1
00:00:01,340 --> 00:00:12,019
Hello everyone and welcome to unit number 6 of social science, about rivers in Spain.

2
00:00:12,019 --> 00:00:20,309
In this new unit of social science we'll study rivers in our country.

3
00:00:20,309 --> 00:00:27,629
So first of all we'll start with this map to see the most important rivers that we need

4
00:00:27,629 --> 00:00:28,629
to remember.

5
00:00:28,629 --> 00:00:38,229
If you look at the map, you can see that some of the rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean

6
00:00:38,229 --> 00:00:46,909
to the west of the Iberian Peninsula, some other rivers flow into the Mediterranean Sea

7
00:00:46,909 --> 00:00:55,750
to the east of the Iberian Peninsula, and some other short rivers flow into the Cantabrian

8
00:00:55,750 --> 00:01:01,130
sea to the north of the Iberian Peninsula, though these rivers are not

9
00:01:01,130 --> 00:01:09,310
shown on the map, but we'll study them later. So, I've got a question. Can you tell me

10
00:01:09,310 --> 00:01:17,430
which rivers flow into the Atlantic Ocean? I'll give you a clue. There are

11
00:01:17,430 --> 00:01:29,060
five rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean. Well done! Minho, Duero, Tajo,

12
00:01:29,060 --> 00:01:37,540
Guadiana and Guadalquivir, all of them flow into the Atlantic Ocean to the west

13
00:01:37,540 --> 00:01:46,900
of Spain. Can you find the rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea? There are

14
00:01:46,900 --> 00:01:56,480
three rivers flowing into the mediterranean sea and you see them that's it Ebro, Jucar and Segura

15
00:01:56,480 --> 00:02:06,000
the three of them flow to the mediterranean sea and later we'll see the rivers flowing

16
00:02:06,000 --> 00:02:15,199
into the Cantabrian sea. En esta unidad de ciencias sociales vamos a aprender los ríos

17
00:02:15,199 --> 00:02:20,360
most important of the Iberian Peninsula here you have some of them of the most

18
00:02:20,360 --> 00:02:24,340
important that we have to learn starting with the rivers that

19
00:02:24,340 --> 00:02:30,699
they are in the Atlantic Ocean the Niño the Duero the Tajo the Guadiana and the

20
00:02:30,699 --> 00:02:36,000
Guadalquivir and the rivers that are in the Mediterranean Sea the Ebro the Júcar

21
00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:40,120
and the Segura in this map we are missing the rivers that are in the

22
00:02:40,120 --> 00:02:49,120
Cantabrian as the Eo, the Nerrion or the Nalón that we will later see, so apart from these rivers

23
00:02:49,120 --> 00:02:55,560
there are also other rivers, of course these rivers have many afluents that lead to them and that

24
00:02:55,560 --> 00:03:00,120
we will also see little by little throughout this presentation.

25
00:03:10,120 --> 00:03:17,719
We can just have a look at these photos and read this information because it is really

26
00:03:17,719 --> 00:03:21,819
interesting and I'm sure that you will like it.

27
00:03:21,819 --> 00:03:30,319
In Andalusia there is a deep canyon in the Vedic mountain chain called the Gorge of Gaitans.

28
00:03:30,319 --> 00:03:36,629
The river Guadalhorce flows through that canyon.

29
00:03:36,629 --> 00:03:43,969
In the early 20th century, workers at the local power station needed a path to get to

30
00:03:43,969 --> 00:03:45,469
the station.

31
00:03:45,469 --> 00:03:53,930
They constructed a walkway along the side of the gorge, 100 meters above the river Guadalhorce,

32
00:03:53,930 --> 00:03:57,590
so it was really, really, really high.

33
00:03:57,590 --> 00:04:07,590
In 1921 King Alfonso XIII visited this amazing walkway, since then it has been called the

34
00:04:07,590 --> 00:04:14,930
Caminito del Rey or in English the King's path.

