1 00:00:01,199 --> 00:00:07,440 Okay, so I'll take it from where we were yesterday, okay? 2 00:00:08,279 --> 00:00:13,460 So, yesterday, I told you, we have three places we have to look at, okay? 3 00:00:13,740 --> 00:00:16,100 To coordinate the menstrual cycle. 4 00:00:17,199 --> 00:00:19,600 Place number one, the uterus, right? 5 00:00:19,739 --> 00:00:20,899 We started from there. 6 00:00:21,440 --> 00:00:27,699 We said, in the first around five days of the cycle, what we have is the menstruation. 7 00:00:27,699 --> 00:00:32,340 And during these days, the endometrius is being destroyed, okay? 8 00:00:32,799 --> 00:00:37,159 I told you yesterday that the endometrius is kind of like a nest, okay? 9 00:00:37,340 --> 00:00:41,000 That the body builds in case an embryo comes, okay? 10 00:00:41,420 --> 00:00:43,780 Which is something I will explain later in a moment. 11 00:00:44,719 --> 00:00:47,700 Then, after those first days, what happens? 12 00:00:48,079 --> 00:00:51,140 We're going to have a new endometrium being formed, okay? 13 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:52,359 From that moment. 14 00:00:52,780 --> 00:00:56,659 In the beginning, just a little bit, and in the end, a lot more, okay? 15 00:00:56,659 --> 00:01:04,239 fine then we said in parallel at the same time in the ovary all the things are happening what 16 00:01:04,239 --> 00:01:13,280 is happening first of all during the first 14 days a follicle develops a mature ovum okay 17 00:01:13,280 --> 00:01:18,859 a follicle what is a follicle a follicle is a group of cells that is going to create the 18 00:01:18,859 --> 00:01:28,859 environment to make the opium mature okay good so when this follicle is ready and the opium is 19 00:01:28,859 --> 00:01:36,239 mature and it's ready to go let's say then we will have ovulation and when ovulation happens 20 00:01:36,239 --> 00:01:44,620 there is a big peak a big increase in this hormone okay the estrogens right good so the 21 00:01:44,620 --> 00:01:54,620 estrogens are going to be very high in ovulation. Then, after ovulation, the ovum gets out of 22 00:01:54,620 --> 00:02:00,280 the ovary, okay? And where does it go? We said it goes to the fallopian tube, okay? 23 00:02:00,640 --> 00:02:07,280 Fine. And what happens with the remainings of the follicle? It's going to turn into something 24 00:02:07,280 --> 00:02:13,680 called the luteus corpse. And this thing is important, why? Because it produces another 25 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:17,120 hormone and this other hormone that produces is progesterone 26 00:02:33,710 --> 00:02:41,789 fine okay good then a progesterone what does it do what did we say it makes the endometrium 27 00:02:41,789 --> 00:02:46,590 wrong okay so why is important because of that because it makes the endometrium wrong okay 28 00:02:48,669 --> 00:03:00,669 Fine. And now, this is the new information, okay? What I said now, it was just like a review from the other, from what we said last day, okay? Yesterday, actually. 29 00:03:00,669 --> 00:03:09,669 What makes the ovary behave like this? Because there has to be something that is giving the orders to the ovary, okay? 30 00:03:09,669 --> 00:03:14,669 The ovary is giving orders to the uterus, but who is giving orders to the ovary? 31 00:03:14,669 --> 00:03:21,050 then there is something in our body that is coordinating everything and that is um that is 32 00:03:21,050 --> 00:03:28,009 going to happen in our brain in a special part called the hypothalamus this part receives orders 33 00:03:28,009 --> 00:03:35,270 from the brain but produces hormones okay it's a gland an endocrine gland that produces hormones 34 00:03:35,270 --> 00:03:43,610 yes we studied that in the previous unit okay it's an endocrine gland it receives orders from 35 00:03:43,610 --> 00:03:50,409 the brain but it produces hormones okay fine so which are the hormones that are going to direct 36 00:03:50,409 --> 00:03:57,849 the behavior of the ovary there are two hormones for that the hormones are called are called lh 37 00:04:00,090 --> 00:04:02,810 and the second one is called fsh 38 00:04:02,810 --> 00:04:05,810 Let's see, I'm going to put them the other way around. 39 00:04:05,810 --> 00:04:08,810 The hormones. These are hormones, okay? 40 00:04:08,810 --> 00:04:16,410 Let's see, wait a moment. 41 00:04:16,410 --> 00:04:21,410 Okay, so this hormone, first of all, it has a full name. 42 00:04:21,410 --> 00:04:23,410 It's a difficult name, but it helps. 