1 00:00:00,880 --> 00:00:04,379 Okay, so let's begin the unit 9. This is going to be the unit 2 00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:08,460 Related with the Second World War. So what we are going to see in this unit is this war 3 00:00:09,119 --> 00:00:13,099 This is going to be the last unit of this course. So 4 00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:15,900 Let's begin with it. First the index 5 00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:19,320 So what we are going to study is first the causes of the Second World War 6 00:00:19,320 --> 00:00:23,280 So in order to understand why this Second World War is going to happen 7 00:00:24,940 --> 00:00:27,500 Secondly, we are going to see the development of this war 8 00:00:27,500 --> 00:00:31,019 it means the different phases, the different fronts, how it's going to evolve. 9 00:00:32,619 --> 00:00:36,060 The characteristics of this war, because this is not going to be the same 10 00:00:36,060 --> 00:00:41,020 type of war as we saw in the First World War or before the First World War. 11 00:00:42,060 --> 00:00:46,299 The Third Reich characteristics of the occupation means that we are going to study 12 00:00:46,299 --> 00:00:51,259 this Third Reich, how Germany is going to expand to Eastern Europe, 13 00:00:51,259 --> 00:00:56,380 okay, and how Hitler is going to create this Third Empire, this Third Reich. 14 00:00:56,380 --> 00:01:02,609 The Jews and the Holocaust, you know about this topic, you know about the Concentration 15 00:01:02,609 --> 00:01:09,790 and Extermination Cup, you know about Auschwitz, so what we are going to see is briefly this 16 00:01:09,790 --> 00:01:16,989 part, this characteristic of the Second World War, because this Holocaust happened due to 17 00:01:16,989 --> 00:01:20,079 the Second World War. 18 00:01:20,079 --> 00:01:23,579 We are going to see the consequences finally of the war, it means we are going to start 19 00:01:23,579 --> 00:01:29,659 with the why we have this world why this world is going to happen and we are going to end with 20 00:01:30,859 --> 00:01:36,379 the consequences you know of this war the new world that is going to appear after the second 21 00:01:36,379 --> 00:01:42,299 world war that is the cold war and finally the united nations okay in spanish the onu 22 00:01:44,299 --> 00:01:49,340 the united nations this institution is going to be created in this moment after the second 23 00:01:49,340 --> 00:01:55,260 world war so let's begin with the causes of the second world war okay let's begin with this first 24 00:01:55,260 --> 00:02:02,540 point so what we need to understand is that this first characteristic that is the totalitarian 25 00:02:02,540 --> 00:02:10,300 regimes are desiring for war or they desire for war okay so what does it mean the thing is the 26 00:02:10,300 --> 00:02:15,740 situation after the first world war we have seen the inter-period war we have seen this inter-period 27 00:02:15,740 --> 00:02:25,500 war during the last unit and we have seen that new totalitarian regimes appear we saw the nazi regime 28 00:02:25,500 --> 00:02:32,780 we saw the fascist regime in italy we saw the stalin's regime in russia so what we are going 29 00:02:32,780 --> 00:02:40,780 to see is that hitler and mussolini wanted war they wanted the war in europe they were looking 30 00:02:40,780 --> 00:02:47,340 for this war in Europe. Why Hitler wanted the war in Europe? He wanted the war in Europe because he 31 00:02:48,300 --> 00:02:54,860 remembered the ideas of Nazism related about how to organize Europe, about how to create this great 32 00:02:54,860 --> 00:03:02,699 Germany. He wanted to create a great Germany and in order to do that he needed to expand to Eastern 33 00:03:02,699 --> 00:03:10,740 Europe so it means war he needs to he had an a racist concept of the nation it 34 00:03:10,740 --> 00:03:16,379 means all the Germans must be under the German control so in order to do that we 35 00:03:16,379 --> 00:03:21,360 need to expand to Eastern Europe in order to make these people these German 36 00:03:21,360 --> 00:03:27,939 people to be under German control under a German government third remember and 37 00:03:27,939 --> 00:03:37,719 the Hitler was explaining or was providing with this idea of the 11th 38 00:03:37,719 --> 00:03:45,000 round the idea of Germany needs a new space needs new territories in order to 39 00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:50,060 be self-sufficient okay if Germany wants to survive Germany 40 00:03:50,060 --> 00:03:55,240 needs to expand not only to have these German people inside the German the 41 00:03:55,240 --> 00:04:03,360 German borders, because Germany, if it wants to survive, needs to expand to Eastern Europe 42 00:04:03,360 --> 00:04:10,199 in order to have these resources, these raw materials, these industrial materials in order 43 00:04:10,199 --> 00:04:12,740 to survive, in order to grow. 44 00:04:12,740 --> 00:04:19,860 So the idea is war is necessary for Germany, war is also necessary for Italy, remember 45 00:04:19,860 --> 00:04:28,759 Italy had a nationalist and aggressive foreign policy, Mussolini wanted to create an empire 46 00:04:28,759 --> 00:04:39,620 surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, so remember for both countries war was the tool in order 47 00:04:39,620 --> 00:04:47,399 to create their empires, in order to create their great Italy or great Germany, ok? 48 00:04:47,399 --> 00:04:55,779 this racist concept of nationalism, this idea of Germans must live in Germany, so the unique 49 00:04:55,779 --> 00:05:00,180 option in order to have these Germans in Eastern Europe, inside Germany, is to expand to Eastern 50 00:05:00,180 --> 00:05:01,180 Europe. 51 00:05:01,180 --> 00:05:06,079 The idea of Lebensraum, the idea of living in space, if we want Germany to survive in 52 00:05:06,079 --> 00:05:13,740 this world where Germany is surrounded by enemies, we need to expand to create a huge 53 00:05:13,740 --> 00:05:20,779 empire in order to defeat our enemies okay and the other part is also Italy he 54 00:05:20,779 --> 00:05:25,740 Mussolini wants to create this empire surrounding the Mediterranean and in 55 00:05:25,740 --> 00:05:32,279 order to do that what they need to do is to expand it means they need war in 56 00:05:32,279 --> 00:05:41,040 order to create their empires to reinforce their nationalist and 57 00:05:41,040 --> 00:05:46,620 racist ideas. The other part is, ok, they need war, then it's obvious that they 58 00:05:46,620 --> 00:05:50,699 need war in order to create their empires, but the other part is the 59 00:05:50,699 --> 00:05:57,240 situation in Europe, ok, in this moment, until 1929-1930, before the crash, 60 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:07,000 the 1929 crash, is a situation, or the world, the European, Europe as 61 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:12,699 continent and the world is organized based on some international laws and 62 00:06:12,699 --> 00:06:17,480 these international laws established after the First World War wanted to 63 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:22,779 prevent this war so the idea is in the world what we have is in the 64 00:06:22,779 --> 00:06:28,160 international sphere what we have is laws against the war we have different 65 00:06:28,160 --> 00:06:34,139 treaties and also what we have is a tool an institution that is an international 66 00:06:34,139 --> 00:06:41,720 institution in order to prevent this war or this conflict this institution is the 67 00:06:41,720 --> 00:06:47,220 League of Nations la sociedad de naciones the League of Nations or 68 00:06:47,220 --> 00:06:53,420 social and athena's is going to be the institution that is going to fail okay 69 00:06:53,420 --> 00:07:00,899 this