1 00:00:04,719 --> 00:00:19,719 Food please! Food! I'm hungry! Please food! Food! 2 00:00:19,719 --> 00:00:29,989 I'm one of the 265 sailors of the Now Victoria and we are on a great voyage. 3 00:00:29,989 --> 00:00:35,990 Three years later, we return to Cadiz, eating hungry survivors. 4 00:00:35,990 --> 00:00:45,990 Hello, I am Juan Sebastian Elcano, and I am the new captain. I complete the first circumnavigation of the Earth. 5 00:00:47,390 --> 00:00:52,990 Unit 8, Part 1, The Discovery of America, The Reign of the Catholic Monarchs. 6 00:00:53,270 --> 00:00:54,990 The Catholic Monarchs. 7 00:00:55,909 --> 00:01:01,530 We conquered Granada, the Canary Islands, and the Kingdom of Navarre. 8 00:01:01,530 --> 00:01:09,530 We gained the Kingdom of Naples in Italy and we also conquered Melilla and other small territories. 9 00:01:10,530 --> 00:01:22,530 The Catholic Monarchs conquered Granada in 1492, the Canary Islands in 1496 and the Kingdom of Navarre in 1512. 10 00:01:22,530 --> 00:01:46,950 Discoverer of America. In the 15th century, people thought that the world was flat. But Christopher Columbus was convincing that the world was round. America was put to prove that those lands were a new continent. The new continent was called America. 11 00:01:46,950 --> 00:01:50,390 Unit A. 12 00:01:50,390 --> 00:01:56,390 Consequence of the discovery of America. World trade increased. 13 00:01:56,390 --> 00:02:02,390 The Spanish brought large amounts of gold and silver to Europe from America. 14 00:02:02,390 --> 00:02:09,389 Europe brought coffee and horses to America. 15 00:02:09,389 --> 00:02:19,689 This is why most of South America is Spanish-speaking and Catholic. 16 00:02:22,419 --> 00:02:32,599 In the 15th century, many people thought the world was flat. 17 00:02:33,099 --> 00:02:39,039 Europeans only had information about Europe, North Africa and part of Asia. 18 00:02:39,460 --> 00:02:43,319 Christopher Columbus was convinced that the world was round. 19 00:02:43,319 --> 00:02:48,319 Columbus discovered the American continent in 1392. 20 00:02:48,319 --> 00:02:52,319 The discovery of America had many consequences. 21 00:02:52,319 --> 00:03:05,449 Spain conquered and became the most powerful empire in Europe. 22 00:03:05,449 --> 00:03:16,449 The Spanish robbed new products, animals and plants, such as tobacco, cocoa, tomatoes and potatoes. 23 00:03:16,449 --> 00:03:22,949 The Spanish observed the language and the religion. 24 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:38,300 I am the Aztecs from the valley of New Mexico. 25 00:03:38,639 --> 00:03:43,099 I am a Mayan of the present-day Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras. 26 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:45,020 Aztecs were polytheists. 27 00:03:45,419 --> 00:03:46,879 Mayans were polytheists. 28 00:03:47,800 --> 00:03:51,740 Our capital was the Tecnotzitlán. 29 00:03:51,740 --> 00:03:54,479 Our capital was Chichepitza. 30 00:03:55,599 --> 00:04:00,599 The Mayans were especially advanced in mathematics and astronomy. 31 00:04:03,599 --> 00:04:18,600 Incas were a pro-Columbian civilization. 32 00:04:18,600 --> 00:04:24,600 They lived in present-day Peru, Ecuador and a part of Bolivia. 33 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:27,600 They were polytheistic. 34 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:30,600 They worshipped the sun and the moon. 35 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:36,600 They believed that their emperor was the son of the sun god. 36 00:04:36,600 --> 00:04:52,259 I'm Hernan Cortes. I conquered Aztec Empire and Mayan cities between 1519 and 1521. 37 00:04:54,699 --> 00:04:55,699 Unit 8 38 00:04:56,699 --> 00:04:59,699 I'm Francisco Pizarro. I conquered the Inca Empire. 39 00:05:00,699 --> 00:05:05,439 Government 40 00:05:06,439 --> 00:05:09,439 America was divided into two vice royalties. 41 00:05:09,439 --> 00:05:23,439 The new Spain was royalty, which was over here, in New York, and the Peru was royalty, which was here. 42 00:05:23,439 --> 00:05:29,639 Economy 43 00:05:29,639 --> 00:05:42,199 Spanish people mined gold and silver. 44 00:05:42,199 --> 00:05:43,199 Society 45 00:05:43,199 --> 00:05:51,199 Spanish people were in high places at work and owned very large lands. 46 00:05:52,199 --> 00:05:53,199 Bye bye! 47 00:05:54,199 --> 00:05:58,199 The Mestizos were born from native mothers and Spanish fathers. 48 00:05:58,199 --> 00:06:02,199 Some had important jobs, others lived in poverty. 49 00:06:02,199 --> 00:06:05,199 The Native Americans were generally treated badly. 50 00:06:05,199 --> 00:06:09,199 People were brought from Africa to work as slaves. 51 00:06:09,199 --> 00:06:21,160 The House of Trade, Casa de Contratación, was set up in Seville in 1503. It granted the city the exclusive right to trade with the New World. 52 00:06:21,160 --> 00:06:24,160 The reign of Charles I. 53 00:06:24,360 --> 00:06:39,439 Okay, Charles I. And for my paternal grandparents, I inherit the territories of Germany, France and Netherlands. 54 00:06:40,579 --> 00:07:00,819 And from maternal grandparents I inherit the territories of Italy, North Africa, and South Africa. I caused two rebellions, but I'm the king of Spain, but I don't know the language in this. 55 00:07:00,819 --> 00:07:21,819 Señorito! What? But what language does he speak? Oh my God! There are two rebellions! There are two rebellions! Because I increased the taxes! 56 00:07:22,819 --> 00:07:27,819 I am a matrimonial grandmother called Charles I. 57 00:07:27,819 --> 00:07:41,579 The reign of Philip II. In 50-56, Philip II became king of Spain. He adapted the territories in America, Africa and Asia. 58 00:07:41,579 --> 00:07:53,579 In 1518, he became king of Portugal. In 50-57, he defeated the French in the Battle of San Quentin. 59 00:07:53,579 --> 00:08:08,680 In 1571 he defeated the Thracians in the Battle of Lepanto. Philip II fought a long war against the Netherlands, who wanted independence. 60 00:08:08,680 --> 00:08:14,680 The Indies supported the Netherlands in this war. 61 00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:29,680 In 1588 Philip II tried to invade England with a fleet of ships called the Amara. 62 00:08:29,680 --> 00:08:33,740 England defeated the Amara.