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Hello, boys and girls. Well, we are going to explain briefly what the 8th century was.

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As you may remember, we come from here, from the War of Succession, as Carlos II died without any children.

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So after the War of Succession, there was the Treaty of Utrecht, in which the terms of what territories Spain lost were written.

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so now we change the century we start the 18th century so the year is um 1700 okay so a new

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family is in the power it's the bourbon dynasty los borbones they are in the power till nowadays

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as felipe the sixth the ray and the king so the king that we have nowadays is still a bourbon

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So these are the three kings from the Bourbon family that were ruling during the 18th century.

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The first one was Felipe V, called El Animoso, and the best features of its kingdom were that he increased the power of the king,

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he extended the palace of Aranjuez, and he died with his own tongue, and he was married with Isabel de Farnesio.

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And if you remember, I told you that she was very, very powerful, a very powerful girl, woman.

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She controlled everything.

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She had even more power than Felipe V.

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And she didn't want Fernando to be the king.

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But anyway, she had a problem because later on, after some years passed, Fernando VI, called El Prudente, became the king of Spain.

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He was called El Prudente because he didn't want any wars with any countries because he realized that Spain was in a big, big crisis.

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So the years of its kingdom can be defined for that they were very peaceful, economic recovery, that he created the Catastro.

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And if you remember the Catastro, as I told you, it's an organism that controls what things are in a country.

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He was married with Bárbara de Braganza, a Portuguese woman.

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She was extremely smart.

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And thus, he lost his mind when Bárbara de Braganza died, okay?

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He had no sons or daughters like Carlos II, but it was a different situation

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because Fernando VI achieved having no wars.

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So, Carlos III was the following king, and he was, as you can see here, Carlos III was Fernando VI's brother, and he was called El Político, because if you may remember, he was considered as the mayor of Madrid, because he imposed education and he created some very good things for Madrid,

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like the Jardín Botánico, Palacio Real, La Puerta de Alcalá,

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the fountains of Cibeles Amnetuno, and especially the sewage system.

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Remember the expression, agua va.

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There was no sewage system until Carlos III was reigning, okay?

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And during all this period, the 18th century movement,

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thinking movement that was called La Ilustración,

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was a current.

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It was not an artistic movement, okay?

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It was about thinking, reason over religion.

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So thinking better than praying to God.

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Science over everything else, okay?

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So giving explanations to all the phenomena that exist,

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not only saying that it was God's hand that was in control.

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jovellanos was the perfect example of a figure of la ilustración and we can tell we can speak

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about despotismo ilustrado that was the way de bourbon sur todo por el pueblo pero sin el pueblo

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this is esto es una manera de decir que básicamente hacían lo que el pueblo necesitaba pero sin que

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el pueblo se intrometiera en la manera de reinar de acuerdo en these ideas the ideas of the

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illustration they led in france to the french revolution that we are going to see it in sixth

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grade so now let's move on to south america what about south america as i have told you spain was

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in control of most of the part of south america and he and spain had the control of the commerce

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between south america and europe england was quite jealous all the country was jealous because

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they wanted to control the commerce as they had most of the parts of north america they wanted

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south america as well so the commerce was like this boats come and go fully loaded with gold

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gems and spices

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oro plata piedras preciosas y especias eso era con lo que se comerciaba entonces como os he

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comentado había una flota de barcos que tenía que controlar la seguridad de ese comercio but

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there were the pirates pirates of the caribbean as i told you as you may know los piratas del

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caribe they were boats that most of them were paid by the kings of england kings of uh they

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were dutch and they were french as well they were paid by them to um board the boats and take all

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the things that were valuable and most of them worked in this sea in the caribbean sea okay

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that's why the famous movie is called pirates of the caribbean okay so as i told you there were

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a big rivalry between

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Spain and England.

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We had many big wars, like for example

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this one, Guerra de las Armadas

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in the 16th century,

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this one, Guerra del Designio

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Occidental in the 17th century,

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and finally, the one that I like

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the most, La Guerra de la Oreja de Jenkins.

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And here you have a summary.

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As I told you this morning,

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Robert Jenkins, he was a smuggler.

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Juan Fandinho,

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one of the generals of the

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army, of the Spanish army,

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capture him and cut his ear.

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Y le dijo la frase que os he comentado esta mañana.

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Dile a tu rey que lo mismo le haré si lo mismo se atreve.

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So Jenkins went back to England and showed the ear to the king.

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So now England had a reason to start a war with Spain.

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So they declared the war.

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And the first thing they did is bombing Portobello.

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Portobello was one of the main ports in South America.

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and sent the Almirante Vernon to conquer Cartagena de Indias.

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If you remember, si os acordáis, el Almirante Vernon es el que os he dicho

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que era un flipado, que era un presumido

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y que fue el que dijo que iba a conquistar Cartagena de Indias,

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mandó a acuñar las monedas, una vez que llevó a Cartagena de Indias

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fue el que mandó un correo, un barco con un correo hacia Inglaterra

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para decir que ya habían ganado, cuando en realidad era mentira.

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y aquí tenemos al héroe al que le plantó cara don blas de lezo y la barrieta el medio hombre

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como se contó esta mañana perdió una pierna perdió un ojo perdió la movilidad de un brazo

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en diferentes batallas en los diferentes sitios de barcelona en la defensa de santa catalina y

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todo esto a una edad muy muy muy temprana y su frase más conocida todo buen español debe mear

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en dirección a Inglaterra. Sé que esto os va a gustar.

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So, the main stories, as you can

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see here, sitio de Barcelona,

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la historia que os he contado de la paja seca

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que le prendió fuego para crear cortinas de humo,

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Génova, el cobro

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de la deuda de Génova, y sobre todo

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la defensa de Cartagena de Indias.

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So, you have here a brief summary.

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Vernon,

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con una de las mayores flotas jamás

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puestas a disposición de un almirante

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para poder

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conquistar un terreno,

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against Blas de Arezo, who only had six boats, six boats,

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and a tenth of the men, less than a tenth.

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In the end, he managed to repel him to the attack

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and he even managed to prevent the King of England

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from talking about the defeat in Cartagena de Indias.

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And well, this is a small summary of the 18th century.

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If you have any type of doubt,

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well, you know where I am.

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Bye, a hug, ciao, ciao.

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Thank you.