institution wanted to prevent war wanted to foster a policies in order to 70 00:07:00,899 --> 00:07:07,579 help each other to develop solidarity between the different countries in Europe so it means 71 00:07:07,579 --> 00:07:13,139 these totalitarian regimes want war they wanted war because they wanted to expand to create their 72 00:07:13,139 --> 00:07:19,660 empires because they have this racist idea of this racist idea of their nation nations of 73 00:07:19,660 --> 00:07:26,319 nationalism but in the other side what we have is in the international sphere is laws against the 74 00:07:26,319 --> 00:07:31,240 war we have this institution that is the League of Nations that is going to that 75 00:07:31,240 --> 00:07:37,079 his task its task or its goal is to prevent this war so you know that we are 76 00:07:37,079 --> 00:07:40,279 going to have a Second World War so it means the League of Nations is going to 77 00:07:40,279 --> 00:07:45,259 fail and these totalitarian regimes are going to succeed they are not going to 78 00:07:45,259 --> 00:07:50,279 succeed in the end of the world but they are going to succeed breaking the 79 00:07:50,279 --> 00:07:55,000 international the international situation it means the international 80 00:07:55,000 --> 00:08:01,040 laws it means ending with the League of Nations okay so let's see it step by 81 00:08:01,040 --> 00:08:05,399 step so the idea is the fascist regime Italy and Germany wanted to change the 82 00:08:05,399 --> 00:08:10,000 international order what I said the international order was based on what 83 00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:15,160 was based on the League of Nations it means this institution that is going to 84 00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:20,139 act as a mediator of protector of a protector of this order it means not to 85 00:08:20,139 --> 00:08:25,579 have war try to avoid war try to end with the different problems between the 86 00:08:25,579 --> 00:08:33,899 different countries using diplomacy so that so that what they want is to end 87 00:08:33,899 --> 00:08:40,480 these totalitarian regimes wanted to end with negotiations and use aggression 88 00:08:40,480 --> 00:08:45,019 instead of these negotiations it means what we have in the international sphere 89 00:08:45,019 --> 00:08:49,840 in this international order are laws and this institution the League of Nations 90 00:08:49,840 --> 00:08:56,320 okay in order to prevent war in order to use negotiation instead of aggression 91 00:08:56,320 --> 00:09:01,539 okay to solve the international problems what do they want these two people these 92 00:09:01,539 --> 00:09:07,659 two countries Germany with Hitler and Mussolini Italy with Mussolini what they 93 00:09:07,659 --> 00:09:12,679 want is to end with this international order to end with the League of Nations 94 00:09:12,679 --> 00:09:17,440 to end with this idea of use of negotiation instead of aggression why 95 00:09:17,440 --> 00:09:24,259 Why? Because they wanted war in order to create their own empires, in order to make all Germans 96 00:09:24,259 --> 00:09:31,559 to be under German control, or to create this empire, this Roman Empire surrounding the 97 00:09:31,559 --> 00:09:32,559 Mediterranean. 98 00:09:32,559 --> 00:09:39,460 So, the idea is in the international order, the international sphere, peace is the goal. 99 00:09:39,460 --> 00:09:45,039 It means not to use war, to use negotiation instead of aggression, and we have the League 100 00:09:45,039 --> 00:09:51,620 of Nations created after the First World War in order to prevent this war, in order to 101 00:09:51,620 --> 00:09:54,879 protect this order, ok? 102 00:09:54,879 --> 00:09:59,700 So the idea is why, who wants to break this international order? 103 00:09:59,700 --> 00:10:06,559 The totalitarian regimes, Hitler and Mussolini, in order to end with it, because they want 104 00:10:06,559 --> 00:10:10,039 war in order to create their own empires. 105 00:10:10,039 --> 00:10:16,899 If you check this map, what you are going to see is the different countries that formed 106 00:10:16,899 --> 00:10:19,220 the League of Nations. 107 00:10:19,220 --> 00:10:21,539 Who were the founding countries? 108 00:10:21,539 --> 00:10:27,879 Canada, France, Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain, the UK, etc. 109 00:10:27,879 --> 00:10:29,860 So many different countries. 110 00:10:29,860 --> 00:10:35,759 Who are the countries that finally are going to leave this League of Nations because they 111 00:10:35,759 --> 00:10:45,639 They want war because they were in favor of Germany and Italy, Spain with Franco, France 112 00:10:45,639 --> 00:10:51,700 after the invasion of Hitler, Italy of course with Mussolini, Japan that is going to expand 113 00:10:51,700 --> 00:10:57,720 and create an empire in Asia, and these Latin American countries. 114 00:10:57,720 --> 00:11:02,759 So these are the countries that they are going to form part of the League of Nations. 115 00:11:02,759 --> 00:11:07,799 Nowadays we have something close to the League of Nations, this institution called the United 116 00:11:07,799 --> 00:11:14,960 Nations that has more or less the same goal. 117 00:11:14,960 --> 00:11:22,799 It means not to use war in order to solve the international problems, to foster solidarity, 118 00:11:22,799 --> 00:11:26,960 economic health, etc. 119 00:11:26,960 --> 00:11:31,259 So this is the League of Nations, these are the countries that they were part of the League 120 00:11:31,259 --> 00:11:32,259 of Nations. 121 00:11:32,259 --> 00:11:38,700 what we see here the colonies of the members it means most of Africa are part 122 00:11:38,700 --> 00:11:42,460 of the League of Nations because they are colonies of the European countries 123 00:11:42,460 --> 00:11:49,009 so in the end in the end these totalitarian regimes wanted war because 124 00:11:49,009 --> 00:11:53,389 what I said racist and nationalist conception international relations what 125 00:11:53,389 --> 00:11:58,490 does it mean remember Hitler wants all the Germans to be under a German 126 00:11:58,490 --> 00:12:06,470 government but also remember the alien race la raza aria it means a superior race so the idea 127 00:12:06,470 --> 00:12:14,549 is hitler wants to expand hitler's wants war because because of this racist conception 128 00:12:14,549 --> 00:12:21,470 germany the germans the alien race is supposed to is superior to the others so this alien race 129 00:12:21,470 --> 00:12:28,289 is supposed to be controlling the others okay so the idea is they are going to understand that 130 00:12:28,289 --> 00:12:32,769 their relation the international relations are not going to be based on a league of nation 131 00:12:32,769 --> 00:12:38,509 protecting the order the international order or to use negotiation instead of aggression 132 00:12:38,509 --> 00:12:44,690 why they are not going to use negotiation because they feel that germany or italy are superior to 133 00:12:44,690 --> 00:12:50,830 the other countries i am not going to negotiate with someone that is inferior to me i will force 134 00:12:50,830 --> 00:12:58,350 this inferior person to be under my control or to accept, okay, or to accept the reality that I'm 135 00:12:58,350 --> 00:13:05,350 superior and I'm controlling the world. ¿Entendéis? So la idea es, esa idea racista lleva a considerar 136 00:13:05,350 --> 00:13:12,730 que si tú, Polonia, eres un país de una raza inferior, yo no voy a negociar contigo en condiciones 137 00:13:12,730 --> 00:13:20,429 iguales. Yo, superior, raza superior área, te controlaré o decidiré qué haré contigo. So that's 138 00:13:20,429 --> 00:13:25,470 idea, this racist and nationalist conception of international relations led Italy and especially 139 00:13:25,470 --> 00:13:33,230 Germany to develop these expansionist policies. It