1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,360 Hey there geographers and welcome back to the Mr. Sin channel. Today we're starting unit 2. 2 00:00:04,580 --> 00:00:10,400 We're looking at population and migration patterns and processes. And this is our first unit topic 3 00:00:10,400 --> 00:00:14,419 review. Now we're going to be talking about 2.1. We're going to be looking at population 4 00:00:14,419 --> 00:00:19,120 distribution. We're going to be looking at where and how people live around the world. 5 00:00:19,420 --> 00:00:22,699 And today's your lucky day because we also get to do some math. 6 00:00:22,699 --> 00:00:31,100 No! God! No! God, please, no! No! No! No! 7 00:00:31,100 --> 00:00:35,259 No need to panic. The math for the population densities really isn't too bad. By the end of 8 00:00:35,259 --> 00:00:39,020 this video, you'll be doing it in your sleep or maybe nightmares. Throughout this whole unit, 9 00:00:39,020 --> 00:00:43,259 you're going to be practicing demography. This is the study of population. We're going to be 10 00:00:43,259 --> 00:00:49,420 analyzing births and deaths, disease, migration, and lots more. But before we get ahead of ourselves, 11 00:00:49,420 --> 00:00:53,359 Take a couple of seconds, look at this cartogram map of the world. 12 00:00:53,659 --> 00:00:57,280 What you're looking at right now is the population of different countries. 13 00:00:57,679 --> 00:00:58,899 What do you notice? 14 00:01:03,439 --> 00:01:08,260 Right away, we can see countries like China, India, and Indonesia are massive. 15 00:01:08,659 --> 00:01:10,120 They have huge populations. 16 00:01:10,459 --> 00:01:14,420 While countries like Canada, for example, are almost non-existent on the map. 17 00:01:14,420 --> 00:01:18,340 Today, geographers recognize four main regions around the world 18 00:01:18,340 --> 00:01:21,540 in which the majority of the world's population are actually located in. 19 00:01:21,540 --> 00:01:23,459 The first one is South Asia. 20 00:01:23,459 --> 00:01:28,739 Countries that are in this region are India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, just to name a few. 21 00:01:28,739 --> 00:01:32,900 We also have East Asia, which consists of China, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula, 22 00:01:32,900 --> 00:01:36,420 where many of the population are located on the coastlines. 23 00:01:36,420 --> 00:01:40,980 Up next would be then Europe, which interestingly enough, compared to our first two regions, 24 00:01:40,980 --> 00:01:43,459 is actually seeing some shifts in their population growth. 25 00:01:43,459 --> 00:01:47,939 And they have a lot of people not necessarily living on the coast, but next to raw resources. 26 00:01:47,939 --> 00:01:50,180 And that connects back to the Industrial Revolution. 27 00:01:50,659 --> 00:01:51,840 But we're getting ahead of ourselves. 28 00:01:51,939 --> 00:01:54,159 The last region is in Southeast Asia. 29 00:01:54,359 --> 00:01:57,760 And here we're looking at countries like the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand, 30 00:01:57,959 --> 00:02:01,000 where their populations have been booming in recent decades. 31 00:02:01,060 --> 00:02:03,500 Now we've been talking about different regions around the world. 32 00:02:03,659 --> 00:02:05,959 But if we change our scale to a more local scale, 33 00:02:06,219 --> 00:02:10,060 we can actually start to see some trends that are occurring in all these different regions. 34 00:02:10,199 --> 00:02:12,960 When looking at this population density map of China, 35 00:02:13,280 --> 00:02:17,740 notice how the areas with the highest population density are near the coastlines. 36 00:02:17,740 --> 00:02:24,159 and rivers. This isn't by chance. When we look at different population clusters around the world, 37 00:02:24,319 --> 00:02:31,020 we can see common themes. Site and situation factors have a huge impact on the location 38 00:02:31,020 --> 00:02:35,680 of settlement. Remember, site factors have to do with the location itself. It's dealing with 39 00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:40,919 physical features, while situation factors are dealing with factors that exist in the surrounding 40 00:02:40,919 --> 00:02:45,180 area. When looking at major settlements around the world, we can see that many of them center 41 00:02:45,180 --> 00:02:48,840 around fresh water, a river, an ocean, fertile soil. 42 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:51,960 This is because they need food and water to survive. 