35
00:04:14,930 --> 00:04:22,009
So this path was in very bad conditions some years ago and you can see here this photo

36
00:04:22,009 --> 00:04:32,389
that there were some holes and it was really dangerous, people had to climb just to get

37
00:04:32,389 --> 00:04:37,970
from one side of the path to the other one because the path had totally disappeared,

38
00:04:37,970 --> 00:04:46,569
it was demolished, so it was really really really dangerous, but fortunately in 2015

39
00:04:46,569 --> 00:04:53,230
walkway was rebuilt and now tourists can go along the walkway and enjoy the

40
00:04:53,230 --> 00:05:01,589
incredible views from the top and now it's time to travel to the Kings path

41
00:05:01,589 --> 00:05:08,449
here you can watch this video about the path it's really really interesting

42
00:05:08,449 --> 00:05:15,009
video that i recommend you to watch because of the wonderful views of the path and also

43
00:05:15,009 --> 00:05:16,389
their lesson one

44
00:05:16,389 --> 00:05:34,120
muchas son las historias que han circulado a lo largo de los años alrededor del mítico

45
00:05:34,120 --> 00:05:46,050
caminito del rey rehabilitado y reabierto al público en 2015 este sendero discurre a través

46
00:05:46,050 --> 00:05:56,209
Can you see the path here? On the left? There are two paths, in fact, because the one that

47
00:05:56,209 --> 00:06:09,810
is below this one is the old one, the old path, the one that King Alfonso XIII visited.

48
00:06:09,810 --> 00:06:19,170
the new path that was built in 2015 is made up of wood and is above the old one so that's the

49
00:06:19,170 --> 00:06:28,449
reason why there are two paths but if you visited this uh this place this path you would walk

50
00:06:28,449 --> 00:06:34,050
on this one on the new one okay because the last one can't be used any longer

51
00:06:34,050 --> 00:06:41,350
Paraje Natural de Filadero de los Gaitanes, un recorrido fascinante y único, enclavado

52
00:06:41,350 --> 00:06:45,529
entre las localidades malagueñas de Antequera, Ardales y Alora.

53
00:07:23,600 --> 00:07:33,100
you can try to answer on your own and then you can check your own answers with this slide.

54
00:07:33,100 --> 00:07:41,120
And now we are going to study to see what is a river, which is really really important

55
00:07:41,120 --> 00:07:43,060
in this unit.

56
00:07:43,060 --> 00:07:48,459
A river is a large flowing body of fresh water.

57
00:07:48,459 --> 00:07:54,860
We need to distinguish a river and a lake, because it is true that both of them have

58
00:07:54,860 --> 00:08:03,839
got fresh water, but whereas a river flows down from the top of the mountain, from the

59
00:08:03,839 --> 00:08:14,079
source all the way down to the sea, in the case of lakes, water stays in the same place.

60
00:08:14,079 --> 00:08:20,060
So that would be the difference between a river and a lake in general terms.

61
00:08:20,399 --> 00:08:32,500
La diferencia entre un río y un lago es que en el caso de los ríos, el agua fluye desde el nacimiento del río, en la parte alta de las montañas, hasta la desembocadura.

62
00:08:33,279 --> 00:08:38,720
Mientras que en el caso de los lagos, el agua permanece en el mismo lugar.

63
00:08:38,720 --> 00:08:48,340
so rivers begin in high areas in mountains and this place would be the source of the river

64
00:08:48,340 --> 00:09:00,360
the source where the river begins and while the river flows down to the mouth there may be other

65
00:09:00,360 --> 00:09:11,080
tributary rivers that flow into the main river so have a look at this photo on the right and you can

66
00:09:11,080 --> 00:09:21,799
see the main river and the tributary river flowing into it okay this is the tributary river the duero

67
00:09:21,799 --> 00:09:31,899
river has got lots of tributary rivers. For example, the Pisuerga river is a tributary river of the Duero.

68
00:09:33,440 --> 00:09:40,279
El río Duero tiene muchos ríos tributarios o afluentes que desembocan en él. Por ejemplo,

69
00:09:40,279 --> 00:09:47,299
el río Pisuerga es un río afluente del río Duero. ¿Por qué? Porque el río Pisuerga, igual que este,

70
00:09:47,299 --> 00:09:54,299
it flows into the Duero River and then the Duero River continues to its mouth.

71
00:10:17,299 --> 00:10:23,799
Some days ago, do you remember what's the river with the largest flow?

72
00:10:23,799 --> 00:10:36,799
Exactly, the Ebro river, the Ebro is the river with the largest flow in Spain, so it is the river that carries more water, ok?