means to expand. Look at this map. This is 140 00:13:33,230 --> 00:13:39,629 Germany after the First World War. Remember Alsace and Lorraine are controlled by Germany 141 00:13:39,629 --> 00:13:45,950 now after the First World War. What is going to happen? Germany is going to create the Great 142 00:13:45,950 --> 00:13:51,350 Hitler is going to create a great Germany. How? First, he is going to 143 00:13:51,350 --> 00:13:59,330 remilitarize this region, the Rhine-Land. Why this region was supposed 144 00:13:59,330 --> 00:14:04,570 not to have an army? Because after the First World War the countries that they 145 00:14:04,570 --> 00:14:10,950 shared frontier with Germany said okay we do not want a German 146 00:14:10,950 --> 00:14:18,809 army in our frontiers it means France Belgium Luxembourg the Netherlands says 147 00:14:18,809 --> 00:14:25,169 okay we do not want Germany to have an army next to us because the last time 148 00:14:25,169 --> 00:14:30,269 during the First World War they use the army and cross the borders invade 149 00:14:30,269 --> 00:14:36,870 Belgium Netherlands and France so what we do not want is this to happen again 150 00:14:36,870 --> 00:14:52,129 So, one of the basic ideas means, okay, or is, this region that is in the borders with the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France is not going to have an army, it's going to be demilitarized. 151 00:14:52,509 --> 00:14:54,950 Demilitarized means desmilitarizado. 152 00:14:54,950 --> 00:15:11,129 It means, with no army, there cannot be an army, a German army, in these regions that they are next to the frontiers with the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France, and also Switzerland. 153 00:15:12,029 --> 00:15:18,889 So, what he is going to do, first, we will see that later, Hitler is going to remilitarize this region. 154 00:15:19,009 --> 00:15:21,529 He is going to say, no, no, Germany can have an army here. 155 00:15:21,529 --> 00:15:29,769 after that he is going to annex Austria remember Austria is the Hitler is 156 00:15:29,769 --> 00:15:34,669 Austrian Hitler was born in Austria and in Austria what we are going to find is 157 00:15:34,669 --> 00:15:39,090 most of the population are Germans they speak German they have the same culture 158 00:15:39,090 --> 00:15:46,110 so Austria Hitler thought that Austria was supposed to be part of Germany so 159 00:15:46,110 --> 00:15:51,850 that Hitler is going to annex Austria after that he is going to 160 00:15:51,850 --> 00:15:56,730 annex the Sudetenland this part of Czechoslovakia remember Czechoslovakia is 161 00:15:56,730 --> 00:16:02,169 this country okay now this is the Czech Republic and Slovakia they are two 162 00:16:02,169 --> 00:16:08,370 different countries but this region what is now what is now the Czech Republic is 163 00:16:08,370 --> 00:16:12,750 going to be invaded annexed by Germany too it's going to annex first the 164 00:16:12,750 --> 00:16:19,370 Sudetenland and after that is going to be annexed this region the rest of the 165 00:16:19,370 --> 00:16:26,490 present-day Czech Republic okay so the idea is he is going to acquire the 166 00:16:26,490 --> 00:16:31,830 Sudetenlands first and then he is going to acquire the rest of the Czech 167 00:16:31,830 --> 00:16:37,649 Republic the present-day Czech Republic Slovakia is going to be a protectorate 168 00:16:37,649 --> 00:16:44,429 So, the idea is Germany is going to expand, Germany is going to use war in order to do 169 00:16:44,429 --> 00:16:45,429 what? 170 00:16:45,429 --> 00:16:50,889 First, to remilitarize this region, this German region that is in the borders with the Netherlands, 171 00:16:50,889 --> 00:16:53,429 Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Switzerland. 172 00:16:53,429 --> 00:16:59,629 Second is going to annex Austria, then the Sudetenland and finally the rest of the Czech 173 00:16:59,629 --> 00:17:02,789 Republic, Bohemia and Moravia. 174 00:17:02,789 --> 00:17:06,170 This region here are called Bohemia and Moravia. 175 00:17:06,170 --> 00:17:16,930 So if you check, this is in 1936, this is in March 1938, this is in October 1938, this 176 00:17:16,930 --> 00:17:24,509 is in March 1939, and this is in September 1939, ok? 177 00:17:24,509 --> 00:17:29,490 And then the rest of Poland, and the beginning of the Second World War. 178 00:17:29,490 --> 00:17:34,869 So as you can see, Germany wants to expand to the east, Germany wants to create this 179 00:17:34,869 --> 00:17:44,410 empire and he, Hitler, is going to start expanding and expanding Germany 180 00:17:44,410 --> 00:17:50,769 first occupying, military occupying this region and after that occupying Austria 181 00:17:50,769 --> 00:17:58,509 the Sudetenlands and finally Bohemia and Moravia and Poland. So what we need to 182 00:17:58,509 --> 00:18:06,809 understand this we are in in Europe or the world in this moment has or we are 183 00:18:06,809 --> 00:18:10,089 going to have the Second World War first because we have these totalitarian 184 00:18:10,089 --> 00:18:15,009 regimes that they want war and they were war they want war because of this racist 185 00:18:15,009 --> 00:18:18,170 and nationalist conception of the international relations because they 186 00:18:18,170 --> 00:18:22,630 want to expand because they feel that they are superior to the other so they 187 00:18:22,630 --> 00:18:26,650 can control them and in order to do that they wanted to end with these two ideas 188 00:18:26,650 --> 00:18:31,609 ideas the idea of negotiation instead of aggression for the international relations 189 00:18:31,609 --> 00:18:38,569 and also to end with the League of Nations that was the institution created after the first world 190 00:18:38,569 --> 00:18:47,009 war in order to protect this international order based on negotiation instead of aggression 191 00:18:47,009 --> 00:18:53,890 so the second thing or the second idea the second cause is that in the world what we are going to 192 00:18:53,890 --> 00:18:58,829 see or we they are going to feel is an escalation in the aggressions it means 193 00:18:58,829 --> 00:19:04,990 there is the aggressions are escalating so the thing is we are going to see 194 00:19:04,990 --> 00:19:10,029 before the Second World War a lot of different conflicts we are going to see 195 00:19:10,029 --> 00:19:15,789 not only the expansion of Germany but also of Japan etc we are going to see it 196 00:19:15,789 --> 00:19:21,250 right now so the idea is Japan for example is going to expand a conquering 197 00:19:21,250 --> 00:19:28,009 part of China we are going to see how Italy is going to conquer Ethiopia and Albania also Germany 198 00:19:28,009 --> 00:19:34,609 is going to expand so the idea is in the 30s during the 30s we are going to see how this 199 00:19:34,609 --> 00:19:41,690 international order based on negotiation instead of aggression is going to start falling apart 200 00:19:41,690 --> 00:19:48,769 and it's going to appear a new international order that is going to be based on war on aggression 201 00:19:48,769 --> 00:19:54,569 and it has been developed by Germany, Italy and Japan. 202 00:19:55,049 --> 00:19:57,990 The three countries that they are going to fight together 203 00:19:57,990 --> 00:20:02,849 against France, the UK, the USA, the Soviet Union 204 00:20:02,849 --> 00:20:05,029 during the Second World War. 205 00:20:05,589 --> 00:20:09,710 So let's see these different conflicts before the Second World War. 206 00:20:09,710 --> 00:20:12,430 The first one is in Asia. 207 00:20:12,549 --> 00:20:15,809 Japan is going to occupy first Manchuria in 1931 208 00:20:15,809 --> 00:20:18,410 and then China in 1937. 209 00:20:18,769 --> 00:20:22,549 This is the map. 210 00:20:22,549 --> 00:20:27,569 Japan that is here is going to conquer Manchuria, this region here. 211 00:20:27,569 --> 00:20:36,569 Japan controlled since 1910 Korea and he is going to expand to Manchuria, to the north, 212 00:20:36,569 --> 00:20:37,569 in 1931. 