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Hello, welcome to pronunciation practice.

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My name is Sammy, and I am an American English language student.

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Today, we're going to practice pronouncing past tense sounds using regular verbs ending

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in E-D.

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For regular verbs, we usually add E-D to the end of the verb to make it past tense.

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The spelling is easy because you just add E-D, but the pronunciation can be a little

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tricky.

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Last weekend, I walked to the restaurant.

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When I got there, I glanced through the menu.

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The waiter arrived, and I ordered a steak.

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After dinner, the waiter handed me the bill.

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I left happy because my meal tasted great.

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These verbs all have the past tense E-D, but they are pronounced in three different ways.

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In walked and glanced, the E-D makes a tt sound, walked, glanced.

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The E-D in arrived and ordered ended with a d sound, arrived, ordered.

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The E-D in handed and tasted ended with an id sound, handed, tasted.

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So how do you know which E-D pronunciation to use?

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There are three rules to remember.

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First, if the verb ends in a tt or dd sound, use the id ending.

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For example, the past tense of verbs want and need becomes wanted or needed.

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If the verb ends in one of the following voiceless sounds, such as p, k, f, s, sh, ch, or f,

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use the tt sound for past tense.

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For example, we have helped and washed.

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If the verb ends in any vowel or in a voiced sound, like l, m, n, j, r, g, b, v, w, z,

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use the d ending.

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For example, called, played.

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Remember how we saw that spelling and sounds don't match up?

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Well, look at the following words, missed, sliced, and fixed.

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The last sound in each verb is spelled differently, but they all make the s sound.

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That's why they get the tt past tense ending.

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Remember to focus on the last sound of a word.

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Both promised and closed have an s before the ed ending.

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However, promised has an s sound and closed has a z sound.

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That's why promised has a tt ending and closed has the d ending.

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Now you try.

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What are the American English pronunciations for these past tense verbs?

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Click pause to try the activity and press play when you are ready to continue.

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I used an umbrella.

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The ice cream melted.

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He pushed the button.

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I studied for the test.

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Next time, we'll practice pronouncing long and short vowels.

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This is American English.

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Thanks for watching!