1 00:00:01,780 --> 00:00:07,780 We are living in what is usually called Information Age Society. 2 00:00:07,780 --> 00:00:17,780 And one of the characteristics of this model is that they use electronic devices. 3 00:00:17,780 --> 00:00:25,280 All the electronic devices have the same structure, 4 00:00:25,280 --> 00:00:29,280 and the content that they are going to explain for the computers 5 00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:48,479 It can be applied to laptops or also to mobile phones or tablets. So it's in general, not just only for computers, it's in general for all the electronic devices, this Sharper. And it's the same for all of them. 6 00:00:48,479 --> 00:01:09,620 Well, first of all, here you have a small index, so we are going to talk about firstly some basic definitions. 7 00:01:09,620 --> 00:01:17,620 One of them is computing. Computing is the automatic and rational use of the information with computers. 8 00:01:17,620 --> 00:01:35,219 Computer science is the science which usually have as objective to computing, so it's very very important. 9 00:01:35,219 --> 00:01:47,219 So for computing you need a computer, obviously, and a computer is just a machine that processes or deals with big quantities of data 10 00:01:47,219 --> 00:01:56,659 very quickly well that could be not a very good definition but indeed is 11 00:01:58,340 --> 00:02:06,180 is difficult to define a computer obviously it's a machine and obviously is an electronic machine 12 00:02:07,219 --> 00:02:13,139 but the rest is difficult because nowadays you can use computer for so many things not 13 00:02:13,139 --> 00:02:20,900 just only to deal with quantities of data you also can use with different 14 00:02:24,659 --> 00:02:31,699 for example with graphics and photos and it's a it's quite it's quite i think it's 15 00:02:31,699 --> 00:02:39,139 more complicated now it has more than this application but it could be a definition 16 00:02:39,139 --> 00:02:49,759 This is that you make your own definition about computers, taking into consideration 17 00:02:49,759 --> 00:02:53,060 your own experience. 18 00:02:53,060 --> 00:03:02,620 In any case, all the electronic devices and also computers have two main systems, which 19 00:03:02,620 --> 00:03:05,939 are hardware and software. 20 00:03:05,939 --> 00:03:10,439 is the physical part of the computer or electronic devices in general and 21 00:03:10,439 --> 00:03:18,860 software is the logical part of the computer the logical part the logic 22 00:03:18,860 --> 00:03:26,580 basic part is a set of instruction and programs is the logic the logic basic of 23 00:03:26,580 --> 00:03:43,539 the computer. We are going to study hardware. In order to do better our study, we can divide 24 00:03:43,539 --> 00:03:52,580 the hardware into four main cases, four main types, which are input hardware, output hardware, 25 00:03:52,580 --> 00:04:05,860 stored and processed. Input hardware is all this hardware that it uses to enter 26 00:04:05,860 --> 00:04:10,599 information. Here you have two good examples, for example the keyboard and the mouse. 27 00:04:10,599 --> 00:04:20,800 You can also, for example, use a microphone that is only an input 28 00:04:20,800 --> 00:04:29,839 hardware and you can also have another type of input hardware, a scanner for 29 00:04:29,839 --> 00:04:37,959 example is also an input hardware. In output hardware let us to take the information 30 00:04:37,959 --> 00:04:44,540 out of the computer. Here you have two good examples, the screen, the monitor 31 00:04:44,540 --> 00:04:56,420 and also a printer you also have so many so many hardware escapes that was for 32 00:04:56,420 --> 00:05:10,930 example screen of monitor printer you have another ones that are also these 33 00:05:10,930 --> 00:05:27,720 It's important to know the process hardware. In this case, in your computer, apart from other things, 34 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:35,879 in the tower of your computer, inside the tower of your computer, you can see the motherboard. 35 00:05:35,879 --> 00:05:41,699 And in the motherboard, there are the most important hardware of your computer. 36 00:05:41,699 --> 00:05:53,699 In the motherboard you can see the microprocessor. Microprocessor is the most important hardware of process. 37 00:05:53,699 --> 00:06:10,699 It also can be divided into three or more parts, which are register array, control unit and arithmetical logic unit. 38 00:06:10,699 --> 00:06:35,699 So in a microprocessor you have some input information and in the processor it usually does a lot of simple processes as arymergic etiquette and logical processes, but very quickly. 