213 00:20:37,569 --> 00:20:47,150 And after that, in 1937, is going to expand in China. 214 00:20:47,150 --> 00:20:57,130 So as you can see, Japan is expanding, this is the Japanese Empire in Orange in 1870, 215 00:20:57,130 --> 00:21:06,990 in 1932 this region is going to be under control of Japan, in 1837 this other region, and after 216 00:21:06,990 --> 00:21:10,910 that it's going to expand to the rest. 217 00:21:10,910 --> 00:21:21,329 the Philippines were American from the U.S. or belonging to the U.S. Vietnam and this the French 218 00:21:21,329 --> 00:21:27,109 Indochina we talk about this French Indochina was French of course they are going to conquer 219 00:21:27,109 --> 00:21:34,470 Thailand or and they are going to conquer Burma that they are a British colonies so the idea is 220 00:21:34,470 --> 00:21:41,109 the beginning they are going to expand to china to manchuria in 1931 and to this part of 221 00:21:42,630 --> 00:21:49,589 china in 1937 and finally during the second world war okay they are going to expand conquering the 222 00:21:49,589 --> 00:21:56,630 european colonies in asia why japan is going to expand why japan is going to conquer all these 223 00:21:56,630 --> 00:22:02,470 territories in asia the first thing you need to understand or you need to think of is that japan 224 00:22:02,470 --> 00:22:10,710 is an asian country remember europe is controlling the world in 1930 in the 1930s europe is controlling 225 00:22:10,710 --> 00:22:17,829 africa and asia due to their colonies so they want to defeat these people the europeans 226 00:22:17,829 --> 00:22:25,509 and let these asian people to be free what is the problem the problem is you could say okay japan 227 00:22:25,509 --> 00:22:32,890 is correct if they have enough power they can expel the Europeans from this 228 00:22:32,890 --> 00:22:40,150 region and they can set these people free to be independent but the problem 229 00:22:40,150 --> 00:22:45,670 is Japan is going to have also a racist conception of the international 230 00:22:45,670 --> 00:22:50,650 relations Japanese people are going to believe that they are a superior race in 231 00:22:50,650 --> 00:22:59,490 Asia and they are supposed to control this inferior race in Eastern Asia so 232 00:22:59,490 --> 00:23:05,470 the idea is Japan that is here okay is going to expand in Eastern Asia to 233 00:23:05,470 --> 00:23:12,849 control a huge Empire based on the same ideas as Hitler as Germany Germany and 234 00:23:12,849 --> 00:23:16,450 Italy wanted to create an empire because they have this racist conception 235 00:23:16,450 --> 00:23:21,369 international relations and Japan is going to have them too so Japan is going 236 00:23:21,369 --> 00:23:28,829 to expand in eastern Asia in order to to control these regions because they are a 237 00:23:28,829 --> 00:23:35,289 superior race and in order to expel the European the Europeans from these 238 00:23:35,289 --> 00:23:41,740 colonies remember yeah if they are a superior race they are going to do 239 00:23:41,740 --> 00:23:47,140 anything they want with the Chinese they are going to kill them for example 240 00:23:47,140 --> 00:23:53,799 cutting of their heads they are going to kill them in many different ways okay 241 00:23:53,799 --> 00:24:01,220 they are going to be a real massacres in China okay they are going to kill even 242 00:24:01,220 --> 00:24:10,420 children so the idea is Japan is going to expand in Asia in the continent and 243 00:24:10,420 --> 00:24:16,299 is going to expand to Asia or in Asia because of this racist conception the 244 00:24:16,299 --> 00:24:23,319 idea of Japanese people are superior in comparison with the other races in in 245 00:24:23,319 --> 00:24:29,200 Asia the other parties in Africa Italy is going to conquer Ethiopia in 1935 and 246 00:24:29,200 --> 00:24:36,039 in 1939 Albania so Italy with the same conception racist conception this one 247 00:24:36,039 --> 00:24:39,799 not racist conception in this case is well there is going to be a racist 248 00:24:39,799 --> 00:24:44,319 conception but basically they want to create this huge Empire they want to 249 00:24:44,319 --> 00:24:52,119 give back to Italy their glory the lost glory the Roman Empire lost glory so 250 00:24:52,119 --> 00:24:57,519 what they want is to expand okay and they are going to conquer in 1835 251 00:24:57,519 --> 00:25:04,660 Ethiopia and they are going to conquer in 1839 Albania why you can say you can 252 00:25:04,660 --> 00:25:09,920 ask me okay but the League of Nations is not supposed to be avoiding these wars 253 00:25:09,920 --> 00:25:15,019 avoiding these problems yes the League of Nations is going to make these people 254 00:25:15,019 --> 00:25:20,539 these countries to pay because they were doing something wrong they were 255 00:25:20,539 --> 00:25:25,220 attacking and controlling new territories so the League of Nations is 256 00:25:25,220 --> 00:25:31,579 going to say ok Japan we are going to we are against your policy you must pay for 257 00:25:31,579 --> 00:25:36,039 what you are doing do you think Japan is going to pay or Italy is going to pay 258 00:25:36,039 --> 00:25:43,519 for this concourse? No. So the League of Nations is going to fail. And you'll see 259 00:25:43,519 --> 00:25:46,900 why the League of Nations is going to fail. The League of Nations is going to 260 00:25:46,900 --> 00:25:53,099 try to avoid these wars, is going to try to avoid these 261 00:25:53,099 --> 00:26:00,359 aggressions, this expansionist foreign policy, but the League of Nations is 262 00:26:00,359 --> 00:26:05,140 going to fail and we will see later on why is going to fail. Remember Italy and 263 00:26:05,140 --> 00:26:09,500 Germany are going to support Franco during the Spanish Civil War, okay, and France and Germany 264 00:26:09,500 --> 00:26:15,319 are not going to get involved. So, what you are going to see in the international sphere, 265 00:26:15,519 --> 00:26:21,359 in the international relations is, or international order, is that the democracies are not going to 266 00:26:21,359 --> 00:26:26,339 support the Spanish Republic, that is also a democratic state, so they are not going to get 267 00:26:26,339 --> 00:26:32,240 involved, and Germany and Italy are going to support Franco. So, what we are going to see is 268 00:26:32,240 --> 00:26:38,119 Germany and Italy are really active in this international sphere they are conquering new 269 00:26:38,119 --> 00:26:44,640 territories as Japan is doing okay and they are supporting people that they are close on their 270 00:26:44,640 --> 00:26:50,440 ideologies okay so Italy and Germany are going to support Franco during the Spanish civil war 271 00:26:50,440 --> 00:26:56,759 okay while France and Germany are not going to get involved okay remember Franco with Hitler in 272 00:26:56,759 --> 00:27:04,200 in Andalya, okay, in France, after the Spanish Civil War, Hitler is going to talk with Franco 273 00:27:04,200 --> 00:27:10,519 about the possible participation of Spain in the Second World War, but Hitler finally is going to 274 00:27:10,519 --> 00:27:17,900 reject the ideas of Franco of participating in the Second World War, so it means Hitler is going to 275 00:27:17,900 --> 00:27:23,539 stop Franco from participating in the Second World War, okay, more images about this meeting, 276 00:27:23,539 --> 00:27:33,680 another image another photograph about this meeting okay and finally Germany is going to 277 00:27:33,680 --> 00:27:39,079 expand what I said Germany is going to violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles when they 278 00:27:39,079 --> 00:27:46,339 remilitarize the Greenland remember this region here okay remember the Treaty of