1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:10,560 Hello, everyone. We are going to continue learning about Spain in the Middle Ages. 2 00:00:10,560 --> 00:00:21,839 First, we will discuss medieval society. We'll look at a medieval castle. Next, 3 00:00:21,839 --> 00:00:27,780 we'll go over the lands of the fiefdom. And finally, we'll look at a Castilian city. 4 00:00:27,780 --> 00:00:29,579 Let's begin. 5 00:00:34,500 --> 00:00:40,460 In medieval society, there were three social groups in the Christian kingdoms. 6 00:00:41,780 --> 00:00:45,500 The nobles fought wars. 7 00:00:46,759 --> 00:00:52,780 They were the king's vassals and provided him with men and weapons. 8 00:00:56,189 --> 00:01:00,210 The clergy worshipped God. 9 00:01:00,210 --> 00:01:08,010 The monks and nuns wrote manuscripts and cultivated the land 10 00:01:08,010 --> 00:01:13,989 Priests looked after people and churches 11 00:01:13,989 --> 00:01:20,200 The peasants worked the land 12 00:01:20,200 --> 00:01:29,739 So the nobles, clergy, and the king were all privileged 13 00:01:29,739 --> 00:01:34,200 The king was the most privileged 14 00:01:36,879 --> 00:01:40,879 The peasants were the non-privileged group. 15 00:01:40,879 --> 00:01:51,000 They had to work very hard to survive in medieval society. 16 00:01:54,120 --> 00:02:00,099 The Muslims, who remained living in Christian territories, were called Mudahars. 17 00:02:07,200 --> 00:02:09,300 Now let's look at a medieval castle. 18 00:02:11,610 --> 00:02:14,629 Let's go over some of the things you can see in this picture. 19 00:02:14,629 --> 00:02:57,490 Here we've got the servants' quarters, stables, blacksmiths, the keep was the center of the castle, this is where the lord and his family lived, armory for weapons, oratory, family rooms, the tower, store. 20 00:02:57,490 --> 00:03:06,250 Here is the moat, the water that surrounds the castle. 21 00:03:06,250 --> 00:03:12,360 We have the drawbridges. 22 00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:21,050 The drawbridges allow the people in the castle to decide who can enter and exit. 23 00:03:21,050 --> 00:03:26,050 They lift up the bridge and no one can get in or out of the castle. 24 00:03:26,050 --> 00:03:30,050 They put down the drawbridge and people can leave and enter. 25 00:03:30,050 --> 00:03:36,610 Here we have an arrow slit and the wall. 26 00:03:42,259 --> 00:03:43,879 Here's the parade ground. 27 00:03:46,090 --> 00:03:56,090 The storerooms, stables, blacksmiths, and homes of the Lord's servants were located in the central courtyard. 28 00:03:57,310 --> 00:04:01,270 So all of these things were located in the central courtyard. 29 00:04:01,270 --> 00:04:12,330 To defend their territory, the nobles built castles and organized large armies. 30 00:04:14,680 --> 00:04:20,060 Castles were fortified and located in high places. 31 00:04:21,939 --> 00:04:26,120 The nobles lived in castles and trained for combat. 32 00:04:27,199 --> 00:04:31,220 The lady of the castle gave orders to the servants. 33 00:04:31,220 --> 00:04:41,899 So these castles were built in places where they could be protected. 34 00:04:42,639 --> 00:04:50,259 They put them on higher ground so that from the castle you can see if an enemy is approaching. 35 00:04:51,220 --> 00:04:54,399 They were prepared for combat. 36 00:04:54,399 --> 00:05:10,470 the lands of the fiefdom most of the population were peasants called serfs 37 00:05:10,470 --> 00:05:18,470 the serfs worked for a feudal Lord they had to give him part of their harvest 38 00:05:18,470 --> 00:05:30,540 the peasants living conditions were very difficult they were often hungry so the 39 00:05:30,540 --> 00:05:45,420 peasants called serfs had a hard life they grew cereals pulses vegetables vineyards and orchards 40 00:05:47,339 --> 00:05:58,279 their tools and agricultural techniques were very simple now let's look at the lord's domain 41 00:05:58,279 --> 00:06:06,439 farmland and villages the lord lived in a castle the peasants had to pay to him 42 00:06:07,160 --> 00:06:19,240 to use the forest and windmill the serfs peasants worked the land they got firewood from the forest 43 00:06:21,240 --> 00:06:23,560 cows grazed on the pastures 44 00:06:23,560 --> 00:06:32,180 Peasants lived in small villages with a church in the center. 45 00:06:32,180 --> 00:06:40,600 Peasant houses were made of adobe walls, thatched roofs, and dirt floors. 46 00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:51,240 Let's look at some places in the medieval fiefdom. 47 00:06:51,240 --> 00:06:58,389 In the bottom left corner you can see the castle. 48 00:06:58,389 --> 00:07:01,389 So, this is where the Lord lived. 49 00:07:06,399 --> 00:07:09,899 We've got vegetable gardens and an isolated farm. 50 00:07:11,360 --> 00:07:13,360 Here's a water mill. 51 00:07:14,459 --> 00:07:15,660 And here's a windmill. 52 00:07:17,079 --> 00:07:21,980 The peasants had to pay the Lord to use the windmill. 53 00:07:25,220 --> 00:07:28,339 The church is in the center of the town. 54 00:07:30,899 --> 00:07:34,300 Here are some pastures where cows would graze. 55 00:07:34,300 --> 00:07:42,519 And here's a forest. 56 00:07:44,819 --> 00:07:53,720 Peasants had to pay the Lord to get firewood from the forest. 57 00:07:54,839 --> 00:07:57,540 Hunting would also take place in the forest. 58 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:08,519 Okay, finally let's look at a Castilian city. 59 00:08:08,519 --> 00:08:23,100 You can see we've got a castle, hospital, cathedral, market for selling and trading, 60 00:08:23,100 --> 00:08:46,700 Main Square, City Hall, Hospice, Jewish Quarter, Synagogue, Cemetery, Monastery, and Slums. 61 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:55,389 The wall protected the city. Its gates were closed at night. 62 00:08:55,389 --> 00:09:00,990 You could see the city is surrounded by this wall. 63 00:09:04,759 --> 00:09:14,759 Cities were divided into districts made up of narrow streets made of mud that formed different neighborhoods. 64 00:09:19,110 --> 00:09:27,169 The most important buildings were the city hall and the cathedral. 65 00:09:27,529 --> 00:09:31,899 They were in the main square. 66 00:09:34,730 --> 00:09:41,090 The city's festivals and religious celebrations took place in the main square. 67 00:09:44,389 --> 00:09:52,169 People who lived in the city were free and did not depend on a feudal lord. 68 00:09:52,990 --> 00:09:59,169 They worked in trade or as artisans, forming guilds. 69 00:10:00,750 --> 00:10:05,450 They made up a new social group, the bourgeoisie. 70 00:10:05,450 --> 00:10:12,990 Okay, that is all for today. Goodbye for now.