73
00:10:36,799 --> 00:10:43,799
The Ebro river is the most flowy river in Spain because it is the river with the most water flow, and when we talk about flow,

74
00:10:43,799 --> 00:10:51,860
del caudal del agua de la cantidad de agua que un río lleva y precisamente la cantidad de agua que

75
00:10:51,860 --> 00:10:58,580
un río lleva está condicionada por muchos factores que vamos a ver en este vídeo en concreto vamos a

76
00:10:58,580 --> 00:11:04,779
ver dos que son por un lado como afecta a la montaña y el relieve y por otro lado como afecta

77
00:11:04,779 --> 00:11:12,039
el clima evidentemente en una zona donde llueva más el candado el caudal del río será mayor que

78
00:11:12,039 --> 00:11:18,460
una zona donde llueva menos y haya periodos de sequía y también las montañas afectarán en la

79
00:11:18,460 --> 00:11:27,340
velocidad del río cuanto más alta sea cuanto más alto esté el nacimiento y más cerca esté la

80
00:11:27,340 --> 00:11:34,039
desembocadura mayor será la velocidad del río y luego también depende de la longitud del río

81
00:11:34,039 --> 00:11:40,480
depende del relieve si la desembocadura está muy lejos del nacimiento entonces el río será muy

82
00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:46,279
largo como es el caso del río Ebro que nace en la cordillera cantábrica y desemboca en el mar

83
00:11:46,279 --> 00:11:53,899
mediterráneo tiene un recorrido muy largo so these are some of the aspects that influence rivers and

84
00:11:53,899 --> 00:12:01,799
influence the flow of the river the amount of water that rivers carry so let's watch this video

85
00:12:01,799 --> 00:12:10,240
the flow of the rivers have two main influences

86
00:12:11,860 --> 00:12:18,500
The first one are the mountains and their relief.

87
00:12:18,500 --> 00:12:24,500
Rivers are long when they come from a long way from the sea.

88
00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:30,980
Rivers are short when they rise in mountains near the sea.

89
00:12:30,980 --> 00:12:35,100
But the climate also affects the flow of the rivers.

90
00:12:35,100 --> 00:12:39,059
Rivers in wet climates have an abundant flow.

91
00:12:39,059 --> 00:12:48,059
Rivers in drier climates have an irregular flow.

92
00:12:48,059 --> 00:12:51,200
Let's talk now about the course of a river.

93
00:12:51,200 --> 00:12:56,299
The course of a river is the route of the river from its source to its mouth.

94
00:12:56,299 --> 00:13:03,059
If the main river finds other rivers, these are called tributaries.

95
00:13:03,059 --> 00:13:08,240
also a place where fresh water from the river mixes with the seawater from the

96
00:13:08,240 --> 00:13:14,279
sea this is called stewardy and well this is something that we already know

97
00:13:14,279 --> 00:13:21,379
the beginning the beginning of the river is called the source where the river

98
00:13:21,379 --> 00:13:27,659
starts then while it flows down there may be tributary rivers flowing into the

99
00:13:27,659 --> 00:13:35,019
name river and the Indian part of the river is called the mouth and in that mouth there

100
00:13:35,019 --> 00:13:45,419
may be stories when the fresh water of the river mixes the salt water of oceans so in

101
00:13:45,419 --> 00:13:55,340
this part there is a mixture of fresh and salty water and in this part there may also be deltas

102
00:13:55,340 --> 00:14:02,379
okay with some materials that are left here okay materials that rivers carry

103
00:14:03,019 --> 00:14:08,700
there are deltas places where materials carried by the river are deposited at the mouth

104
00:14:11,899 --> 00:14:15,179
these deltas have normally the shape of a triangle

105
00:14:18,620 --> 00:14:23,259
finally we've got the flow is the amount of water a river carries

106
00:14:25,340 --> 00:14:36,720
If the flow is low in summer and high in winter, we can say it has an irregular flow, but if

107
00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:44,720
the flow stays the same, we say the flow is regular.

