1 00:00:01,010 --> 00:00:07,769 Imagine that you're flying in a plane. Beautiful skies, amazing views, but how 2 00:00:07,769 --> 00:00:13,550 do you know where to go? There aren't any signs floating in the air, right? So how 3 00:00:13,550 --> 00:00:22,370 do pilots know where to land their planes? Would you like to find out? 4 00:00:22,370 --> 00:00:28,170 Yeah, I would. In this lab we're going to be learning about the invisible lines 5 00:00:28,170 --> 00:00:45,159 that help us navigate the world longitude and latitude this is a compass 6 00:00:45,159 --> 00:00:51,579 it can tell you which direction you were traveling north east south west a good 7 00:00:51,579 --> 00:00:57,100 way to remember is to remember the saying never eat soggy waffles but just 8 00:00:57,100 --> 00:01:01,000 knowing which direction you're going isn't enough to pinpoint a specific 9 00:01:01,000 --> 00:01:07,879 place look here let's say we're here and we want to go to that spot right there 10 00:01:07,879 --> 00:01:15,879 We know we're going east, but how far east? Where do I stop? Is it southeast? Northeast? 11 00:01:15,879 --> 00:01:23,879 Now imagine you were up in the air and you wanted to find this point. How would you be able to see it? 12 00:01:23,879 --> 00:01:26,879 Yeah, I'm not seeing any dots up here. 13 00:01:26,879 --> 00:01:33,879 That's right. Well, we can help him by drawing some lines to really find that point. 14 00:01:33,879 --> 00:01:37,879 Can you picture these lines running all around the Earth? 15 00:01:38,760 --> 00:01:43,340 These are called lines of longitude, and they run north and south. 16 00:01:43,680 --> 00:01:45,420 But that's not what they're there for. 17 00:01:46,079 --> 00:01:50,200 Hi, Dr. Nagler. It took me all night, but I finally finished hand-making that globe you wanted. 18 00:01:50,879 --> 00:01:54,459 Excellent. Looks good. Especially the lines. 19 00:01:55,040 --> 00:01:57,680 What do you think these longitude lines tell us? 20 00:01:58,420 --> 00:02:00,939 Well, imagine if you could cut through one. 21 00:02:01,659 --> 00:02:02,859 Why imagine? 22 00:02:03,879 --> 00:02:04,879 Let's do it! 23 00:02:08,879 --> 00:02:18,210 You cut through my globe! 24 00:02:18,210 --> 00:02:21,210 Of course I did, and it cut very nicely. 25 00:02:21,210 --> 00:02:32,210 You see, longitude lines run north to south, but they separate east and west. 26 00:02:32,210 --> 00:02:36,210 To help identify these lines, we number them. 27 00:02:36,210 --> 00:02:42,750 This line is zero degrees longitude, also known as the prime meridian. 28 00:02:43,770 --> 00:02:45,909 Degrees in this case isn't temperature. 29 00:02:46,330 --> 00:02:51,449 It's a unit of measure that we tell how far away from the center we are. 30 00:02:52,530 --> 00:02:57,550 So we start with zero degrees, and we move away from the center. 31 00:02:57,909 --> 00:03:03,409 So this line would be 10 degrees, and this one would be 20 degrees, and so on. 32 00:03:03,409 --> 00:03:11,009 And also notice on the other side of zero, the same thing happens, 10 degrees and 20 degrees. 33 00:03:11,770 --> 00:03:17,370 And the way we label these is which side of zero is east and west. 34 00:03:17,810 --> 00:03:24,229 And you'll notice that this point is 10 degrees east, and this one is 10 degrees west. 35 00:03:25,310 --> 00:03:31,270 So here is our point at 30 degrees east, but is that enough to land our plane? 36 00:03:31,270 --> 00:03:32,770 What do you think? 37 00:03:33,409 --> 00:03:37,250 Okay, I'm flying on that longitude, but I don't see the runway. 38 00:03:37,250 --> 00:03:39,250 That's not enough information. 39 00:03:39,250 --> 00:03:40,250 That's right. 40 00:03:40,250 --> 00:03:44,129 You need to know where on the line our point is. 41 00:03:44,129 --> 00:03:47,250 Is it down here, up here? 42 00:03:47,250 --> 00:03:53,509 We need lines going the other way to intersect our lines of longitude. 43 00:03:53,509 --> 00:03:56,629 So the longitude lines separate east and west. 44 00:03:56,629 --> 00:03:58,849 What do you think these lines will do? 45 00:03:58,849 --> 00:04:02,469 Okay, Dr. Nagler, I was able to make one more globe. 46 00:04:02,469 --> 00:04:03,669 Please be careful with this one. 47 00:04:04,169 --> 00:04:05,150 Of course I will. 48 00:04:06,009 --> 00:04:08,090 I have safety glasses on. 49 00:04:10,610 --> 00:04:19,959 I need a new job. 50 00:04:21,439 --> 00:04:25,459 You see, I cut laterally to create latitude lines. 51 00:04:25,819 --> 00:04:31,920 These lines go from east to west, but they separate north and south. 52 00:04:31,920 --> 00:04:39,899 These two halves are called hemispheres, which means half a sphere or half a globe. 53 00:04:39,899 --> 00:04:46,300 north and south. Just like the longitude lines, latitude lines are numbered beginning with zero 54 00:04:46,300 --> 00:04:52,180 degrees in the center. This is called the equator. Let's label these lines as we did before, 55 00:04:52,579 --> 00:04:59,360 starting with zero degrees equator and going 10 degrees north and 10 degrees south, away from zero. 56 00:05:00,399 --> 00:05:07,199 Now let's see where our point is. The latitude lines have intersected our longitude lines 57 00:05:07,199 --> 00:05:14,959 right at our point now we have two lines that cross and X marks the spot our 58 00:05:14,959 --> 00:05:21,920 point is 20 degrees north and 30 degrees east these two numbers are called 59 00:05:21,920 --> 00:05:29,240 coordinates will that be enough to land the plane okay I see it I see the runway 60 00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:36,870 so did you learn anything useful today yes I did I learned that it takes two 61 00:05:36,870 --> 00:05:42,389 coordinates to find yourself on the globe longitude and latitude that's 62 00:05:42,389 --> 00:05:47,870 right latitude and longitude are invisible lines used for navigation that 63 00:05:47,870 --> 00:05:53,430 intersect at specific points what else did we learn I learned not to give you 64 00:05:53,430 --> 00:05:59,129 the keys to the chainsaw that's not all didn't we learn what the two halves of 65 00:05:59,129 --> 00:06:06,629 the globe are called hemispheres and what does hemisphere mean half half of a 66 00:06:06,629 --> 00:06:13,389 globe. That's right. And remember, the point where the hemispheres meet is labeled zero degrees, 67 00:06:13,730 --> 00:06:19,709 and we start numbering there in both directions. Now that we've learned how longitude and latitude 68 00:06:19,709 --> 00:06:23,029 work, you're going to find some points on the globe yourself.