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Hello everyone, in this video I'm going to explain you how to analyze a pie chart of the employment structure

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divided by the different sectors of the economy, the primary, secondary and tertiary sector.

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In this example you have the employment structure of Spain, in which the primary sector is 4% of the employees,

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at 4% of the population, 24% of the active population of Spain is working in the secondary

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sector, and the majority, the 72%, works in the tertiary sector.

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Normally, this type of structure is typical in industrialized countries that are very

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developed, like is the case of Spain.

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and this is because depending on the income per capita people will work in

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different types of activities for example in countries or regions where

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the income per capita is very low the primary sector agriculture is going to

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be the most important sector employing population while services and industry

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is not going to be that important if the country has more industries the income

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per capita increase is the example of China Thailand Indonesia and so on so

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the secondary sector is more important services increase as well and the

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primary sector is going to lose employment and finally in countries with

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a high income per capita or developed or rich countries and the primary sector is

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not going to employ so many people while the services is going to

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employ the majority of the population because there are going to be basic

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services like education, healthcare, justice and so on. Finally industry is

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going to be less important because of mechanization and also because of the movement of industries

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from rich countries to poor countries.

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This is not something that has happened in a short period of time.

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For example, if we take the United Kingdom, during the first industrial revolution, the

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people of the UK, most of them were working in the primary sector,

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that is, most were farmers and cattle farmers.

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The industry wasn't very important in this period, so only 2% of the population were working in the secondary sector,

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and in the tertiary sector we had 13%,

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which were people dedicated to basic services, the army, and so on.

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Then during the Second Industrial Revolution, everything is going to change.

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There are going to be more services.

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As you can see in the UK, the services were the most important sector of the economy in the 1900s.

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The secondary sector was also very important and the primary sector lost importance.

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And finally, in the Third Industrial Revolution, that is the one that we have been living in the past moments,

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You can see that most of the British are working in the tertiary sector, an 81%.

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The British that are working in the primary sector is only a 1% because of mechanization

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and also because they buy raw materials from other countries like Spain.

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And the 18% of the population only works in the secondary sector.

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so the reasons why all these changes happen from the UK being a non-industrial country to the UK

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being a terciarized country are this the first reason is the Industrial Revolution the Industrial

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Revolution is going to cause the movement of workers from the primary sector to the other

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sectors basically because in the in agriculture we are going to have machines and the machines

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are going to make the work of people second we have improvements in

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agriculture this is related with industrial revolution obviously then the

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relocation of factories all these industries that were created during the

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second industrial revolution instead of growing the growth of the secondary

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sector is stopped and many of the industries move to in to new industrial

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countries like china mexico brazil and so on more the tertialization of the economy in the

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most developed countries the services are the most important economic activity for example

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financial services like banking public services um telecommunications leisure activities etc so

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the tertiary sector employs more people obviously globalization is related with this because trade

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is going to be very important if the uk can buy the primary materials the raw materials

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from other countries they don't need to produce them so they can just buy them and trade also

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is part of the tertiary sector so more employment is going to be in this sector of the economy

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this is for the evolution of the UK but we can use the same reasons to explain why in the United

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States we have this employment structure in Brazil we have this one and Nepal we have this one

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because it is basically the same Nepal is like the United Kingdom before the first Industrial

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Revolution because it is not an industrialized country Brazil is in the next step they are in

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the second industrial revolution so they are going to make to be producing with cheap labor

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a lot of products for the third type of employment structure that is the one of the

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countries that has their economy terciarized es decir los países cuya economía se ha terciarizado

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que tienen muchísimos más servicios que industria o que agricultura this is the example of the

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United States but if you remember at the beginning I saw you Spain and it's the

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same and the same is in Germany France Japan etc the only thing that is going

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to change is industry okay they can be more or less important but the tertiary

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sector will be very important in these countries so the reason why we are going

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to use a pie chart is because you can see the information very clear only with

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this you don't need to read anything else with this you have all the

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information about the economy of the countries so there are many types of pie

