1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,259 Good morning everyone, my name is Ángel León and today I will talk about the telephone. 2 00:00:04,900 --> 00:00:10,039 The telephone, which was first known as a teletrophone, is a very present invention in our current society. 3 00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:15,019 In fact, it is very useful and many people have both landline and mobile phones. 4 00:00:15,800 --> 00:00:20,640 In fact, thanks to it, we can communicate at a distance and it has also improved our social communication. 5 00:00:21,399 --> 00:00:22,500 But, what is a telephone? 6 00:00:23,039 --> 00:00:29,179 The telephone is a telecommunication device created to transmit acoustic signals by means of electrical signals. 7 00:00:29,780 --> 00:00:31,480 But all this at a distance. 8 00:00:31,940 --> 00:00:33,859 But don't worry because I will explain this later. 9 00:00:34,939 --> 00:00:37,600 The telephone was invented by the Italian Antonio Mucci, 10 00:00:38,140 --> 00:00:40,679 who in 1854 built his first prototype, 11 00:00:41,280 --> 00:00:44,880 although he did not finance his patent due to many financial problems, 12 00:00:44,880 --> 00:00:48,219 and he just presented a brief description of his invention 13 00:00:48,219 --> 00:00:52,259 in the United States Patent Office in 1871. 14 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:55,619 But how did he realize of this invention? 15 00:00:55,619 --> 00:01:07,620 Because Mucci wanted to build a machine to connect his office, which was on the ground floor of his house, with his bedroom, which was located on the second floor of his house. 16 00:01:07,620 --> 00:01:11,620 And all this because his wife was immobilized by an illness. 17 00:01:11,620 --> 00:01:24,620 And also, this invention was formally patented in 1876 because of these financial problems he had and these by Alexander Graham Bell. 18 00:01:24,620 --> 00:01:30,620 Here you have a picture of the telephone. This is the analog one, because there are two types. 19 00:01:30,620 --> 00:01:40,620 The most important part of this telephone is the telephone receiver, which is going to transform the electricity into sound and then the sound back to electricity. 20 00:01:40,620 --> 00:01:45,620 But how? This is thanks to the microphone, for example. 21 00:01:45,620 --> 00:01:55,700 When you talk, you produce sound waves, and these sound waves make this piece of here, which is called the diaphragm, vibrate. 22 00:01:55,700 --> 00:02:02,120 This is because it's a really thin piece, and then, when it vibrates, this vibration 23 00:02:02,120 --> 00:02:07,319 also makes the other piece, which is the electric microphone, vibrate as well, and as this last 24 00:02:07,319 --> 00:02:13,580 one is connected to the whole telephone, the electricity, by a cooper wire, these vibrations, 25 00:02:13,580 --> 00:02:20,379 these sound waves that you produce, will be converted into electrical vibrations, and 26 00:02:20,379 --> 00:02:26,659 And then, they will pass through an amplification and travelling process by this. 27 00:02:26,659 --> 00:02:33,199 In here, they will be amplified and then they will travel across the microprocessor, with 28 00:02:33,199 --> 00:02:36,259 all the information and the target person will be processed. 29 00:02:36,259 --> 00:02:42,560 And finally, they will pass all through the telephone network by these cables. 30 00:02:42,560 --> 00:02:47,580 And then, the other person will hear what you have just said, and this is thanks to 31 00:02:47,580 --> 00:02:52,039 the sound speaker, which is just the opposite of the microphone. When the 32 00:02:52,039 --> 00:02:57,460 electrical vibration that you have just produced travels across this 33 00:02:57,460 --> 00:03:02,159 spiral of copper wires, because all this is connected by a copper wire, and this 34 00:03:02,159 --> 00:03:07,800 spiral, the current converts it immediately into 35 00:03:07,800 --> 00:03:13,900 an electromagnet. And, as this big piece is a magnet, the small electromagnet will 36 00:03:13,900 --> 00:03:18,939 be constantly attracted and repelled by the big one and as this one is connected 37 00:03:18,939 --> 00:03:23,139 