1 00:00:01,520 --> 00:00:08,080 hello guys at the end of this video you are supposed to know how to differentiate different 2 00:00:08,080 --> 00:00:14,960 organic compounds and basically i'm gonna be reading my own notes so i hope uh it will help 3 00:00:14,960 --> 00:00:26,559 you to we're gonna be talking about carbon mainly and we're gonna focus on alkane 4 00:00:28,480 --> 00:00:34,079 when i have to name an organic compound the first thing i do is just look at the formula 5 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:40,640 and try to identify the type of atoms that are there so let's look at the first one 6 00:00:41,200 --> 00:00:47,840 there are carbon and hydrogen and oxygen so they'll probably be a functional group 7 00:00:48,479 --> 00:00:52,799 and in the second one it's just carbon and hydrogen instead of hydrocarbon 8 00:00:53,679 --> 00:01:00,479 the same in the third one and in the last one we have we have nitrogen so it will be a functional 9 00:01:00,479 --> 00:01:07,680 group basically organic compounds can be divided into hydrocarbons if they have just carbon and 10 00:01:07,680 --> 00:01:19,700 hydrogen and something with strange things or stuff functional groups hydrocarbons are molecules 11 00:01:19,700 --> 00:01:24,739 that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and depending on their structure we can have 12 00:01:24,739 --> 00:01:36,739 Acyclic without cycles, no cycle and cyclic. Acyclic are aliphatic compounds and they can be 13 00:01:36,739 --> 00:01:48,299 alkanes, alkenes and alkanes. Alkanes have all the carbon atoms joined by single bones and they 14 00:01:48,299 --> 00:01:57,099 are called saturated compounds. Alkenes and alkyenes on the other hand are called unsaturated 15 00:01:57,099 --> 00:02:05,180 compounds and in alkenes there is at least one double bond between carbon atoms, in alkyenes 16 00:02:05,180 --> 00:02:14,379 there is at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. If we have a cycle it means 17 00:02:14,379 --> 00:02:26,560 that carbon contains the ring, we can have allicyclic or aromatics. 18 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:35,219 When we have a hydrocarbon without a cycle, the name is built using a root and a suffix. 19 00:02:35,219 --> 00:02:42,860 The root depends on the number of carbon atoms present in the molecule, so the best thing 20 00:02:42,860 --> 00:02:51,900 can do is learn by heart. If is one math, two f, three prob, four but. They are all irregular. 21 00:02:51,900 --> 00:03:02,139 And from this point on, pent, hex, et, oct, the typical Greek prefixes. What about the suffix? 22 00:03:02,139 --> 00:03:09,740 The suffixes depend on the type of carbon atoms or the type of bond between the carbon atoms. 23 00:03:09,740 --> 00:03:19,659 if there are single bonded carbon items only it's an ain with a double bone in with a triple bone 24 00:03:19,659 --> 00:03:29,180 iron if there are two or three double bones we can use the prefixes die before the ending in 25 00:03:29,180 --> 00:03:37,500 die in or try in and we can have exactly the same thing with triple bone and iron 26 00:03:37,500 --> 00:03:51,139 Alkanes have a formula CnH2n plus 2, where n is the number of items present in the molecule. 27 00:03:51,139 --> 00:03:56,360 So is the root plus the ending n as we said. 28 00:03:56,360 --> 00:04:06,060 Here we have, if there's only one carbon atom, we have CH4 methane, please focus on this 29 00:04:06,060 --> 00:04:17,019 carbon atom in methane and it is important to realize that it is joined to four atoms. 30 00:04:17,019 --> 00:04:27,180 In organic compounds, carbon atoms are going to be working with the tetravalence, so they 31 00:04:27,180 --> 00:04:35,339 are going to be joined to four different atoms always. So F if it has two carbon 32 00:04:35,339 --> 00:04:48,360 atoms ethane, if it has three propane, four butane, five pentane, with six hexane, 33 00:04:48,360 --> 00:04:59,399 with 7 heptane, 8 octane, 9 nonane and then decane. 34 00:04:59,399 --> 00:05:07,879 There are different ways to write the formula. It can be the 35 00:05:07,879 --> 00:05:14,800 calculate structure with its developed and in which all atoms are shown. It can 36 00:05:14,800 --> 00:05:25,339 be condensed or even more condensed. In this case, the CH2 group is repeated 4 times plus 37 00:05:25,339 --> 00:05:36,199 two other CH3, we have 6 hexane. Thank you for watching this video. You can 38 00:05:36,199 --> 00:05:42,819 learn some more things about how to name alkenes and alkyenes in the next one.