Versailles 279 00:27:46,339 --> 00:27:53,519 established that this region cannot have a German army because they want to prevent a possible 280 00:27:53,519 --> 00:28:00,819 german attack france luxembourg belgium and the netherlands what is going to happen is in 1936 281 00:28:00,819 --> 00:28:06,660 germany is going to break this treaty of versailles and is going to remilitarize the 282 00:28:06,660 --> 00:28:13,480 ringland you could say why france and uh and and great britain or the uk are doing are doing 283 00:28:13,480 --> 00:28:19,240 nothing about this you'll see later on but they are going to do nothing because they do they want 284 00:28:19,240 --> 00:28:28,160 to avoid a possible war ok so the idea is germany is expanding but as we do not want we want germany 285 00:28:28,160 --> 00:28:36,259 to stop expanding but we do not want to do something ok that that provoke germany to attack 286 00:28:36,259 --> 00:28:45,940 us we do not want again a world war remember also in march 1938 germany is going to occupy austria 287 00:28:45,940 --> 00:29:14,180 This process, Germany occupying Austria, is called Anschluss, es decir, Anschluss es en alemán la unión entre Alemania y Austria, es el proceso de unión de Austria, de anexión de Austria a Alemania, es decir, this territory here, Austria, is going to be part now of Germany and is going to happen in 1938, ok? 288 00:29:14,180 --> 00:29:22,740 so first 1936 remilitarized the Greenland after that we Germany is going to annex Austria and 289 00:29:22,740 --> 00:29:31,700 this annexion is going to be peaceful okay these are the images okay this is the German army getting 290 00:29:31,700 --> 00:29:39,940 in Austria this is the Austrian people okay greeting the German army with the fastest 291 00:29:39,940 --> 00:29:50,380 the fastest symbols here it is again the same the Austrian people the young people with the 292 00:29:50,380 --> 00:30:01,440 Nazi flag saying welcome to Austria thanks for annexing Austria to Germany and remember Germany 293 00:30:01,440 --> 00:30:09,619 wants to expand to Eastern Europe because of this this is German okay the in purple what we 294 00:30:09,619 --> 00:30:17,039 find is the german people okay the ethnic the german race and if you check in austria most of 295 00:30:17,039 --> 00:30:24,000 the population they are from the same group ethnic group also the sudetland okay most of the population 296 00:30:24,000 --> 00:30:30,319 in the sudetland are germans okay and if you check in eastern europe you are going to find 297 00:30:30,319 --> 00:30:37,220 also some germans in hungary some germans in poland some germans even in russian territory 298 00:30:37,220 --> 00:30:49,519 So that's why Germany is going to expand to the east in order to have this population, this German population, under a German government. 299 00:30:51,930 --> 00:30:54,309 So this is the escalating aggression. 300 00:30:54,569 --> 00:30:59,069 What we are going to see now is, okay, we have these totalitarian regimes. 301 00:30:59,430 --> 00:31:01,289 They want war in order to expand. 302 00:31:01,670 --> 00:31:07,809 They want to establish this new international order based on superior races controlling inferior races. 303 00:31:07,809 --> 00:31:16,670 We have all these conflicts, this aggression, that they are going to lead to the Second World War. 304 00:31:17,029 --> 00:31:21,109 But also, what you need to understand is, in order to do all these things, 305 00:31:21,549 --> 00:31:26,609 these countries, Japan, Italy and Germany, are going to sign alliances. 306 00:31:27,829 --> 00:31:28,089 Okay? 307 00:31:28,509 --> 00:31:33,930 So, the idea is, apart from this aggressive foreign policy, fascist countries sign supportive international treaties. 308 00:31:33,930 --> 00:31:36,769 It means, oye, todos estamos en el mismo bando. 309 00:31:36,769 --> 00:31:40,430 Todos tenemos la misma idea de cómo debe ser el orden internacional 310 00:31:40,430 --> 00:31:41,990 Nos tenemos que unir 311 00:31:41,990 --> 00:31:46,950 So in order to be together to break this international order 312 00:31:46,950 --> 00:31:49,450 Based on negotiation instead of aggression 313 00:31:49,450 --> 00:31:54,890 Based on the League of Nations trying to avoid this war 314 00:31:54,890 --> 00:31:57,349 What we are going to do is to form these alliances 315 00:31:57,349 --> 00:32:01,029 In order to end with this international order 316 00:32:01,029 --> 00:32:02,329 So let's see 317 00:32:02,329 --> 00:32:04,049 Why they want these alliances? 318 00:32:04,250 --> 00:32:06,390 What I said, to change the world order together 319 00:32:06,390 --> 00:32:12,509 so it means ok Germany can change the world order alone no but I have friends 320 00:32:12,509 --> 00:32:17,910 I have countries that they have more or less the same as the ideas as I do Italy 321 00:32:17,910 --> 00:32:24,609 Japan also Spain with Franco so the idea is in 1936 they are going to create this 322 00:32:24,609 --> 00:32:33,009 the Rome Berlin axis el eje Roma Berlin valen el eje Roma Berlin the Rome 323 00:32:33,009 --> 00:32:43,490 Berlin Axis, that is this military alliance, that is going to be renewed in 1939, now called 324 00:32:43,490 --> 00:32:46,690 Pact of Steel, El Pacto de Acero. 325 00:32:46,690 --> 00:32:51,589 As you can see, in 1940, Japan is going to be included in this Pact of Steel. 326 00:32:51,589 --> 00:32:57,829 So it means, in 1936, they are going to create, Italy and Germany, are going to create this 327 00:32:57,829 --> 00:33:05,190 alliance called the rome berlin axis okay and in 1939 three years later is going to be renewed 328 00:33:05,190 --> 00:33:13,349 renovada estalianza okay under the name of pact of steel pacto de acero a year later in 1940 japan 329 00:33:13,349 --> 00:33:20,069 is going to be included in this pact of steel maybe you know these names elege when they were 330 00:33:20,069 --> 00:33:27,509 calling the axis they are talking about this alliance rome it means italy and germany 331 00:33:28,230 --> 00:33:35,190 also this pack of the steel this part of the steel this part of the acero okay is going to include 332 00:33:35,190 --> 00:33:43,430 first germany and italy and germany and also later on japan so what we are talking is in this 333 00:33:43,430 --> 00:33:49,990 international sphere in this international order we are seeing some countries that they have they 334 00:33:49,990 --> 00:33:54,670 want the same or they have the same idea about the international relations and 335 00:33:54,670 --> 00:34:00,309 they have the same goals to expand to create huge countries based on racist 336 00:34:00,309 --> 00:34:06,950 and nationalist ideas so Germany Hitler and Mussolini Italy signing the treaty 337 00:34:06,950 --> 00:34:15,670 the the Romer in axis here what we have is Matsuoka Matsuoka is the the foreign 338 00:34:15,670 --> 00:34:25,349 minister of Japan and he is going to sign the Pact of Steel with Hitler and also with Mussolini. 339 00:34:25,349 --> 00:34:30,789 So what you can see here is how the Japanese government is going to allied with Germany. 