43 00:02:52,439 --> 00:02:54,419 And the reason why we see many of these settlements 44 00:02:54,419 --> 00:02:57,520 on coastlines or by an ocean or river 45 00:02:57,520 --> 00:02:59,259 is because they want to trade. 46 00:02:59,620 --> 00:03:01,219 They want access to the water 47 00:03:01,219 --> 00:03:03,120 so they can connect with other settlements 48 00:03:03,120 --> 00:03:04,659 in different geographic areas. 49 00:03:04,719 --> 00:03:06,080 Now, it's not just food and water 50 00:03:06,080 --> 00:03:08,020 on why we live in certain areas. 51 00:03:08,199 --> 00:03:10,020 It's also because of economic reasons. 52 00:03:10,020 --> 00:03:13,099 We wanna live in an area that actually has a job for us 53 00:03:13,099 --> 00:03:14,960 and where we can advance in our careers. 54 00:03:15,180 --> 00:03:18,680 Or maybe we're living in an area because of its political stability. 55 00:03:18,680 --> 00:03:20,680 We feel safe there and secure. 56 00:03:20,680 --> 00:03:23,180 Or it could be because of cultural preferences. 57 00:03:23,180 --> 00:03:28,680 We can see ourselves in the community and we feel a part of our settlement, our city, our society. 58 00:03:28,680 --> 00:03:34,180 And sometimes it's even just because of the historical events that created the settlement in the first place. 59 00:03:34,180 --> 00:03:38,680 We can also look at areas around the world where we actually can see people don't really want to live. 60 00:03:38,680 --> 00:03:40,680 These are areas that are kind of too. 61 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:44,180 They're too dry, they're too wet, they're too cold, or they're too high. 62 00:03:44,180 --> 00:03:49,280 places that are too dry well it's difficult to be able to produce crops and to be able to have a 63 00:03:49,280 --> 00:03:54,120 stable society places that are too wet actually have a similar problem if it's raining too much 64 00:03:54,120 --> 00:03:59,340 our soil might become oversaturated and especially if we mix that with humidity and heat we actually 65 00:03:59,340 --> 00:04:04,060 might see the nutrients get pulled out of the soil making it more difficult to have sedentary 66 00:04:04,060 --> 00:04:09,039 agriculture and places that are too cold and too high well just it's hard to be able to get all the 67 00:04:09,039 --> 00:04:14,759 resources that we need to be able to survive and to also be able to have a high standard of living 68 00:04:14,759 --> 00:04:18,959 people don't want to live in areas where you're going to struggle to survive especially in the 69 00:04:18,959 --> 00:04:24,259 modern era but at the same time we're now starting to see settlements develop in geographic areas 70 00:04:24,259 --> 00:04:29,620 where before it just wasn't possible to have sustainable societies there now we're seeing 71 00:04:29,620 --> 00:04:34,339 this because of advancements in technology and communication we're now able to modify our 72 00:04:34,339 --> 00:04:38,519 environment to make it hospitable and this is connecting back to a concept we 73 00:04:38,519 --> 00:04:42,860 talked about in unit 1 topic 5 environmental possible ism if you need 74 00:04:42,860 --> 00:04:45,740 more information on that go check out that video okay so so far we've been 75 00:04:45,740 --> 00:04:48,680 talking about where people are living in the world why they want to live in 76 00:04:48,680 --> 00:04:51,920 certain areas and also why they don't want to live in certain areas of the 77 00:04:51,920 --> 00:04:55,819 world now we're gonna be getting into population density more we've mentioned 78 00:04:55,819 --> 00:04:59,540 population density already in this video population density is just looking at 79 00:04:59,540 --> 00:05:02,959 how many people are living in a certain geographic area and we can see 80 00:05:02,959 --> 00:05:06,680 population density broken into three different densities. The first density is 81 00:05:06,680 --> 00:05:10,899 our easiest density defined. It's our arithmetic density. This density would be 82 00:05:10,899 --> 00:05:15,040 calculated by taking the total population and dividing it by the total 83 00:05:15,040 --> 00:05:19,220 amount of land. This density shows us just how spread out people are. If this 84 00:05:19,220 --> 00:05:23,000 number is really high, it probably means that people are clustered together. On 85 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:26,120 the other hand, if it's really low, it means