1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:07,000 The Baroque 2 00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:14,000 The Baroque flourished at the end of the Renaissance. 3 00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:25,000 It makes reference to the convoluted and irregular, to the ornate and exuberant, contrasted with the harmony, balance and symmetry typical of the Renaissance. 4 00:00:25,000 --> 00:00:31,000 From Rome, it rapidly spread across Italy and Europe, reaching the territories of America. 5 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:38,000 In religious art, grandiosity is sought so that man feels diminished before the divine, 6 00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:45,000 while in civil art, absolute monarchies use it to express the power of the state through urbanism, 7 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:48,000 with grand palaces, squares and gardens. 8 00:00:48,000 --> 00:01:01,340 In Baroque architecture, the human scale is used as an expression of absolute power. 9 00:01:01,340 --> 00:01:06,079 The floors of the buildings adopt elliptical and mixtilinear forms. 10 00:01:06,079 --> 00:01:10,640 They employ solomonic columns, ornate shafts and pilasters. 11 00:01:10,640 --> 00:01:17,740 It is made up of concave and convex façades with small porticos and large doorways. 12 00:01:17,739 --> 00:01:24,859 the domes, arches, criss-cross and corbel arches were built. The adornment is even more intense. 13 00:01:25,579 --> 00:01:32,140 The materials used in the interiors are luxurious. Light plays an important role in bringing 14 00:01:32,140 --> 00:01:38,599 attention to the central part of the work. He was a realist and naturalist artist who sought 15 00:01:38,599 --> 00:01:44,280 the theatricality of the ensemble with a predominance of the curvilinear and the undulating, 16 00:01:44,280 --> 00:01:51,239 transmitting emotion and sentiment. Due to the economic crisis that swept Spain 17 00:01:51,239 --> 00:01:57,000 in the 17th century, poor materials were used, such as stone originating from the 18 00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:04,020 Mudeja tradition and cobalt timber domes covered in plaster were erected. We can 19 00:02:04,020 --> 00:02:09,560 identify three stages in Spanish Baroque architecture. 20 00:02:09,560 --> 00:02:19,599 The first stage presents a herrarian style, austere and modest, like that exhibited by 21 00:02:19,599 --> 00:02:26,460 the urbanist centre of Lerma in Burgos, or the Plaza Mayor and the Casa de la Villa City 22 00:02:26,460 --> 00:02:28,740 Hall, Madrid. 23 00:02:28,740 --> 00:02:37,120 Also from this stage are the Casón del Buen Retiro and the collegiate church of San Isidro. 24 00:02:37,120 --> 00:02:47,379 The second stage has a more decorative architecture with better movement. 25 00:02:47,379 --> 00:02:53,200 It has its center of influence in Andalusia where the works of Alonso Cano in Granada 26 00:02:53,200 --> 00:03:03,280 and Leonardo de Figueroa in Seville stand out. 27 00:03:03,280 --> 00:03:09,180 In the third stage, characterized by the lavish adornment of buildings, strong regional connotations 28 00:03:09,180 --> 00:03:11,840 are presented. 29 00:03:11,840 --> 00:03:16,759 In the Castilian Baroque, the works of the Churriguera family stand out in Salamanca 30 00:03:16,759 --> 00:03:22,080 and Madrid, and those of Pedro Rivera also in Madrid. 31 00:03:22,080 --> 00:03:29,719 In Toledo, Narciso Tomé erected El Transparente in the cathedral, where he combines architecture, 32 00:03:29,719 --> 00:03:32,259 sculpture and painting. 33 00:03:32,259 --> 00:03:37,979 In the Galician Baroque, the façade of the Obradoiro of the Santiago Cathedral stands 34 00:03:37,979 --> 00:03:39,079 out. 35 00:03:39,079 --> 00:03:44,179 In the Eastern Spanish Baroque, we find the façades of Valencia Cathedral and the palace 36 00:03:44,179 --> 00:03:51,639 of the Marquis of Dos Aguas, now Rococo, and the façade of Murcia Cathedral. 37 00:03:51,639 --> 00:03:57,459 With the reign of Philip V, the Royal Palace of Madrid and the Palace of La Granja of San 38 00:03:57,460 --> 00:04:05,719 El Defonso in Segovia were constructed. 39 00:04:05,719 --> 00:04:11,900 The Spanish Baroque sculpture uses religious imagery as a point of reference. 40 00:04:11,900 --> 00:04:17,900 In this area, we can also speak of a Castilian Baroque with Gregorio Fernandez and his work 41 00:04:17,900 --> 00:04:24,680 The Cristo Jacente of El Pardo, where his hands and his face express pure 42 00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:34,120 realism and drama. Juan Martinez de Montañez, Alonso Cano, Juan de Mesa, Pedro de Mena and 43 00:04:34,120 --> 00:04:41,220 sculptor Luisa Roldan, La Roldana, represent the Andalusian school with images that highlight 44 00:04:41,220 --> 00:04:49,620 beauty and delight with bright and vivid colors. And Francisco Saldillo, as a representative of 45 00:04:49,620 --> 00:04:55,420 the Murthian school with clear Neapolitan influence, which marks the transition to the 46 00:04:55,420 --> 00:05:01,040 Rococo. 47 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:08,439 In Baroque painting, much like in other arts, interest is demonstrated via chiaroscuro. 48 00:05:08,439 --> 00:05:10,680 There are two distinguished currents. 49 00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:16,259 The Tenebrism corresponds to the origins of Baroque, its main figures being Caravaggio 50 00:05:16,259 --> 00:05:20,560 and José de Ribera, the Españoletto, the little Spaniard. 51 00:05:21,319 --> 00:05:25,500 The classicism is most centred on the design and placement of the figures 52 00:05:25,500 --> 00:05:30,680 in the centre of the composition without contrasts or exaggerated behaviours. 53 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:35,539 The great master of Baroque painting is Velázquez, 54 00:05:35,539 --> 00:05:43,039 with other great figures such as Subarán, Murillo, Valdés Leal and many others. 55 00:05:46,259 --> 00:05:54,759 Thank you.