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1902. Alfonso XIII, son of Alfonso XII, was proclamated king.

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During his reign, social and political conflicts in Spain happened.

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Strikers organized by labor unions took place due to the poor working conditions.

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The nationalists in Catalonia, Galicia and País Vasco demanded more autonomy.

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And the war in Morocco where many Spanish soldiers died and Spain lost territories in North Africa.

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There were many conflicts between workers and employers.

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Employers hired mercancy to take down the leaders of the workers.

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And the workers attacked the nobility and the bureaucracy.

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King Alfonso XIII was shot with a bomb.

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This period is known as Epoca del Pistolerismo.

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Taking advantage of the social and political conflicts, General Primo de Rivera led a coup in 1923.

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In a coup, a person or a group takes control of a government by force.

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Primo de Rivera established a military dictatorship.

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He assumed all the powers of the state.

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He abolished the constitution.

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He banned all the political parties.

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He also banned all the labor unions, limited the freedoms and limited the freedoms of the citizens.

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The King's Alfonso XIII supported Primo de Rivera, but he was not part of the government.

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Primo de Rivera won the war with Morocco and many roads, railways and other public courts were built under his rule.

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But the population opposed his dictatorship and demanded for more freedom.

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In 1930, Primo de Rivera lost the support from the king, as there was a lot of corruption

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and he had to resign.

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The general elections were held in 1931.

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The political parties that support a republic and Juan Alfonso XIII went to France into

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exile.