:05:38,319 --> 00:05:51,220 you can bend your arm you bend your arm you bend your fingers right you bend 34 00:05:51,220 --> 00:06:00,980 your neck right but your neck it's still your neck your fingers they're still your fingers 35 00:06:00,980 --> 00:06:17,459 and your arms still your arms okay maybe bone and muscle and skin and blood okay still it right okay 36 00:06:21,220 --> 00:06:41,980 What's this, okay? It's a piece of wood, okay? What happens if I stretch it? Still the same, right? Still wood. 37 00:06:41,980 --> 00:06:49,579 What happens if I fly heat? 38 00:06:52,240 --> 00:06:52,439 Okay? 39 00:06:58,040 --> 00:06:59,959 Don't do this at home. 40 00:07:12,949 --> 00:07:20,250 Words, as you can see, it has disappeared. 41 00:07:21,129 --> 00:07:30,889 It has turned to ashes. 42 00:07:30,889 --> 00:07:32,290 Okay? 43 00:07:32,290 --> 00:07:50,850 Okay, so is this wood? Is this wood? No, no. We have another type of substance. We have new matter with new properties. 44 00:07:50,850 --> 00:08:01,949 Okay, so when we apply heat, sometimes we have a permanent change. 45 00:08:03,170 --> 00:08:06,529 We can't turn it back, right? 46 00:08:07,170 --> 00:08:09,269 We cannot turn it back. 47 00:08:10,589 --> 00:08:15,029 When you cut paper, you cannot turn it back. 48 00:08:16,430 --> 00:08:18,629 But it is still paper. 49 00:08:18,629 --> 00:08:30,269 What happens when you take an ice cube, un cubito de agua, and you leave it in a glass? 50 00:08:31,930 --> 00:08:36,570 It melts and turns to liquid, right? 51 00:08:37,769 --> 00:08:38,250 Okay. 52 00:08:39,309 --> 00:08:41,769 Have we changed the shape? 53 00:08:42,970 --> 00:08:43,389 Yes. 54 00:08:43,389 --> 00:08:46,970 Have we changed the matter? 55 00:08:46,970 --> 00:09:05,879 No. Remember, when we apply heat, for example, butter. Butter comes in a solid stack, right? 56 00:09:06,500 --> 00:09:17,100 If you leave it outside, it will become liquid. If you cool it again, saline-free ice, the 57 00:09:17,100 --> 00:09:30,379 normal, you will have solid butter again. Now, take an egg or tell your mom to take 58 00:09:30,379 --> 00:09:43,269 an egg. Crack it open. Okay. Put it in a frying pan. Cook it. You have a fried egg, 59 00:09:43,269 --> 00:09:58,580 right? It has turned from liquid raw egg to cooked solid egg. If we cool it, will it be liquid again? 60 00:10:03,590 --> 00:10:20,120 I don't think so, right? That is a permanent change, but still an egg. Let's take the paper, 61 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:50,539 okay what happens if i burn the paper is it still paper despite now it has disappeared and we cannot 62 00:10:50,539 --> 00:11:07,279 turn it back okay so with this two things don't play with this this is not 63 00:11:07,279 --> 00:11:15,220 a toy okay no if you want to play with it or if you want to make experiments 64 00:11:15,220 --> 00:11:26,759 ask your dad or ask your mom to do it for you okay don't play with fire we can 65 00:11:26,759 --> 00:11:40,340 have changes where you change the shape okay you cut it you change the shape you 66 00:11:40,340 --> 00:11:54,659 you fold it, you change the shape. You bend it, you change the shape. You stretch it, 67 00:11:54,659 --> 00:12:11,639 you change the shape. You fold it, you change the shape. You squeeze it, and you change 68 00:12:11,639 --> 00:12:30,169 shape, okay? But you don't change its properties, okay? You burn it and you turn it into a new 69 00:12:30,169 --> 00:13:05,529 substance with new properties, okay? One more time. Cut, fold, squeeze, stretch, bend, okay? 70 00:13:05,929 --> 00:13:12,230 They change the shape, but they don't change the matter. 71 00:13:17,309 --> 00:13:27,370 Heat or fire can change matter permanently, okay? 72 00:13:27,870 --> 00:13:30,090 We cannot undo that. 73 00:13:30,090 --> 00:13:49,389 El fuego, el calor, puede cambiar las cosas de forma temporal, como en el cubito de hielo que se vuelve agua, o puede propiciar cambios permanentes, como por ejemplo, cuando quemas madera. 74 00:13:50,210 --> 00:13:54,210 Ya no tienes madera, tienes una sustancia nueva. 75 00:13:54,210 --> 00:14:00,970 Okay, now do your exercises, okay?