1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,960 I'm Francisco Guerrero. I was born on October the 4th, 1528, in Sevilla, Spain. 2 00:00:05,339 --> 00:00:08,400 My parents were called Gonzalo Sánchez Guerrero and Leonor de Burgos. 3 00:00:08,880 --> 00:00:13,519 My brother Pedro taught me music until I was 14 years old, when he left Spain to go to Italy. 4 00:00:14,060 --> 00:00:18,079 The famous composer Cristóbal de Morales continued educating me in Toledo's cathedral. 5 00:00:18,559 --> 00:00:23,199 At 17, I was named conductor in Jaén Cathedral, where I worked for three years, 6 00:00:23,519 --> 00:00:26,320 until I was offered a job as a singer in a church in Sevilla. 7 00:00:26,820 --> 00:00:34,359 My most intense years while perfecting my musical career had been between September of 1545 and August of 1546. 8 00:00:34,780 --> 00:00:42,079 I was in Toledo because I benefited from Morales' stay there as the choir master of Toledo's Cathedral, who had recently arrived from Rome. 9 00:00:42,579 --> 00:00:48,560 I was unsatisfied, though, and as I could not take the position as master to permanence by Fernández de Castilleja, 10 00:00:49,020 --> 00:00:53,079 I got a satisfying result to the competition that took place in Málaga's Cathedral, 11 00:00:53,679 --> 00:00:58,820 place I rejected when I realized that it was prepared by my master, Cristóbal de Morales. 12 00:00:59,479 --> 00:01:04,359 In 1557, I was greeted by Carlos I in his retirement in Yuste. 13 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:08,980 I decided to give him my printed book, which contained motetes and a collection of masses. 14 00:01:08,980 --> 00:01:13,799 Then, in Madrid, I was granted another audience by Felipe II in 1561 15 00:01:13,799 --> 00:01:18,439 to discuss about the edition of my book, Cantico Mariae Virginis. 16 00:01:18,439 --> 00:01:41,340 Afterwards, in 1566, I obtained permission from the Gabriel Law to visit Lisbon and offer to Sebastián of Portugal Liber Primus Misaru, and get some economic help from the regent Cardinal Enrique. In front of Portugal, the monarchs ran out. The book was edited in Paris by Nicolai Duchemin in 1566. It contained four masses to five voices. 17 00:01:41,340 --> 00:01:49,340 Tanta et Immacula, Inter Domines Per Abi, Congratulamini Mihi, Super Flumina Babylonis, and 5 to 4 Voices, 18 00:01:49,340 --> 00:01:57,340 de Beata Virgine, Dormendum Giorno, Inter Vestibulum, Beata Mater, and Pro de Fontes, and attached as appendices, 3 modetes. 19 00:01:57,340 --> 00:02:05,340 In 1570, in front of his musicians and a group of cantors, I took part in the accompanying the entourage of my Archbishop Gaspar, 20 00:02:05,340 --> 00:02:09,900 Cardinal Zuniga went on a trip to Santander to meet Princess Anna, 21 00:02:09,900 --> 00:02:13,979 daughter of the Emperor Maximiliano of Austria and wife of Felipe II. 22 00:02:13,979 --> 00:02:17,740 Their marriage took place in Segovia with a big celebration. 23 00:02:17,740 --> 00:02:21,900 Before I had turned 30, I had already built a reputation and my work, 24 00:02:21,900 --> 00:02:25,740 a collection of motetes, was going to be published abroad. 25 00:02:25,740 --> 00:02:29,900 After Cristóbal Morales' death, I replaced him in Malaga's cathedral. 26 00:02:29,900 --> 00:02:33,740 I started traveling a lot between Portugal and Spain since I had begun to 27 00:02:33,740 --> 00:02:40,020 work for the emperor Maximiliano II and then I spent a year in Italy. In 1588 both of my parents 28 00:02:40,020 --> 00:02:45,039 had died so I decided to visit Holy Land. On my way home I was captured by French pirates 29 00:02:45,039 --> 00:02:51,319 and had to be rescued. I wrote a book in 1590 telling this story and my journey selling my 30 00:02:51,319 --> 00:02:58,120 books in Venice called El Viaje de Yerusalem which is my most relevant work and was reprinted 30 31 00:02:58,120 --> 00:03:03,400 times, the last one in the year 2000. In 1591, I was imprisoned because I had multiple deaths, 32 00:03:03,960 --> 00:03:08,199 but Sevilla's cathedral paid for my release and hired me as the conductor of their choir. 33 00:03:09,240 --> 00:03:16,199 I wrote 17 masses, 2 officio de difuntos, 23 hymns, 105 impressive motetes, and 1 ciclo de 34 00:03:16,199 --> 00:03:21,240 magnificales. I also wrote Canciones Sivillanescas Espirituales, which were published in Venice in 35 00:03:21,240 --> 00:03:26,759 1584. They stood out because they were sacred character works written in the vernacular 36 00:03:26,759 --> 00:03:31,400 language, differentiating them from works of those such as Tomás Luis de Victoria and 37 00:03:31,400 --> 00:03:33,520 Cristóbal de Morales, who only composed in Latin. 