43 00:04:23,410 --> 00:04:30,410 What is this name? It's called follicle stimulating hormone. 44 00:04:30,410 --> 00:04:32,410 Follicle stimulating hormone. 45 00:04:32,410 --> 00:04:35,410 And what is this name saying to us? 46 00:04:35,410 --> 00:04:38,269 that it is making the follicle develop, ¿vale? 47 00:04:38,269 --> 00:04:42,110 Se llama hormona folliculostimulante en español, ¿vale? 48 00:04:42,230 --> 00:04:44,550 Follicle stimulating, same in English, ¿vale? 49 00:04:44,769 --> 00:04:45,810 And what does it do? 50 00:04:46,230 --> 00:04:48,949 It stimulates the growth of the follicle, 51 00:04:49,250 --> 00:04:51,490 and it makes the ovum mature, okay? 52 00:04:51,990 --> 00:04:56,490 So this FSH hormone is going to direct this process. 53 00:04:59,170 --> 00:05:04,089 Good, and when the ovum leaves the follicle, 54 00:05:04,089 --> 00:05:06,529 then the brain, the hypothalamus 55 00:05:06,529 --> 00:05:07,910 will start producing the second 56 00:05:07,910 --> 00:05:10,209 the second one, which is called 57 00:05:10,209 --> 00:05:10,990 LH 58 00:05:10,990 --> 00:05:12,930 when FSH 59 00:05:12,930 --> 00:05:16,310 first FSH is produced 60 00:05:16,310 --> 00:05:18,110 when the ovum is released 61 00:05:18,110 --> 00:05:20,110 it will send the other one, the LH 62 00:05:20,110 --> 00:05:22,209 this second hormone is called 63 00:05:22,209 --> 00:05:23,670 luteinizing hormone 64 00:05:23,670 --> 00:05:25,310 hormona luteinizante in Spanish 65 00:05:25,310 --> 00:05:26,870 and what does it do? 66 00:05:27,470 --> 00:05:29,250 it makes the corpus luteus 67 00:05:29,250 --> 00:05:30,910 to progress 68 00:05:30,910 --> 00:05:32,949 and this way 69 00:05:32,949 --> 00:05:34,029 the LH 70 00:05:34,029 --> 00:05:37,029 is controlling 71 00:05:37,029 --> 00:05:37,970 this other part 72 00:05:37,970 --> 00:05:40,810 so the FSH 73 00:05:40,810 --> 00:05:43,089 controls the first part of the cycle 74 00:05:43,089 --> 00:05:45,069 mostly and the LH controls 75 00:05:45,069 --> 00:05:45,870 the second one 76 00:05:45,870 --> 00:05:48,269 this way 77 00:05:48,269 --> 00:05:50,430 if we look at this from the 78 00:05:50,430 --> 00:05:52,970 like the other way around 79 00:05:52,970 --> 00:05:55,290 we look at it from the top 80 00:05:55,290 --> 00:05:56,750 we start from the brain 81 00:05:56,750 --> 00:05:57,990 what do we have? 82 00:05:58,990 --> 00:06:01,389 the brain is producing hormones 83 00:06:01,389 --> 00:06:02,730 that control the ovary 84 00:06:02,730 --> 00:06:31,410 Which ones? First, it produces FSH and FSH makes the follicle mature, okay? Second, when the ovum is ready and goes to the fallopian tube, then the brain, the hypothalamus, sends a second hormone. Which one? The LH. And the LH makes the luteus corpus form, okay? And then this one is going to produce the second one, okay? The second hormone. 85 00:06:31,410 --> 00:06:44,910 So, in the ovary we have this situation, and thanks to this situation in the ovary, then we're going to have a second set of hormones that control the uterus, okay? 86 00:06:44,910 --> 00:06:51,790 So the follicle sends estrogens, and the luteus cord sends progesterone, okay? 87 00:06:52,990 --> 00:07:03,389 And estrogens work in many parts in the body, but progesterone, I want you to think that it's very important for the endometrium to grow, okay? 88 00:07:03,810 --> 00:07:05,230 This is the connection of everything. 89 00:07:06,430 --> 00:07:11,589 Anyway, this is what I didn't have time yesterday to say about this, okay? 90 00:07:11,589 --> 00:07:14,209 Any questions? I know this is a bit difficult, okay? 91 00:07:14,209 --> 00:07:33,410 But the idea here is that you think that an endocrine gland in the brain, located in our brain, is sending a hormone to the ovaries and the ovaries are sending other hormones to the uterus. And this way they are all coordinated. Okay? That would be like a summary of what we see. 92 00:07:33,410 --> 00:07:44,029 this one is sending these hormones and they are detected by the ovary okay and then the ovary 93 00:07:44,029 --> 00:07:49,569 sends these two hormones to the uterus okay and they all influence each other okay you have to 94 00:07:49,569 --> 00:07:57,449 read this carefully anyway okay from the book and this will be the menstrual cycle and now 95 00:07:57,449 --> 00:08:03,269 we're going to study what happens if there's actually fertilization okay so for that i will 96 00:08:03,269 --> 00:08:05,129 Don't go to the book.