340 00:34:31,590 --> 00:34:38,630 Why Japan wanted to allied with Germany? Because of two main reasons. First, because they have the 341 00:34:38,630 --> 00:34:44,630 same racist conception and racist ideas and of course they are supposed to be allies because 342 00:34:44,630 --> 00:34:52,349 they think in the same way second because japan wants to have a stronger international position 343 00:34:52,349 --> 00:35:00,789 against the usa because the usa is a threat for japan so japan wants to have strong allies in 344 00:35:00,789 --> 00:35:07,809 order to in order to have a stronger position in the international sphere in the international 345 00:35:07,809 --> 00:35:17,730 order in order to avoid in order to avoid the USA to attack Japan okay so the idea is we have the 346 00:35:17,730 --> 00:35:25,210 same racist and nationalist conception second you are going to give me a stronger political 347 00:35:25,210 --> 00:35:33,610 position in the international sphere okay against the USA so this is the world the international 348 00:35:33,610 --> 00:35:42,989 situation before the Second World War, okay? Second, also in 1936, in November, Germany is 349 00:35:42,989 --> 00:35:48,710 going to create or is going to sign the Anti-Communist Pact with Japan. What is this Anti-Communist 350 00:35:48,710 --> 00:35:57,750 Pact? Means a pact against the communist countries, against the Soviet Union. So, the idea is Germany, 351 00:35:57,750 --> 00:36:08,309 is going to sign a treaty, this anti-communism pact with Japan, also later on with Italy, 352 00:36:08,570 --> 00:36:13,130 in order to create an alliance against communism. 353 00:36:13,690 --> 00:36:16,670 Remember, fascism is against communism. 354 00:36:16,670 --> 00:36:24,309 So they are going to create this anti-communism pact against communism, against the Soviet Union. 355 00:36:24,309 --> 00:36:31,130 And finally, what we have is the Nazi-Soviet pact, and you could ask me, ok, how is this 356 00:36:31,130 --> 00:36:32,130 possible? 357 00:36:32,130 --> 00:36:40,289 If they have signed a treaty against communism, why Hitler is signing a pact with the Soviet 358 00:36:40,289 --> 00:36:41,289 Union? 359 00:36:41,289 --> 00:36:47,170 Ok, it's going to be a pact between Hitler and Stalin, and this treaty is possible because 360 00:36:47,170 --> 00:36:50,369 Stalin is alone in Europe. 361 00:36:50,369 --> 00:36:55,489 Ok, let's see if I can explain this right. 362 00:36:55,489 --> 00:37:03,769 Stalin do not like Hitler, Stalin is against fascism, is against nazism, the problem is 363 00:37:03,769 --> 00:37:11,050 Great Britain and France are not helping the Soviet Union against Germany, so in a specific 364 00:37:11,050 --> 00:37:18,949 moment Stalin is going to say, ok, you democratic countries are not going to support me, what 365 00:37:18,949 --> 00:37:25,190 What I'm going to do is going to sign a treaty with Hitler in order to do what? 366 00:37:25,190 --> 00:37:28,269 In order to divide Poland. 367 00:37:28,269 --> 00:37:30,670 In order to conquer Poland. 368 00:37:30,670 --> 00:37:35,630 Poland is going to be divided in two regions, one region is going to be controlled by Hitler, 369 00:37:35,630 --> 00:37:38,510 the other by Stalin, ok? 370 00:37:38,510 --> 00:37:43,829 So the idea is, ok, I'm going to sign a treaty with Hitler that is going to avoid Hitler 371 00:37:43,829 --> 00:37:46,789 attacking me, attacking the Soviet Union. 372 00:37:46,789 --> 00:37:49,809 At least, I'm defending the Soviet Union. 373 00:37:51,969 --> 00:37:57,809 So, the idea is, as Great Britain and France are not supporting Stalin against Hitler, 374 00:37:58,210 --> 00:38:06,570 Stalin decided to sign a treaty with Hitler that is going to prevent or stop Hitler from attacking Stalin. 375 00:38:06,769 --> 00:38:15,349 That is, Stalin says, I'm alone, so the only alternative is to sign an agreement with the enemy to avoid the attack on Russia. 376 00:38:15,750 --> 00:38:16,489 That's the idea. 377 00:38:16,789 --> 00:38:24,329 So the idea is, we want to prevent a war with Hitler, we want to defeat Hitler, we want 378 00:38:24,329 --> 00:38:29,369 to do that along with France, Great Britain, the other democratic countries. 379 00:38:29,369 --> 00:38:36,690 But they are not in favor of stopping Hitler's expansion. 380 00:38:36,690 --> 00:38:41,170 So that Stalin is going to sign this treaty with Hitler in order to avoid war against 381 00:38:41,170 --> 00:38:49,309 Germany and the Soviet Union, and in order to divide Poland in two areas, you'll see. 382 00:38:49,309 --> 00:39:03,469 So here is Ribbentrop, here is Molotov, here is Stalin, what you see here is the Russian 383 00:39:03,469 --> 00:39:07,530 Foreign Affairs Ministry, and here is the German Foreign Affairs Ministry. 384 00:39:07,530 --> 00:39:13,590 So the idea is these two ministries are going to sign this treaty, the Nazi-Soviet Pact, 385 00:39:13,590 --> 00:39:21,030 that is called also the Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty because of the name of the Foreign 386 00:39:21,030 --> 00:39:29,230 Affairs Ministries, and this treaty is going to divide Poland, if you check here in this 387 00:39:29,230 --> 00:39:37,829 map what you have is Germany here, Germany is going to remilitarize Finland, Germany 388 00:39:37,829 --> 00:39:43,889 Germany is going to annex Austria, Germany is going to annex the Sudetenlands and later 389 00:39:43,889 --> 00:39:50,449 on is going to annex the rest of Bohemia and Moravia, it means the rest of the present 390 00:39:50,449 --> 00:39:54,369 day Czech Republic. 391 00:39:54,369 --> 00:40:07,449 After that, what we have here is Poland, remember this is Poland, so the idea is they are going 392 00:40:07,449 --> 00:40:14,610 to divide Poland in two pieces okay this area for the Soviet Union this area for Germany that's the 393 00:40:14,610 --> 00:40:20,909 idea so they are going to sign this treaty this treaty is going to say okay Germany and Russia 394 00:40:20,909 --> 00:40:27,090 are not going to enter war Germany and Russia are not going to fight each other but Germany is going 395 00:40:27,090 --> 00:40:35,090 to acquire east western Poland and Russia is going to acquire eastern Poland why they are going to 396 00:40:35,090 --> 00:40:40,769 share these two territories why they are going to divide poland because germany wants to expand 397 00:40:40,769 --> 00:40:46,849 to eastern europe in order to create their empire in order to have the german people that they are 398 00:40:46,849 --> 00:40:53,969 in poland to be under a german control a german government and also russia wants to conquer or 399 00:40:53,969 --> 00:41:01,309 take back these territories that were lost during the first world war if you remember the treaty 400 00:41:01,309 --> 00:41:07,789 the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Brest-Litovsk Treaty established that these regions here 401 00:41:07,789 --> 00:41:13,250 were for Germany and these regions here after the First World War are going to be independent 402 00:41:13,250 --> 00:41:16,190 and they are going to create this new country that is Poland. 403 00:41:16,929 --> 00:41:23,409 So the Second World War is going to start with this treaty that is going to mean that 404 00:41:23,409 --> 00:41:30,449 Germany is going to conquer Poland and is going to acquire Western Poland 405 00:41:30,449 --> 00:41:34,070 while eastern poland is going to be conquered by russia 406 00:41:34,070 --> 00:41:51,119 so the last point of this uh of the the last epigraph of this point is the answer of the 407 00:41:51,119 --> 00:41:56,019 democracies we were talking about this we were talking about great britain and france doing 408 00:41:56,019 --> 00:42:02,760 nothing the the the united states doing nothing and that's true it's true they are going to do 409 00:42:02,760 --> 00:42:11,340 nothing against a Hitler expansion Mussolini's expansion or Japan's expansion okay why they are 410 00:42:11,340 --> 00:42:17,659 going to do nothing because they do not want to start another war they said okay let's do let's 411 00:42:17,659 --> 00:42:29,619 let them do whatever they want let's let's let's let um Hitler Mussolini and Japan to conquer the 412 00:42:29,619 --> 00:42:37,579 territories they want in order to avoid a war it means hitler wants to annex austria fine let's him 413 00:42:37,579 --> 00:42:44,139 annex austria it's fine we do not want to start a war because maybe we if we if we 414 00:42:44,139 --> 00:42:53,820 prevent hitler from occupying austria or remilitarizing renania or rinland the hitler 415 00:42:53,820 --> 00:43:00,239 is going to declare war on us so what we do not want is a war so in order to prevent the war what 416 00:43:00,239 --> 00:43:08,119 we are going to do is just to um is just to let hitler mussolini and japan do whatever they want 417 00:43:08,119 --> 00:43:21,199 so this policy this policy of the great britain france and the u.s is going to be called policy 418 00:43:21,199 --> 00:43:28,599 of appeasement. Política de apaciguamiento. It means, okay, let Hitler, Mussolini and Japan 419 00:43:28,599 --> 00:43:37,320 get anything or conquer anything they want in order to avoid a new war. We do not want another 420 00:43:37,320 --> 00:43:41,940 war as like the First World War, but in the end there is going to be a war. 421 00:43:43,480 --> 00:43:48,739 The USA insulated from the world's problem. It means the USA is going to say, okay, 422 00:43:48,739 --> 00:43:56,300 I'm going to focus on my own problems, on the problems of unemployment due to the crisis of 1929 423 00:43:56,300 --> 00:43:59,920 I'm going to focus on these problems, these 424 00:44:00,500 --> 00:44:05,000 domestic problems, okay, provoked by the 425 00:44:05,920 --> 00:44:09,119 Economic crisis and provoked by the social crisis 426 00:44:09,179 --> 00:44:11,980 So they want to, they are going to say, okay 427 00:44:11,980 --> 00:44:13,980 We are we are not going to take care of 428 00:44:13,980 --> 00:44:18,840 Germany because we need to take care of our inner problems our domestic 429 00:44:18,840 --> 00:44:24,239 problems the same from the UK of France okay they are going to pay attention to 430 00:44:24,239 --> 00:44:29,880 their domestic issues unemployment social unrest etc okay so the idea is 431 00:44:29,880 --> 00:44:36,539 they are going to be a focus on these problems that they have been provoked by 432 00:44:36,539 --> 00:44:44,380 the by the crisis of 1929 as I said across the 29 is going to promote this 433 00:44:44,380 --> 00:44:49,320 unemployment and social unrest so the UK the USA France are going to focus on 434 00:44:49,320 --> 00:44:54,619 this also remember during the Spanish Civil War they established this policy 435 00:44:54,619 --> 00:45:01,659 the non-intervention policy okay if France the UK and the USA didn't 436 00:45:01,659 --> 00:45:09,099 intervened in the Spanish Civil War is because they didn't want to have another 437 00:45:09,099 --> 00:45:15,460 European war it means Great Britain France and the US has been applying a 438 00:45:15,460 --> 00:45:20,940 policy of appeasement during the 30s because they wanted to focus on their 439 00:45:20,940 --> 00:45:26,920 attention on their domestic problems okay and they have done this when Japan 440 00:45:26,920 --> 00:45:35,980 expanded to Manchuria and China when Italy expanded in Ethiopia and Albania 441 00:45:35,980 --> 00:45:42,639 when a Germany and Italy supported Franco during the Spanish Civil War they 442 00:45:42,639 --> 00:45:47,019 are going to establish in that moment the non-intervention policy it means not 443 00:45:47,019 --> 00:45:53,019 to intervene in this civil war and not to support the the Spanish Republic okay 444 00:45:53,019 --> 00:46:02,840 always always everything done in order to avoid a war with Germany and with Italy because Germany 445 00:46:02,840 --> 00:46:10,179 and Italy they understood the international order based on war so they knew that if they 446 00:46:10,179 --> 00:46:18,760 tried to stop for example Germany and Italy to help Franco they could enter war they could expand 447 00:46:18,760 --> 00:46:24,940 this Spanish war this war in Spain to the rest of the continent so in order to do that they are 448 00:46:24,940 --> 00:46:30,800 going to develop this non-intervention policy this policy of appeasement it means let Hitler 449 00:46:30,800 --> 00:46:38,039 and Mussolini do what they want because the most important goal is not to have an European war in 450 00:46:38,039 --> 00:46:46,780 Europe okay not to have a world war in Europe a new war in Europe of course we need to add to this 451 00:46:46,780 --> 00:46:53,280 the weakness of the League of Nations if the UK France and US do not want to stop Franco or 452 00:46:53,280 --> 00:46:58,760 to stop Hitler or Mussolini the League of Nations is not going to have power to do it 453 00:46:58,760 --> 00:47:03,699 because the most important countries that they are supporting the policy of the League of Nations 454 00:47:03,699 --> 00:47:11,079 are saying let them do okay so the idea is the League of this League of Nations is really weak 455 00:47:11,079 --> 00:47:18,699 because the US the UK and France are not supporting this policy okay they are not 456 00:47:18,699 --> 00:47:23,699 going to support this institution in order to stop Hitler to stop Mussolini and to stop 457 00:47:23,699 --> 00:47:29,460 Japan okay so the League of Nations is going to be weak and the League of Nations is going to fail 458 00:47:29,460 --> 00:47:37,840 okay finally what we need to talk is about the two last conflicts tolerated by the democracies 459 00:47:37,840 --> 00:47:47,159 What we are seeing with this policy of appeasement is that the US, the UK and France are letting Hitler, Mussolini and Japan do anything they want. 460 00:47:47,659 --> 00:47:53,219 So the idea is, which are the last two conflicts that these countries are going to tolerate? 461 00:47:53,880 --> 00:47:57,059 Which are the last two conflicts tolerated by these democracies? 462 00:47:57,679 --> 00:48:03,400 First, the acquisition of the Sudetenland, the annexation of the Sudetenland. 463 00:48:03,400 --> 00:48:11,400 Okay, here is Hitler, here is Mussolini, here what we have is the Prime Minister of France 464 00:48:11,400 --> 00:48:19,079 and Great Britain, and the idea is they are going to join together, they are going to 465 00:48:19,079 --> 00:48:25,780 be gathered in the Munich Conference in 1938, okay, where Great Britain is going to accept 466 00:48:25,780 --> 00:48:28,719 Germany to annex the Sudetenland, okay? 467 00:48:28,719 --> 00:48:39,659 Why they are going to accept this? Because they prefer to accept Hitler acquiring the Sudetenland and promising Hitler he is going to expand no further. 468 00:48:40,460 --> 00:48:52,000 ¿Qué quiere decir? La conferencia de Múnich se da porque Gran Bretaña y Francia ven que van a ocupar, Alemania quiere ocupar los Sudetes, Sudetenland. 469 00:48:52,000 --> 00:48:59,059 to avoid it, the two options that are, are either war or diplomacy. 470 00:48:59,960 --> 00:49:01,139 They are going to opt for diplomacy. 471 00:49:01,780 --> 00:49:05,159 And at that conference in Munich they are going to accept that part of Czechoslovakia 472 00:49:05,159 --> 00:49:09,659 ends in German hands, in exchange for Hitler's promise of not expanding anymore. 473 00:49:10,420 --> 00:49:10,980 That's the idea. 474 00:49:11,699 --> 00:49:19,079 So the Munich conference in 1938, okay, was signed by Great Britain, Germany, France and Italy. 475 00:49:19,079 --> 00:49:26,579 And in this conference, the agreement was, okay, Germany is going to annex the Sudetenland, okay? 476 00:49:26,940 --> 00:49:33,000 Germany is going to annex these territories that they are full of German people. 477 00:49:33,260 --> 00:49:41,360 Remember this racist conception, the idea of all the Germans must be inside of Germany, under a German government. 478 00:49:41,880 --> 00:49:47,539 So the idea is they are going to accept Germany to annex the Sudetenland. 