1 00:00:00,800 --> 00:00:10,179 Early Modern Spain. In this video we will talk about the Bourbons and the 2 00:00:10,179 --> 00:00:22,050 Enlightenment. A new dynasty, the Bourbons. Carlos II died in the year 3 00:00:22,050 --> 00:00:30,789 1700. He left his crown to Felipe of Anjou. Felipe was from the French Bourbon 4 00:00:30,789 --> 00:00:39,990 dynasty. France and Castilla both supported his appointment, but some countries like Portugal, 5 00:00:39,990 --> 00:00:47,189 Holland, England, and Austria, as well as the Crown of Aragon, did not accept the new king. 6 00:00:48,869 --> 00:00:53,670 These other countries and the Crown of Aragon supported a different candidate. 7 00:00:54,869 --> 00:00:59,590 They wanted the Archduke Carlos of Austria from the Habsburg dynasty. 8 00:01:00,789 --> 00:01:06,170 This disagreement led to the War of the Spanish Succession. 9 00:01:07,030 --> 00:01:13,810 The main European powers signed the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. 10 00:01:14,769 --> 00:01:18,730 The treaty recognized Felipe V as the King of Spain. 11 00:01:19,750 --> 00:01:25,230 In the treaty, Spain gave up the last of its European territories. 12 00:01:26,150 --> 00:01:30,609 Duce of Milan, Naples, Spanish Netherlands, and Sardinia. 13 00:01:30,790 --> 00:01:37,790 Spain also ceded Gibraltar and Menorca to Great Britain. 14 00:01:37,790 --> 00:01:48,790 The War of Spanish Succession continued until Bourbon troops conquered Catalonia and occupied Majorca in 1714. 15 00:01:48,790 --> 00:02:02,420 Felipe V and his successors governed as absolute monarchs. 16 00:02:02,420 --> 00:02:11,439 A centralized government applied the same laws to all of the territories. 17 00:02:11,439 --> 00:02:21,360 They suppressed the laws, language, and institutions of the Crown of Aragon, but they preserved 18 00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:27,419 some of the traditional laws in the Basque Country and Nevada. 19 00:02:27,419 --> 00:02:36,060 recognize the territory creating provinces the king power is granted by 20 00:02:36,060 --> 00:02:46,500 God the king does not have to justify his actions the king creates laws 21 00:02:46,500 --> 00:03:01,030 governs and ensures laws are upheld he is the head of judiciary and the army he 22 00:03:01,030 --> 00:03:12,919 collects and manages taxes. The Enlightenment. In the second half of the 23 00:03:12,919 --> 00:03:21,259 18th century, the Enlightenment spread from France to the rest of Europe. Some 24 00:03:21,259 --> 00:03:31,620 monarchs introduced reforms to modernize their kingdoms. Enlightenment thinkers 25 00:03:31,620 --> 00:03:39,479 believed that human reason, science, and education were essential tools for 26 00:03:39,479 --> 00:03:50,599 progress. They believed in freedom of the individual, equal rights, and freedom of 27 00:03:50,599 --> 00:03:58,300 expression. So the freedom to express your views and opinions. They opposed 28 00:03:58,300 --> 00:04:08,199 absolutism. They did not like absolutism. And the Enlightenment thinkers defended liberalism. 29 00:04:09,539 --> 00:04:13,860 Let's look at the proposals of Spanish Enlightenment thinkers. 30 00:04:14,780 --> 00:04:27,629 They wanted to reduce the privileges of the nobility. So the privileged have less privileges. 31 00:04:27,629 --> 00:04:43,730 They wanted to reform agriculture, to boost and increase trade, to promote culture, and to promote education. 32 00:04:44,470 --> 00:04:52,100 Carlos III's reforms. 33 00:04:56,430 --> 00:05:00,269 Improve trade, allowing free trade with the Americas. 34 00:05:00,269 --> 00:05:09,829 promote craft industry creating the royal factories glass rugs and ceramics 35 00:05:09,829 --> 00:05:18,029 improve lives of peasants introducing agricultural reforms he wanted to make 36 00:05:18,029 --> 00:05:25,750 the lives better for the unprivileged he wanted to make the lives better of the peasants 37 00:05:25,750 --> 00:05:32,769 and raise the level of cultural reforming of the education system. 38 00:05:38,550 --> 00:05:42,029 Madrid of the Bourbon Dynasty. 39 00:05:43,529 --> 00:05:49,370 Carlos III did more than anyone to turn Madrid into a modern city. 40 00:05:49,370 --> 00:05:59,970 Because of Carlos III, we got street lighting, lights in the streets, wide avenues, 41 00:06:02,860 --> 00:06:07,779 Lots of people can walk through. You aren't crowded because there are wide avenues. 42 00:06:09,300 --> 00:06:10,660 Paved streets. 43 00:06:12,920 --> 00:06:14,920 Waste collection systems. 44 00:06:16,360 --> 00:06:17,920 New monuments. 45 00:06:19,779 --> 00:06:26,199 Like Huerta de Alcalá, the Sabelas Fountain, and the Fountain of Neptune. 46 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:33,269 Because of Carlos III, we also have the Science Park. 47 00:06:33,269 --> 00:06:41,189 We have the Prado Museum, National Observatory in Retiro Park, and the Botanical Gardens. 48 00:06:46,199 --> 00:06:50,000 Alright, that's all for now. Goodbye.