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Hello everyone! Let's talk about early modern Spain. In this video, we will discuss discovering

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new lands, great geographical discoveries, and pre-Columbian civilizations. Let's begin.

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Discovering new lands. An increase in long-distance trade and the desire to establish new routes to

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the Far East led to the first great maritime expeditions. Overland trade routes to India

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and the Spice Islands were established in the 13th century. These routes were established

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to import luxury items like silk and spices. Sailors and merchants tried to open up new

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sea routes to Asia. Technical and scientific advances. So technology and science advanced

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during this time. We had the caravel, a very robust ship, the compass, and the astrolabe.

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They helped in navigation. They helped sailors figure out where they needed to go

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and go in that direction. And portal and charts. They showed the profile of the coasts

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routes. Great geographical discoveries. In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on the

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Caribbean islands of San Salvador and Hispaniola. In 1498, Vasco da Gama reached

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the coast of India. In 1519, Hernan Cortes went to Mexico. He founded

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Mexico City and became the governor of New Spain. In 1522, Megallanes and

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Alcano made the first circumnavigation of the world. They went all around the

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world. In 1532, Francisco Pizarro went to Peru and became the governor of Peru.

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Pre-Columbian civilizations.

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The new continent that Columbus reached

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was inhabited by people

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who are known as the pre-Columbian civilizations.

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The most important were the Aztecs.

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In Mexico, you can see the Aztec empire shown in orange

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in the photo.

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The Incas in Peru,

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You can see the Inca Empire shown in green, and the Mayas in Central America.

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You can see the Mayan civilization in red.

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So the most important pre-Columbian civilizations were the Aztecs, the Incas, and the Mayas.

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These people lived in villages and cities.

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Most were farmers and artisans,

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and they traded their products.

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They used very simple tools and weapons

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made of stone and wood.

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They did not know about iron or the wheel.

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Okay, that is all for now.

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Until next time, goodbye.