1 00:00:00,300 --> 00:00:08,199 In social science, we are learning about the Middle Ages, which are also known as the Medieval Times. 2 00:00:08,939 --> 00:00:21,320 The Middle Ages is the era of castles, kings and queens, rich people who had a lot of money, and poor people who didn't have a lot of money. 3 00:00:23,519 --> 00:00:26,460 When did the Middle Ages start and end? 4 00:00:26,460 --> 00:00:36,109 The Middle Ages was a long period that lasted 10 centuries. 5 00:00:36,670 --> 00:00:39,090 That's 1,000 years. 6 00:00:39,829 --> 00:00:45,770 They started in 476 after death with the fall of the Roman Empire 7 00:00:45,770 --> 00:00:53,090 and ended in 1492 after death with the discovery of America, the continent. 8 00:00:53,090 --> 00:01:00,280 What was the main religion in Europe in the Middle Ages? 9 00:01:01,119 --> 00:01:03,500 The main religion was Christianity. 10 00:01:04,439 --> 00:01:09,780 People believed in just one God, that was the Father of Jesus Christ. 11 00:01:14,129 --> 00:01:17,790 How was life in the Christian kingdoms in the Middle Ages? 12 00:01:18,750 --> 00:01:23,730 Society was divided into different levels, as you can see in this pyramid. 13 00:01:23,730 --> 00:01:31,510 at the top there was the king who lived in castle and was the most important and powerful person 14 00:01:31,510 --> 00:01:38,530 and ruled over the territory below the king there were the nobles they were also important people 15 00:01:38,530 --> 00:01:46,530 and rich people who lived in castles they had knights that protected and defended them 16 00:01:46,530 --> 00:01:56,030 below nobles there were the peasants they worked on the nobles land in exchange for protection 17 00:01:56,030 --> 00:02:04,430 so they gave all the products they got to the nobles and the nobles protected them in return 18 00:02:04,430 --> 00:02:15,020 in the christian kingdoms people built churches that were very important places as well as priests 19 00:02:15,020 --> 00:02:26,310 they also built monasteries where monks lived during the middle ages there were many wars 20 00:02:26,310 --> 00:02:37,530 and knights were who protected and defended the kings they participated in tournaments 21 00:02:37,530 --> 00:02:46,949 to demonstrate that they were the best knights of all as you can see here there is a knight 22 00:02:46,949 --> 00:02:56,050 who is riding a horse and is participating in a tournament he's going to fight against another knight 23 00:02:56,050 --> 00:03:06,530 and finally he wins he's the best knight as i said before kings and queens and nobles lived 24 00:03:06,530 --> 00:03:15,550 in castles they were situated on high land that helped them to be protected as they could see 25 00:03:15,550 --> 00:03:23,650 into far distances in case enemies appeared castles were also protected by walls 26 00:03:23,650 --> 00:03:39,599 during the middle ages there were two big religions christianity as i told you before 27 00:03:39,599 --> 00:03:48,080 and the islam the christians fought against the muslims who came from north africa 28 00:03:48,080 --> 00:03:50,780 and whose religion was Islam. 29 00:03:51,419 --> 00:03:54,099 They believed in one God, that was Allah. 30 00:03:55,419 --> 00:04:00,199 Christians and Muslims fought for many years. 31 00:04:01,139 --> 00:04:04,500 And Muslims came to the Iberian Peninsula. 32 00:04:04,979 --> 00:04:09,379 They got to conquer the south of the Iberian Peninsula, 33 00:04:09,759 --> 00:04:11,960 which they called Al-Andalus. 34 00:04:13,180 --> 00:04:17,319 But, as you can see, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, 35 00:04:17,319 --> 00:04:20,319 there were still small groups of Christians 36 00:04:20,319 --> 00:04:23,759 so they lived together for some years 37 00:04:23,759 --> 00:04:26,720 in the middle 80s 38 00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:28,319 there were medieval markets 39 00:04:28,319 --> 00:04:31,500 where merchants traded 40 00:04:31,500 --> 00:04:33,060 what's trade? 41 00:04:33,639 --> 00:04:37,160 that is to buy and sell products 42 00:04:37,160 --> 00:04:39,920 so merchants also 43 00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:42,360 sold their animal products 44 00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:46,920 behind this woman you see 45 00:04:46,920 --> 00:04:57,819 the places the stands of artisans and artisans were people who made products by hand so they 46 00:04:57,819 --> 00:05:09,500 sold their handmade products like pots bowls glasses even bread in muslim in the muslim 47 00:05:09,500 --> 00:05:16,459 kingdoms people built mosques that were divine places where the muslims prayed 48 00:05:16,459 --> 00:05:21,180 and they also built beautiful palaces 49 00:05:21,180 --> 00:05:23,579 where important Muslims lived 50 00:05:23,579 --> 00:05:26,899 such as Alhambra in Granada 51 00:05:26,899 --> 00:05:29,740 in 1492 52 00:05:29,740 --> 00:05:33,000 the small groups of Christians 53 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:36,399 that lived in the north of the Iberian Peninsula 54 00:05:36,399 --> 00:05:39,899 slowly conquered the south 55 00:05:39,899 --> 00:05:41,439 that was the Al-Andalus 56 00:05:41,439 --> 00:05:45,939 they conquered the last kingdom 57 00:05:45,939 --> 00:05:53,959 that was granada and that is the reconquista it happened in 1492 and it was the end of the 58 00:05:53,959 --> 00:06:03,860 muslin kingdom it was also the end of the middle ages so we learned several new words like nobles 59 00:06:03,860 --> 00:06:13,060 who were important and rich people who lived in castles and who had knights knights were the 60 00:06:13,060 --> 00:06:15,060 people who protected and defended 61 00:06:15,060 --> 00:06:17,100 the nobles and the kings 62 00:06:17,100 --> 00:06:19,019 peasant 63 00:06:19,019 --> 00:06:20,879 a peasant was a person 64 00:06:20,879 --> 00:06:23,000 who worked on the land of the 65 00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:24,339 nobles, they were 66 00:06:24,339 --> 00:06:25,860 poor people 67 00:06:25,860 --> 00:06:28,959 a church, a church is a divine 68 00:06:28,959 --> 00:06:31,019 place where Christians go 69 00:06:31,019 --> 00:06:32,139 to pray 70 00:06:32,139 --> 00:06:34,959 pray is to 71 00:06:34,959 --> 00:06:36,379 talk to God 72 00:06:36,379 --> 00:06:39,019 a priest is a 73 00:06:39,019 --> 00:06:40,720 representation of God 74 00:06:40,720 --> 00:06:41,720 on earth 75 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:50,480 a monastery is a divine place where monks lived and live 76 00:06:50,480 --> 00:06:55,519 and monks are religious people who live in monasteries forever 77 00:06:55,519 --> 00:07:02,740 a tournament is a battle or a sport game like a chess tournament 78 00:07:02,740 --> 00:07:07,019 conquer is to take control over a territory 79 00:07:07,019 --> 00:07:18,620 a mosque is a divine place where muslims go to pray a merchant is a person who trades 80 00:07:18,620 --> 00:07:28,079 and who buys and sells products and an artisan is a person who makes products by hand 81 00:07:29,019 --> 00:07:37,899 like pots glasses bowls bread and they sell their handmade products so this is it i hope 82 00:07:37,899 --> 00:07:43,300 you liked the session. Now you can write and draw the new words in your little notebooks. 83 00:07:44,019 --> 00:07:45,079 See you later, alligators!