1 00:00:04,459 --> 00:00:10,460 In ancient history there was a very important and powerful civilization, the Romans. 2 00:00:10,460 --> 00:00:17,160 Rome was founded in 753 B.C. in Italy. 3 00:00:17,160 --> 00:00:23,160 Around that year their territory was very small, but then they started to expand. 4 00:00:23,160 --> 00:00:32,159 They conquered territories around the Mediterranean Sea, in what we know as Europe, in Asia and in the north of Africa. 5 00:00:32,159 --> 00:00:36,539 The greatest extension of their territory looks similar to this. 6 00:00:36,539 --> 00:00:40,380 So let's summarize a little of historical dates. 7 00:00:40,380 --> 00:00:47,000 Ancient history started 3500 years before Christ, when writing was invented. 8 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:51,479 Rome was founded in 753 before Christ. 9 00:00:51,479 --> 00:01:02,880 The Roman Empire ended in 476 AD, so it lasted for 1229 years. 10 00:01:02,880 --> 00:01:13,000 The year of the fall of the Roman Empire is also considered the end of ancient history. 11 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:18,560 As we all know, the Romans conquered the Iberian Peninsula, but do you remember how was the 12 00:01:18,560 --> 00:01:22,040 situation in the peninsula before they arrived? 13 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:27,659 The Iberians lived in the Mediterranean coast, in the east and south of the peninsula. 14 00:01:27,659 --> 00:01:34,040 The Celts occupied the rest of it, they lived in the north, west and center of the peninsula. 15 00:01:34,040 --> 00:01:37,180 There were also cities that belonged to other civilizations. 16 00:01:37,180 --> 00:01:42,280 Denias, Agunto, Ampurias and Rosas were Greek colonies in the east coast. 17 00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:48,280 Cadiz, Málaga and Almuñécar were Phoenician colonies in the south, and Cartagena was a 18 00:01:48,280 --> 00:01:50,879 Carthaginian colony. 19 00:01:50,879 --> 00:01:57,680 The Romans arrived to Ampurias through the Mediterranean Sea in 218 BC. 20 00:01:57,680 --> 00:02:01,400 They conquered first the east and south coast. 21 00:02:01,400 --> 00:02:05,000 Then the Romans fought against the tribes in the center but they were more difficult 22 00:02:05,000 --> 00:02:08,159 to defeat than the ones in the coast. 23 00:02:08,159 --> 00:02:12,639 Finally they won the tribes in the north of the peninsula, in 19 BC. 24 00:02:12,639 --> 00:02:18,259 It took the Romans almost 200 years to conquer the whole peninsula. 25 00:02:18,259 --> 00:02:22,900 Since the Romans had the power over all the peninsula, they named it Hispania. 26 00:02:22,900 --> 00:02:31,699 They also divided the territory into five provinces, Galicia, Tarraconensis, Lusitania, 27 00:02:31,699 --> 00:02:34,979 Baetica and Carthaginensis. 28 00:02:34,979 --> 00:02:42,240 Each province was ruled by a governor. 29 00:02:42,240 --> 00:02:45,360 Let's talk now about the organization of Hispania. 30 00:02:45,360 --> 00:02:48,620 The Romans brought the Roman laws for justice. 31 00:02:48,620 --> 00:02:50,580 They founded many cities. 32 00:02:50,580 --> 00:02:55,680 They had walls for protection and solid buildings made up with cement and concrete. 33 00:02:55,680 --> 00:02:58,139 The cities had straight roads. 34 00:02:58,139 --> 00:03:01,300 In the cities there was a main square called Forum. 35 00:03:01,300 --> 00:03:05,159 There were also amphitheaters where gladiators fought. 36 00:03:05,159 --> 00:03:10,900 Theaters where comedies and tragedies were performed, circuses with races and baths. 37 00:03:10,900 --> 00:03:13,979 There were also temples for the Roman gods. 38 00:03:13,979 --> 00:03:21,300 Romans built triumphal arcs, brigettes and abodes to transport water. 39 00:03:21,300 --> 00:03:26,300 The society in Hispania was divided into two groups, free people and slaves. 40 00:03:26,300 --> 00:03:29,300 The slaves had an owner, that means that they weren't free. 41 00:03:29,300 --> 00:03:32,300 They had no rights and worked for their owners. 42 00:03:32,300 --> 00:03:35,300 Free people could be divided into two groups. 43 00:03:35,300 --> 00:03:43,300 Patricians were the rich people and the rest were the plebeians, like craftsmen, merchants or farmers. 44 00:03:43,300 --> 00:03:46,300 Free people had rights and could vote. 45 00:03:47,300 --> 00:03:50,300 The main economic activity in Hispania was training. 46 00:03:50,300 --> 00:03:55,300 They built roads to connect cities and make trading easier. 47 00:03:55,300 --> 00:04:00,300 Other economic activities were farming crops and mining. 48 00:04:00,300 --> 00:04:04,300 Roman culture and customs had a great influence in the future. 49 00:04:04,300 --> 00:04:09,300 They brought Latin to the peninsula, the language in which Spanish is based. 50 00:04:09,300 --> 00:04:14,300 They also had an influence in religion, since they converted to Christianity. 51 00:04:14,300 --> 00:04:19,300 As for the art, they made sculptures in bronze and marble to decorate their buildings. 52 00:04:19,300 --> 00:04:22,300 They also decorated the walls with Trescoy. 53 00:04:23,300 --> 00:04:30,319 And they created amazing mosaics with tons of tiles from an image.