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Roman contributions. One of the contributions of Rome is art and

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architecture. We see this in the Pantheon, which is this building with the rounded

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dome, the Colosseum, and the Forum. Romans also influenced many technological

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feats, including Roman roads, aqueducts to carry water, Roman arches, and concrete.

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In science, the achievements of Ptolemy influenced Western civilization. Ptolemy

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was an astronomer, mathematician, and geographer of Greek descent. Remember

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that Greece is a part of the Roman Empire at this time. Ptolemy has a

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geocentric earth-centered model of the universe. It's now known as the

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Ptolemaic system, which centers around the earth. Medicine was also one area and

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public health where Romans contributed. Romans placed emphasis on public health

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by creating public baths, public water systems like this system here, which

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would be toilets and medical schools. Language. Latin and Romance languages. The Romance languages

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are a language or any language that starts with Latin. The biggest Romance languages today are

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Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, and Romanian. They are called Romance languages because they

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originated from a language spoken by the Romans. On the chart, you can see how Latin eventually

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turned into some of the several romance languages we have today. English is not a romance language

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because it is more from a German language, but we still have a lot of Latin prefixes and suffixes

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that we use, and some of our words do come from Latin origins. In literature, Virgil created an

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epic poem called the Aeneid. The Aeneid is written in Latin between 29 and 19 BC, and it tells the

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story of Aeneas, a Trojan who traveled to Italy where he became the ancestor of the Romans. It's

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similar to the Greek poet Homer and the Iliad and the Odyssey. We already know about the 12 tables,

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but these 12 tables influenced law, especially in the United States today. They developed the

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theory of innocent until proven guilty, and that means that you did not commit the crime, you're

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innocent until you go to trial and you're proven that you are guilty. The main ideas of this

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objective are that conquest and trade spread Roman culture and technological achievements

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throughout the empire. Western civilization today was influenced by the cultural achievements of Rome.