1 00:00:02,660 --> 00:00:11,259 Hello everyone, this is Kori again, and today we are going to continue talking about Spain in the Middle Ages. 2 00:00:12,380 --> 00:00:27,480 We are first going to talk about life in Al-Andalus, then we will talk about Al-Andalus society, and finally we'll discuss the legacy of Al-Andalus. 3 00:00:28,059 --> 00:00:28,920 Let's begin! 4 00:00:33,479 --> 00:00:35,380 Life in Al-Andalus 5 00:00:35,380 --> 00:00:44,399 Life was peaceful, except for the battles at the borders with the Christian kingdoms. 6 00:00:44,899 --> 00:00:57,399 So for the most part, life was calm and peaceful, but it was not peaceful at the borders where there were battles. 7 00:00:59,079 --> 00:00:59,960 Government 8 00:00:59,960 --> 00:01:09,180 Cities were ruled by a governor who lived in the Alcazaba, which is a fortress. 9 00:01:12,329 --> 00:01:15,109 So, a governor ruled the city. 10 00:01:17,879 --> 00:01:18,480 Economy 11 00:01:18,480 --> 00:01:25,920 Many people were merchants, which means they bought and sold things. 12 00:01:26,540 --> 00:01:31,000 They did this in a place called Asuk. 13 00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:39,290 There were also farmers and experts in irrigated farming. 14 00:01:40,629 --> 00:01:49,670 Irrigated farming is a type of farming where you apply controlled amounts of water to the plants. 15 00:01:53,349 --> 00:01:58,069 Some new foods were introduced in Spain by the Muslims. 16 00:01:58,890 --> 00:02:05,010 Things like rice, wheat, and oranges were brought to Spain by the Muslims. 17 00:02:05,409 --> 00:02:14,650 Religion. Many people were Muslims. Some people were Christians, and some people were Jews. 18 00:02:16,930 --> 00:02:21,550 Culture. People spoke Arabic. 19 00:02:27,939 --> 00:02:40,039 Al-Andalus society. People of different origins and religions lived side by side in Al-Andalus. 20 00:02:40,039 --> 00:02:53,439 So people from different backgrounds and different beliefs were able to live together in Al-Andalus 21 00:02:53,439 --> 00:02:58,500 There were the Muslims who were the conquerors 22 00:02:58,500 --> 00:03:07,319 There were the Mozarabs who were Hispano-Visigothic followers of Christianity 23 00:03:07,319 --> 00:03:10,780 And there were the Jews 24 00:03:10,780 --> 00:03:15,259 who were the followers of Judaism. 25 00:03:18,020 --> 00:03:22,620 Christians and Jews could live where they wanted to 26 00:03:22,620 --> 00:03:24,479 and practice their religion. 27 00:03:25,620 --> 00:03:29,840 So they could live anywhere and they could practice their religion. 28 00:03:29,840 --> 00:03:32,560 They could believe whatever they wanted to believe. 29 00:03:33,939 --> 00:03:39,300 But they couldn't have authority over a Muslim 30 00:03:39,300 --> 00:03:52,169 or carry weapons. So Christians and Jews could not have more power than a Muslim and they couldn't 31 00:03:52,169 --> 00:04:03,810 carry weapons. Christians and Jews had to pay special taxes. So they had to pay more money. 32 00:04:03,810 --> 00:04:14,379 They had to wear a special badge, and they had to obey Muslim laws. 33 00:04:14,379 --> 00:04:24,509 The Legacy of Al-Andalus 34 00:04:24,509 --> 00:04:34,509 Al-Andalus became an important center for economic, scientific, and cultural developments. 35 00:04:34,509 --> 00:04:42,740 The Muslims introduced new irrigation techniques. 36 00:04:42,740 --> 00:05:01,089 things like water wheels, wells, and ditches. The fields were filled with new crops, so there were 37 00:05:01,089 --> 00:05:10,529 new types of fruits and vegetables being grown. There were fruits like pomegranates, melons, 38 00:05:10,529 --> 00:05:21,610 and oranges, vegetables like aubergines and artichokes, as well as rice and 39 00:05:21,610 --> 00:05:34,810 cotton. And the Lucy mathematicians introduced Arabic numerals. This includes 40 00:05:34,810 --> 00:05:42,970 the number zero. So these mathematicians introduced the people to the number zero 41 00:05:42,970 --> 00:05:48,970 They also introduced papermaking and the game chess. 42 00:05:48,970 --> 00:05:56,180 Many words in Spanish come from Arabic. 43 00:05:56,180 --> 00:06:00,180 I'm going to do my best to pronounce these correctly. 44 00:06:00,180 --> 00:06:05,490 Here are some words in Spanish that came from Arabic. 45 00:06:05,490 --> 00:06:13,490 Asayeti, alcalde, jinete, cero, ojala, and ola. 46 00:06:13,490 --> 00:06:22,819 All right, so that is all for now. Goodbye!