108
00:14:44,720 --> 00:14:50,120
To finish, I can tell you that the course of a river is divided into three parts, upper

109
00:14:50,120 --> 00:15:01,100
course middle course and lower course okay and that is really important the three parts of the river

110
00:15:01,100 --> 00:15:10,539
that we are going to see here in this slide you can see that river can be divided into three

111
00:15:10,539 --> 00:15:17,740
different parts the upper course the middle course and the lower course okay these are the three main

112
00:15:17,740 --> 00:15:24,580
parts of the river so the source is in the upper course and the mouth is in the

113
00:15:24,580 --> 00:15:32,559
lower course and in the middle course there may be many tributary rivers

114
00:15:32,559 --> 00:15:43,600
flowing into the main and in here we can see some different photos and videos of

115
00:15:43,600 --> 00:15:48,980
the parts of the river of the upper course every river has three main parts

116
00:15:48,980 --> 00:15:55,779
the upper course the upper course of the river is the part which is closest to

117
00:15:55,779 --> 00:16:00,820
the source the upper course is known for having a narrow shallow riverbed steep

118
00:16:00,820 --> 00:16:05,620
slopes slow moving water and large sediment features of the upper course

119
00:16:05,620 --> 00:16:10,840
include waterfalls v-shaped valleys interlocking spurs and gorges the middle

120
00:16:10,840 --> 00:16:16,220
course. The middle course is the center part of the river. The middle course is known for having

121
00:16:16,220 --> 00:16:21,279
a kind of wide and deep riverbed, pebbles of sediment, and a faster flow than the upper course.

122
00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:27,960
Features of the middle course include meanders and oxbow lakes. The lower course. The lower

123
00:16:27,960 --> 00:16:32,899
course is the part of the river closest to the mouth and is known for many features. For example,

124
00:16:32,899 --> 00:16:40,279
flat land, having the smallest sediment size, e.g. sand, the water's flow being

125
00:16:40,279 --> 00:16:48,820
fastest even though it looks calm, meanders, oxbow lakes, floodplains, levees,

126
00:16:48,820 --> 00:16:56,899
sometimes a delta or estuary, and it's the widest and deepest part of the river.

127
00:16:56,899 --> 00:17:22,720
In the video I have explained the three parts of the river, in the highest part of the river, in the first part, upper course, is where the slope is higher and therefore the water goes down faster and there is also a lot of erosion and therefore there are materials that are mixed with the water and the river carries those materials with it.

128
00:17:22,720 --> 00:17:28,720
and during the middle course

129
00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:31,720
is where those materials continue

130
00:17:31,720 --> 00:17:34,720
and little by little they can be deposited

131
00:17:34,720 --> 00:17:37,720
and also the afluent rivers can appear

132
00:17:37,720 --> 00:17:40,720
and finally in the lower part of the river

133
00:17:40,720 --> 00:17:42,720
is where those materials can be deposited

134
00:17:42,720 --> 00:17:45,720
and the estuaries that we have previously seen are formed

135
00:17:55,119 --> 00:18:01,599
just have to click on this link to access and this is another video about

136
00:18:01,599 --> 00:18:08,680
the river watersheds in Spain that you can watch later this is a map with the

137
00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:13,740
most important rivers here you can see the tributary rivers flowing into the

138
00:18:13,740 --> 00:18:21,660
Duero this is the Pisuerga river by the way and we are going to see now the

139
00:18:21,660 --> 00:18:26,279
rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean the runs that flow into the Mediterranean

140
00:18:26,279 --> 00:18:32,579
Sea and the ones that flow into the Cantabrian Sea so the rivers that flow

141
00:18:32,579 --> 00:18:39,740
into the Atlantic Ocean are Minho, Duero, Tajo, Guadalquivir and Guadalquivir

142
00:18:39,740 --> 00:18:48,700
the Minho is here in Galicia, the Duero, Croges, Castilla y Leon and also Portugal

143
00:18:48,700 --> 00:18:54,940
the country that is next to Spain the Tahoe that is the longest river in the

144
00:18:54,940 --> 00:19:02,099
Iberian Peninsula and that by the way we'll see now that it crosses the south

145
00:19:02,099 --> 00:19:09,539
of the autonomous community of Madrid and the Guadalquivir river that crosses

146
00:19:09,539 --> 00:19:16,980
some important cities such as Sevilla and Cordoba so this is the Minya river

147
00:19:16,980 --> 00:19:24,579
crossing Orense in Galicia this is the Duero River crossing the city of Oporto

148
00:19:24,579 --> 00:19:32,480
in Portugal this is the Tajo that is the longest in the Iberian Peninsula crossing

149
00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:38,980
the beautiful city of Toledo in Castilla la Mancha this is the Guadiana River

150
00:19:38,980 --> 00:19:46,619
crossing Badajoz in Extremadura and this is the Guadalquivir River crossing the

151
00:19:46,619 --> 00:19:55,180
city of cordova in andalusia by the way can you tell me what's the name of this building that is