39 00:06:35,699 --> 00:06:59,959 So you usually need in the output and the input a unit of memory in which you can store the information and it's part of the computer. It's what usually someone usually call cache memory. 40 00:06:59,959 --> 00:07:14,620 hardware, such as RAM and ROM memory. RAM and ROM memory are part of motherboard. In 41 00:07:14,620 --> 00:07:24,199 ROM memory you can store information that just only can read, it's a read-only memory, 42 00:07:24,199 --> 00:07:32,339 and in the RAM memory you can have information that you can delete if you want or you need, 43 00:07:32,339 --> 00:07:36,220 because it's random access memory. 44 00:07:36,220 --> 00:07:39,879 It's a memory that you can access at random. 45 00:07:41,540 --> 00:07:44,860 But in your computer also have a very important 46 00:07:44,860 --> 00:07:48,480 stored hardware, which is the hard disk. 47 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:54,339 Nowadays, the hard disk is disappearing, 48 00:07:54,339 --> 00:07:59,339 but in any case, we still have a hard disk. 49 00:07:59,339 --> 00:08:16,740 In the hard disk, usually you store very important information for your computer, such as operating system, as we can describe later. 50 00:08:16,740 --> 00:08:29,740 Operating system is very important for the computer, but you can also store another important information. 51 00:08:29,740 --> 00:08:38,740 You also have different types of stored hardware, such as pendrives, 52 00:08:38,740 --> 00:08:50,379 such as another kind of hardware in which you can store information files and also it can be 53 00:08:50,379 --> 00:09:03,399 classified as input-output hardware so all of these are very very important to connect your 54 00:09:03,399 --> 00:09:11,399 computer to other hardware you need ports so you can have different types of ports that you can see 55 00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:20,360 in your tower or in your in your computer obviously to connect monitors you need a 56 00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:35,960 a big port to connect for example a other so many types of hardware nowadays you use a use usb 57 00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:44,360 port so it's very important the ports are very important to connect your computer to 58 00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:57,500 different types of hardware. What happens in a computer is 59 00:09:57,500 --> 00:10:07,980 that the machine itself just only know the energy, if it is generate it is 60 00:10:07,980 --> 00:10:13,000 current or it isn't because it's an electronic machine. So the only thing 61 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:24,840 that they is capable to know is that if there is current or not. So in order to 62 00:10:24,840 --> 00:10:31,120 store information and to process information we need to codify the 63 00:10:31,120 --> 00:10:40,320 information using something that can express these two things, just only these 64 00:10:40,320 --> 00:10:57,830 to think. And there is a mathematical model which is the digital model. In the digital model 65 00:10:58,470 --> 00:11:14,070 everything can be expressed using just only 0 and 1. So you can express your 10 digits using 66 00:11:14,070 --> 00:11:22,950 just only two and you can codify the information using just only these these two states 67 00:11:24,309 --> 00:11:33,190 it's very complicated but you can do it and what what happened is if you you need to to express 68 00:11:35,269 --> 00:11:42,870 something more than one decimal digit you need at least eight bit to do it 69 00:11:44,070 --> 00:11:56,070 That is the reason why one unit of memory is usually called byte, and a byte has 8 bits. 70 00:11:56,070 --> 00:12:09,070 As we need the digital model, our digits are just only two. 71 00:12:09,070 --> 00:12:23,070 So, it's impossible that you can express 1000 using 2 as a base. 72 00:12:23,070 --> 00:12:38,070 The closest is 1024. 73 00:12:38,070 --> 00:12:49,710 that there is a way if you want to interchange from one byte to the next unit, 74 00:12:49,710 --> 00:12:53,210 which is kilobyte, 75 00:12:53,210 --> 00:12:57,250 a kilobyte is not just only 1,000 bytes, 76 00:12:57,250 --> 00:13:02,570 is indeed 1,024 bytes. 77 00:13:02,570 --> 00:13:06,190 So it's important for all of us to know this.