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The earliest planned city, archaeological ruins at Mohenjo-Daro.

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The great Indus River runs from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea.

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The Indus civilization, regarded as one of the four greatest ancient civilizations,

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was founded around 2500 BC.

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This is the archaeological site of Mohenjo-Daro in southern Pakistan.

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Along with Harappa, located upstream, this was the heartland of the Indus civilization.

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The remains of an ancient city predating Buddhist history was discovered by chance in 1922,

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during the excavation of a partly revealed stupa.

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After careful excavation, it was revealed that this archaeological site was a wonderfully planned ancient city.

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Streets crossed at right angles and a network of narrow streets spread across the residential district.

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Water provision is one of the outstanding features of Indus civilization.

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This used to be a well.

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The holes in the second floor walls were believed to have been used for waste disposal and drainage.

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The city had a complete water supply and sewage system.

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Sewage channels are arranged in line with the roads.

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Seals have also been found on this site.

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It is believed they were used to wrap and mark items to be traded with distant Mesopotamia.

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Mohenjo-Daro's prosperity was founded on rich soil and flood water,

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however water is now the greatest threat to the site.

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Salt erosion is causing damage. Salt water rises to the surface and onto the bricks.

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Strong sunshine crystallizes the salt and the bricks crumble.

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The Pakistan government started restoration of the bricks with support from UNESCO in 1972.

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Underground water is pumped out and diverted away from the site to lower the water table.

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Despite this, the water level still remains high and the site is still under threat.

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For the site at Mohenjo-Daro, the battle against water continues from the time of the ancient Indus civilization.