38 00:03:35,419 --> 00:03:40,240 Inside of the Canciones y Villanescas Espirituales, which was the name of the whole work, there 39 00:03:40,240 --> 00:03:43,219 was a combination of madrigales, espirituales and villancicos. 40 00:03:43,740 --> 00:03:48,240 In these compositions there was a clear joint between poetry and music, achieved by the 41 00:03:48,240 --> 00:03:50,219 use of a series of literary figures. 42 00:03:51,039 --> 00:03:53,460 Good morning Sir, what am I going to learn today? 43 00:03:53,460 --> 00:03:58,919 Good morning, Francisco. Today we are going to start practicing the scale. Could you recite it to me? 44 00:03:59,139 --> 00:03:59,759 I will try. 45 00:04:00,360 --> 00:04:00,879 Go then. 46 00:04:01,219 --> 00:04:03,939 Do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si. 47 00:04:04,219 --> 00:04:08,520 Good. Now I am going to point out some notes and you have to tell me which ones they are. 48 00:04:08,939 --> 00:04:10,860 We will start on a scale with a G clef. 49 00:04:10,979 --> 00:04:11,280 Okay. 50 00:04:12,180 --> 00:04:13,300 Which note is this one? 51 00:04:13,379 --> 00:04:13,879 It is la. 52 00:04:14,180 --> 00:04:14,879 And these three? 53 00:04:15,080 --> 00:04:16,180 Do, re, si. 54 00:04:17,680 --> 00:04:20,699 Right. What are all the notes in this stuff? 55 00:04:20,699 --> 00:04:31,560 La, sol, fa, mi, mi, fa, sol, la, re, re. La, sol, fa, mi, re, mi, fa, mi, re, do, re, re. 56 00:04:31,899 --> 00:04:32,620 The next staff. 57 00:04:32,920 --> 00:04:41,899 Sol, la, si, la, do, si, la, si, sol, sol, sol, la, si, la, do, si, la, sol, la, la. 58 00:04:42,459 --> 00:04:48,560 Okay, this music work is the Cantiga de Santa Maria number 100, Santa Maria Estrela do Dia. 59 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:51,540 This work is from Alfonso X, El Sabio. 60 00:04:51,879 --> 00:04:53,500 This is what you are going to learn today. 61 00:04:53,879 --> 00:04:54,639 Now sing it. 62 00:04:55,120 --> 00:04:58,240 Santa María, estrellado día, 63 00:04:58,579 --> 00:05:01,480 mostranos vía, pera de usted nos guía. 64 00:05:01,800 --> 00:05:04,899 Santa María, estrellado día, 65 00:05:05,360 --> 00:05:08,139 mostranos vía, pera de usted nos guía. 66 00:05:08,560 --> 00:05:11,600 Que haber fachelos cerrados, 67 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:15,180 que perer foran per pecados, 68 00:05:15,180 --> 00:05:18,500 entender de que muy culpados 69 00:05:18,500 --> 00:05:25,600 Congratulations Francisco, now we will sing it together 70 00:05:25,600 --> 00:05:31,819 I am very proud of you brother 71 00:05:31,819 --> 00:05:35,560 I hadn't thought that you could be as good as Cristobal de Morales at your age 72 00:05:35,560 --> 00:05:37,379 But you surprised me, congratulations 73 00:05:37,379 --> 00:05:41,879 Maybe we will have two well-known musicians in the same family, after all 74 00:05:41,879 --> 00:05:43,339 And don't forget a painter 75 00:05:43,339 --> 00:05:44,759 Thank you to all of you 76 00:05:44,759 --> 00:05:47,720 Without your support I couldn't have reached this level in music 77 00:05:48,139 --> 00:05:48,839 And you know what? 78 00:05:48,939 --> 00:05:52,339 Cristóbal de Morales had told me that the next day I will learn how to compose. 79 00:05:52,620 --> 00:05:53,459 That is amazing. 80 00:05:53,860 --> 00:05:55,980 Although, I would love to teach you how to compose. 81 00:05:56,199 --> 00:05:57,579 I am your brother, after all. 82 00:05:57,660 --> 00:05:59,000 Yes, but he is better than you. 83 00:05:59,100 --> 00:05:59,680 No offense. 84 00:05:59,980 --> 00:06:02,079 Furthermore, you will be here for a few days. 85 00:06:02,519 --> 00:06:05,399 Then you will return to Italy to work for very important people. 86 00:06:05,839 --> 00:06:08,759 So I think that it is better than teaching your brother how to compose, 87 00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:11,180 when he already has a personal teacher. 88 00:06:11,480 --> 00:06:13,180 Okay, this time you are right. 89 00:06:13,180 --> 00:06:14,519 But with one condition. 90 00:06:14,519 --> 00:06:19,139 When I return home, I want you to be one of the best composers in the whole world. 91 00:06:19,480 --> 00:06:20,339 Do you understand me? 92 00:06:20,540 --> 00:06:23,819 Yes, sir. I promise you that I will be a better musician than you. 93 00:06:24,040 --> 00:06:24,939 I didn't mean that. 94 00:06:26,060 --> 00:06:28,939 In 1599, I passed away due to the plague.