to another diaphragm which is really thin they will vibrate as they are 38 00:03:23,139 --> 00:03:27,719 attracted and repelled by the other and these vibrations they will be converted 39 00:03:27,719 --> 00:03:31,659 into the sound that as all these vibrations are in the same frequency as 40 00:03:31,659 --> 00:03:35,379 you have just talked the other person will hear exactly what you have just 41 00:03:35,379 --> 00:03:42,020 said and talking about how does the telephone network work we can say that 42 00:03:42,020 --> 00:03:46,780 But when you press the buttons, the switch when checking the telephone receiver, you 43 00:03:46,780 --> 00:03:50,060 immediately connect the whole telephone to the telephone network. 44 00:03:50,060 --> 00:03:56,919 So that the microprocessor can process all the information, the target person, etc. 45 00:03:56,919 --> 00:04:01,300 But there is other type of telephone which is quite new, which is the mobile phone, which 46 00:04:01,300 --> 00:04:05,439 is completely different regarding the other. 47 00:04:05,439 --> 00:04:10,139 What you have first to know that when you turn everything that you say, your mobile 48 00:04:10,139 --> 00:04:13,479 phone interprets it as zero and one system. 49 00:04:13,479 --> 00:04:16,139 And the mobile phone immediately transforms it 50 00:04:16,139 --> 00:04:21,139 into electromagnetic waves that the nearby antenna, 51 00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:24,620 depending where you are, will catch 52 00:04:24,620 --> 00:04:27,379 all these electromagnetic waves. 53 00:04:27,379 --> 00:04:29,959 And these ones will be immediately transformed 54 00:04:29,959 --> 00:04:32,040 into pulses of light. 55 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:34,519 This one will travel to the other antenna 56 00:04:34,519 --> 00:04:37,939 by these optical fiber wires, 57 00:04:37,939 --> 00:04:40,019 which are underground or under the sea. 58 00:04:41,079 --> 00:04:44,459 And then they will travel until the other antenna 59 00:04:44,459 --> 00:04:46,120 where the other person is. 60 00:04:46,120 --> 00:04:49,560 And finally, the pulses of light will be transformed back 61 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:51,759 into electromagnetic waves, 62 00:04:51,759 --> 00:04:56,439 which will be the signal that the other person will hear. 63 00:04:56,439 --> 00:04:58,060 But you may be asking, 64 00:04:58,060 --> 00:05:01,779 how does my mobile phone know where the other person is? 65 00:05:01,779 --> 00:05:04,040 This is thanks to the MSD. 66 00:05:04,040 --> 00:05:06,779 The MSD is the mobile switch incentive, 67 00:05:06,779 --> 00:05:11,379 and it's where all the mobile phone data is accumulated. 68 00:05:11,379 --> 00:05:12,899 When the pulses of light travel 69 00:05:12,899 --> 00:05:15,660 by these optical fiber wires, 70 00:05:15,660 --> 00:05:20,660 they fairly go to the MST of your data, of where you are. 71 00:05:20,839 --> 00:05:24,160 And then the call request will be sent 72 00:05:24,160 --> 00:05:26,399 to the MST of the other person, 73 00:05:26,399 --> 00:05:28,319 of the data of the other person. 74 00:05:28,319 --> 00:05:31,360 And then the MST of the other person will locate him 75 00:05:31,360 --> 00:05:35,240 and even send the call request by the optical fiber wires, 76 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:38,879 and then the pulses of light will be transformed 77 00:05:38,879 --> 00:05:41,540 into this signal that the other person will hear. 78 00:05:42,639 --> 00:05:47,639 So in conclusion, the telephone is a really useful invention 79 00:05:49,259 --> 00:05:50,759 that has been developed in a way 80 00:05:50,759 --> 00:05:53,139 that allows better communication for all us. 81 00:05:53,139 --> 00:05:55,060 It is true that the analog telephone 82 00:05:55,060 --> 00:05:57,079 is not as used as in the last century, 83 00:05:57,079 --> 00:05:59,300 but both models, the analog and mobile phone, 84 00:05:59,300 --> 00:06:02,139 are really useful, and thanks to them, 85 00:06:02,139 --> 00:06:05,000 we can communicate with everyone, everywhere. 86 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:05,699 Thank you for listening.