479 00:49:47,539 --> 00:49:54,980 why so in exchange of what in exchange of Hitler is going to promise to expand 480 00:49:54,980 --> 00:50:02,719 no further do you think Hitler is not going to expand is going to a it's going 481 00:50:02,719 --> 00:50:08,719 to follow this promise is going to accept this promise of course not Hitler 482 00:50:08,719 --> 00:50:14,980 is going to expand in March 1939 and is going to occupy finally Czechoslovakia 483 00:50:14,980 --> 00:50:21,159 So, this is the idea, Hitler is going to expand, sorry, here are the Sudetenlands that they 484 00:50:21,159 --> 00:50:30,300 are going to annex in September 1938 due to this Munich conference and after that in 1939, 485 00:50:30,300 --> 00:50:38,219 in March 1939, Hitler is going to occupy Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia, ok, Hitler is going 486 00:50:38,219 --> 00:50:42,800 to occupy the rest of Czechoslovakia. 487 00:50:42,800 --> 00:50:46,179 Part of Czechoslovakia is going to be for Hungary, part of Czechoslovakia is going to 488 00:50:46,179 --> 00:50:49,320 go for Poland in the beginning. 489 00:50:49,320 --> 00:50:55,500 So the idea is, these are the two last conflicts accepted by Great Britain, France and the 490 00:50:55,500 --> 00:50:56,500 US. 491 00:50:56,500 --> 00:51:05,119 It means the Sudetenland, to annex the Sudetenland in the Munich Conference in September 1938, 492 00:51:05,119 --> 00:51:14,739 And after that, the occupation, the conquest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, okay? 493 00:51:14,739 --> 00:51:20,480 And to share, to give this, to share out the territory of Czechoslovakia with other countries, 494 00:51:20,480 --> 00:51:25,320 this to Poland, these regions to Hungary. 495 00:51:25,320 --> 00:51:29,619 Slovakia, this part of here, is going to be a protectorate of Germany. 496 00:51:29,619 --> 00:51:36,460 Remember, we saw what is a protectorate during the Unit 5 related with imperialism, which 497 00:51:36,460 --> 00:51:42,199 talk about the different type of colonies and one of them was a protectorate so here Hitler 498 00:51:42,199 --> 00:51:48,579 is going to create a protectorate with Slovakia this region Bohemia and Moravia what is present 499 00:51:48,579 --> 00:51:56,559 day Czech Republic is going to be part of Germany okay so Germany is going to be here this is going 500 00:51:56,559 --> 00:52:07,920 to be the new frontier of Germany by March 1939 okay why how they are going to justify these 501 00:52:07,920 --> 00:52:11,679 annexions. They are going to justify these annexions based on the idea of 502 00:52:11,679 --> 00:52:17,400 Lebensraum, the living space. We need to expand in order to survive. Why? Because 503 00:52:17,400 --> 00:52:22,139 Germany is surrounded by enemies. You don't understand this, it's in Germany, 504 00:52:22,139 --> 00:52:27,300 but the idea is this is the number of soldiers, so the idea is Germany is 505 00:52:27,300 --> 00:52:32,440 surrounded by enemies. Germany is surrounded by enemies. Who are the 506 00:52:32,440 --> 00:52:39,639 enemies France the USA the communists the Soviet Union so due to this situation 507 00:52:39,639 --> 00:52:44,619 Germany surrounded by enemies Germany only have one way to avoid this 508 00:52:44,619 --> 00:52:52,840 situation to avoid this this this negative situation where all these 509 00:52:52,840 --> 00:52:57,719 countries are surrounding and they could attack also the allies that they are 510 00:52:57,719 --> 00:53:04,480 Italy the idea is to expand to Eastern Europe not only Germany but also Italy 511 00:53:04,480 --> 00:53:16,139 okay so remember to occupy first the Rhineland in 1936 then in March 1938 512 00:53:16,139 --> 00:53:22,860 Austria in September October 1938 the Sudetenland and finally in March 1939 513 00:53:22,860 --> 00:53:28,619 Bohemia and Moravia okay so what is the the conflict that is going to trigger 514 00:53:28,619 --> 00:53:34,679 that is going to start this the Second World War the Nazi-Soviet pact in the 515 00:53:34,679 --> 00:53:40,980 moment that this Nazi-Soviet pact is signed the UK and France are going to 516 00:53:40,980 --> 00:53:45,619 tell are going to threaten Germany saying okay if you invade Poland we are 517 00:53:45,619 --> 00:53:51,599 going to have a war when Hitler invaded Poland the 3rd of the September 3rd in 518 00:53:51,599 --> 00:53:58,440 1939 the war was declared and Germany France and the UK were at war in that 519 00:53:58,440 --> 00:54:04,019 moment so the idea is we have these democracies these democratic countries 520 00:54:04,019 --> 00:54:08,039 that they are going to develop this policy of appeasement in order to avoid 521 00:54:08,039 --> 00:54:16,059 a war with Hitler with Germany okay they are going to focus their attention on 522 00:54:16,059 --> 00:54:22,059 the on the domestic issues because this is a really important thing not the 523 00:54:22,059 --> 00:54:29,239 expansionist policy of Germany so they are going to make weak or even weaker 524 00:54:29,239 --> 00:54:32,880 the League of Nations so the League of Nations is going to fail is not going to 525 00:54:32,880 --> 00:54:38,420 is not going to be able to stop or prevent Germany to expand to Eastern 526 00:54:38,420 --> 00:54:43,000 Europe and there are going to be a two last conflicts tolerated by these 527 00:54:43,000 --> 00:54:47,239 democracies okay remember they tolerated the expansion of Japan in 1931 to 528 00:54:47,239 --> 00:54:54,880 Manchuria and in 1937 to China. They tolerated the annexation of Ethiopia and Albania by Italy 529 00:54:54,880 --> 00:55:01,260 and they tolerated the support of Germany and Italy to Franco during the Spanish Civil War. 530 00:55:01,679 --> 00:55:06,960 Now they are going to tolerate the Munich, also the Anschluss, it means the annexation of Austria 531 00:55:06,960 --> 00:55:12,320 in March 1938. Now what we are going to see is that they are going to accept in the Munich 532 00:55:12,320 --> 00:55:16,460 conference the annexation of the Sudetenland. It means the annexation of a 533 00:55:16,460 --> 00:55:22,159 territory of a different country that is Czechoslovakia. In exchange of 534 00:55:22,159 --> 00:55:27,139 what? This promise of Hitler to expand no further. After that they are going to 535 00:55:27,139 --> 00:55:35,179 accept the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Hitler in March 1939. These are 536 00:55:35,179 --> 00:55:40,800 the two last conflicts because in September 1939 the UK and France are 537 00:55:40,800 --> 00:55:45,059 going to declare war to Hitler because of the Nazi-Soviet pact. Remember the 538 00:55:45,059 --> 00:55:53,800 Nazi-Soviet pact established is a pact of no aggression between Germany and the 539 00:55:53,800 --> 00:56:00,119 Soviet Union and also is a pact in order to divide Poland in two areas, a Soviet 540 00:56:00,119 --> 00:56:06,400 area and a German area. So the UK and France with this pact they said okay we 541 00:56:06,400 --> 00:56:13,119 are not going to accept any other annexion made by Germany so Hitler if 542 00:56:13,119 --> 00:56:18,400 you attack Poland we are going to go into war so Hitler is going to invade 543 00:56:18,400 --> 00:56:24,639 Poland in 3rd September the 3rd 1939 and then the UK and France are going to 544 00:56:24,639 --> 00:56:31,059 declare war to Germany and the Second World War started okay so this is the 545 00:56:31,059 --> 00:56:35,119 idea the Germans are going to occupy this eastern part and the western part 546 00:56:35,119 --> 00:56:42,480 is going to be occupied by by the soviets by the soviet union sorry by the the communists 547 00:56:43,599 --> 00:56:51,920 the army entering the german army entering in poland okay and these are the different 548 00:56:51,920 --> 00:56:59,119 newspapers say war german troops invade poland nazis bomb nazis bomb bolso 549 00:56:59,119 --> 00:57:08,920 Hitler opens war, bombs Polish cities, Britain and France mobilize as Poland calls for aid. 550 00:57:08,920 --> 00:57:11,099 So this is the idea, is the war. 551 00:57:11,099 --> 00:57:16,500 The war is going to break September 3, 1939. 552 00:57:16,500 --> 00:57:20,179 The next video would be the explanation of the development of the war.