152
00:19:55,180 --> 00:20:03,339
behind the bridge you know the name of this building it is a very famous monument in the

153
00:20:03,339 --> 00:20:10,940
city of cordova it is the mosque that was built by the muslims many many years ago and that by the

154
00:20:10,940 --> 00:20:20,220
way we'll see later when we study history so now we'll see the rivers that flow into the

155
00:20:20,220 --> 00:20:29,259
mediterranean sea first of all the euro river that is the longest river in spain in our country the

156
00:20:29,259 --> 00:20:39,099
source is in the cantabrian mountain range so it is really far away from the mouth the hookah and

157
00:20:39,099 --> 00:20:49,039
de Segura. This is the Ebro river crossing the city of Zaragoza in Aragón and here you've

158
00:20:49,039 --> 00:20:57,599
got some questions about the Ebro river. Where is the source of the Ebro river? Do you remember?

159
00:20:57,599 --> 00:21:07,019
I just said it some seconds ago. The source is in the Cantabrian mountain range. Then

160
00:21:07,019 --> 00:21:16,259
where does it flow to? Where does the Ebro river flow to? Do you remember? You can look

161
00:21:16,259 --> 00:21:25,799
here on this map, the Ebro river flows to the Mediterranean Sea, and what are its tributary

162
00:21:25,799 --> 00:21:35,579
rivers? The tributary rivers of the Ebro are the Segre and Jalón, among many others, because

163
00:21:35,579 --> 00:21:40,279
the Ebro has got many tributary rivers.

164
00:21:40,279 --> 00:21:43,440
So these are the answers to our questions.

165
00:21:43,440 --> 00:21:49,359
And we have also the Juca River that is much shorter than the Ebro, crossing the city of

166
00:21:49,359 --> 00:21:52,400
Cuenca in Castilla-La Mancha.

167
00:21:52,400 --> 00:21:58,720
And this is the Segura River crossing Murcia in Región de Murcia.

168
00:21:58,720 --> 00:22:02,539
And finally, rivers that flow into the Cantabrian Sea.

169
00:22:02,539 --> 00:22:10,480
We have the Nerbion, Eo, Navia and Nalon, and as you can see they are very short, why?

170
00:22:10,480 --> 00:22:16,859
Here you've got the answer, because the source of this river is in the Cantabrian mountain

171
00:22:16,859 --> 00:22:26,160
range, so therefore the source is very close to the mouth and they are very short, ok?

172
00:22:26,160 --> 00:22:31,559
This is the Nerbion's source, you can see here the snow at the top of the mountains

173
00:22:31,559 --> 00:22:43,680
and what happens that when the snow melts then the river begins, ok, while snow is melting

174
00:22:43,680 --> 00:22:51,279
there is fresh water flowing all the way down, and this is the Nervion river crossing a very

175
00:22:51,279 --> 00:22:57,720
important city that you probably know because maybe you've already visited, do you know

176
00:22:57,720 --> 00:23:03,460
name of this city the clue is here this is the clue to know the name of this

177
00:23:03,460 --> 00:23:10,440
city what's the name of this museum that is over here of modern art this is the

178
00:23:10,440 --> 00:23:20,039
Guggenheim Museum and this is the city of Bilbao in the Basque Country and here

179
00:23:20,039 --> 00:23:25,859
you've got the El River crossing Puente Nuevo in Galicia and the Nalón River

180
00:23:25,859 --> 00:23:32,519
crossing Sama in Asturias by the way do you see the materials that are deposited

181
00:23:32,519 --> 00:23:39,539
here so some activities to practice now it's time to remember these are some

182
00:23:39,539 --> 00:23:48,460
activities that you can do later you've got also the answers to check once

183
00:23:48,460 --> 00:23:58,630
finished and this is the end of the unit you did a fantastic job and finally here

184
00:23:58,630 --> 00:24:03,569
in case you want to learn a little bit more you can have a look at this

185
00:24:03,569 --> 00:24:11,069
extension activity about they say a river that well it is an international

186
00:24:11,069 --> 00:24:16,509
competition and it is really really interesting and apart from reading this

187
00:24:16,509 --> 00:24:21,670
if you want you can just have a look at some videos that you can find on YouTube

188
00:24:21,670 --> 00:24:28,269
so this is the end of the presentation I hope it's been useful and see you all

189
00:24:28,269 --> 00:24:31,349
soon bye bye