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charts as you can see here of charts muchos tipos de graficos the one we are

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choosing is pie chart okay so this is how we should analyze a pie chart

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como analizar un grafico de quesitos como se dice en castellano vale in this case we have to

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divide our working introduction, analysis, and conclusion. The first part, the introduction,

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is where you have to say the type of graph, the topic that is represented, that is employment

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structure in this case, and where is the pie chart located in time and space. So the year,

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for example, and the place. In the case, in the example I gave you, you have the information,

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you only have the name of the country

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that is United Kingdom

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but normally there should be a year

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that explains where this information was taken from

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for example this one of Spain that I did myself

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I think it was from 2008

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so that would be for the introduction

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it's a pie chart that represents employment structure in the UK

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and if you know the century of the year

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you can put it

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Second part, the analysis. You have to explain or identify all the elements that appear in the graph.

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So in this case, there are not many. Just say that the tertiary sector is in yellow, the secondary in purple, the primary sector is in blue.

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But normally, like in this example of Spain or USA or Nepal, you are going to have also the percentages.

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So you have to explain that, okay? For example, in this one of the United Kingdom, it says the graph shows the distribution of employment divided in primary, secondary, and tertiary sector.

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And because I don't have the percentages, I did them more or less. 70% is the tertiary, 25% the secondary, 5% the UK. But in your work or in the exam, I will give you the data to make it easier, okay?

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So then you have to explain why. Why do we have this different amount of people working in the different sectors?

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So if you remember what I told you, all of this is going to be related with why the United Kingdom has this situation.

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But if we are explaining a non-developed country like Nepal, you have to say why is there so many people working in the primary sector?

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because they don't have machines because they need to make products for

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self-consumption because there is no trade so there are reasons why the

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primary sector is so important why is the secondary sector no important in

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Nepal because they have a lot of mountains and if you remember the factors

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of industrial location that's not good flat terrains are better for industries

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and then the tertiary sector has some activities like tourism because in Nepal

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we have the Himalayas so we have tourism and so on okay in Brazil why is the

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tertiary sector more important because Brazil is an industrialized countries

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they have industries that employ a 24% of the population and because they also

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have a lot of raw materials to extract even though they have machines they are

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not as developed as other countries so they need to employ people also in the

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primary sector basically in this part the part of explain you have to give an explanation about

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why we have this distribution and here what you have is the example of the united kingdom

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okay but if you are explaining brazil or nepal don't copy and paste that information

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because it's going to be different okay you have to explain it for the specific region or country

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And if you have two pie charts, like in the booklet, you also can compare them.

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Es decir, lo podéis comparar.

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Es decir, you have to say, in Nepal, it's a 16% of the population working in the tertiary sector

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because they don't have public services or financial services or trade,

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while in the United States, trade is very important.

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They have services like education, there are banks, there are telecommunications,

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and so on. The primary sector is very important in Nepal because they don't have machines,

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while in the United States they don't employ so much people because they have machines and

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technology, and so on. That will be to compare, okay? And finally, in the conclusion, you have to say

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if the country is developed, developing, or underdeveloped, according to the information

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of the chart, and what do you think is going to happen, for example, in the United Kingdom?

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Do you think there will be more people working in the primary sector?

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Normally, there will be more technology, so the primary sector will be less important.

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Do you think the tertiary sector is going to be more important?

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Probably.

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And the secondary sector, if the businesses of the United Kingdom move their factories to China, Thailand, Morocco, Brazil and so on,

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probably the people working in the secondary sector will be less and less and less.

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so you have to explain that in the conclusion. So what I want you to do is

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to make the exercise of the booklet and to compare the United States and Nepal

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these two graphs okay and you will upload it into aula virtual. In my

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presentation there is also this exercise for homework that is to create a pie

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chart normally of your country of global classrooms but this year because we

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don't have so much time is voluntary. Es voluntario. Es decir, el que quiera hacerlo, que lo haga.

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¿Ok? So, this will be all from the video. If you have questions, ask me.