they're probably dispersed 86 00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:29,060 throughout society. Now one thing to think about when we're looking at this 87 00:05:29,060 --> 00:05:33,500 density remember we're dividing it by total land that means there could be 88 00:05:33,500 --> 00:05:37,279 land in here that no one's living on maybe it's a mountain range maybe it's 89 00:05:37,279 --> 00:05:40,699 just not fertile soil and people don't have a desire to live there or it's a 90 00:05:40,699 --> 00:05:44,540 river there's a variety of factors that could be at play here so this could 91 00:05:44,540 --> 00:05:47,699 create some distortion in our numbers and we just have to take that into 92 00:05:47,699 --> 00:05:51,339 account the next density is our physiological density and this one's 93 00:05:51,339 --> 00:05:55,180 really important we can actually gain more insight into society by looking at 94 00:05:55,180 --> 00:05:59,899 this one. To find it what we're going to do is take our total population again but this time 95 00:05:59,899 --> 00:06:05,120 we're going to divide it by our total amount of arable land. Notice I said total amount of arable 96 00:06:05,120 --> 00:06:10,399 land. This is land that can produce food. What this density will really show us is how much stress are 97 00:06:10,399 --> 00:06:15,819 we going to be putting on each unit of land. The higher this density number is that means we need 98 00:06:15,819 --> 00:06:21,019 to be able to get more food out of just one section of land. The lower it is the less stress will be 99 00:06:21,019 --> 00:06:25,459 put on our land, because we'll have to produce less food for each unit of land. 100 00:06:25,459 --> 00:06:27,100 This means that if it's a lower number, 101 00:06:27,100 --> 00:06:30,339 we're probably gonna be able to protect our natural resources better 102 00:06:30,339 --> 00:06:31,660 by not overusing them. 103 00:06:31,660 --> 00:06:32,579 And if it's a higher number, 104 00:06:32,579 --> 00:06:35,819 we might be at risk of depleting our nutrients that are in the soil. 105 00:06:35,819 --> 00:06:37,779 And we might see desertification occur, and 106 00:06:37,779 --> 00:06:41,040 that could force us to rely to get food from other countries. 107 00:06:41,040 --> 00:06:44,180 So we would have to focus more on trade instead of producing it ourselves. 108 00:06:44,180 --> 00:06:46,480 The last density is our agricultural density. 109 00:06:46,480 --> 00:06:49,180 And this density, we're gonna take the total amount of farmers, and 110 00:06:49,180 --> 00:06:54,920 going to divide it by the total amount of arable land. What this density shows us is how efficient 111 00:06:54,920 --> 00:07:00,860 is agriculture in our society? How much technology are we using? The higher this number, well that 112 00:07:00,860 --> 00:07:06,079 means we're using more human labor to be able to produce food. The lower the number, the less 113 00:07:06,079 --> 00:07:11,120 amount of people are needed in order to be able to produce our food. If this is a lower number, 114 00:07:11,220 --> 00:07:16,300 it means that we could have people specialize in other areas of the economy and we don't need to 115 00:07:16,300 --> 00:07:18,800 have so many people focused on agriculture. 116 00:07:18,800 --> 00:07:21,060 Normally, this shows that the country's more developed, 117 00:07:21,060 --> 00:07:23,680 as they'll start to see then other sectors of the economy 118 00:07:23,680 --> 00:07:24,639 take off. 119 00:07:24,639 --> 00:07:26,240 The higher the number is, well, that 120 00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:27,519 means it's less efficient. 121 00:07:27,519 --> 00:07:29,740 We have to have more people doing the same task. 122 00:07:29,740 --> 00:07:31,759 These densities by themselves are important, 123 00:07:31,759 --> 00:07:33,860 and they show different aspects of society. 124 00:07:33,860 --> 00:07:36,540 But the real insight comes when we compare and contrast them, 125 00:07:36,540 --> 00:07:38,379 and we look at them as a whole. 126 00:07:38,379 --> 00:07:39,879 Take a second, actually, right now. 127 00:07:39,879 --> 00:07:42,759 Look, we have country A and B. What inferences 128 00:07:42,759 --> 00:07:45,100 can you make about our two countries? 129 00:07:46,300 --> 00:07:53,639 Right off the bat, I can see that country A's population is more dispersed compared 130 00:07:53,639 --> 00:08:00,060 to country B. And that's because their arithmetic density is only 32.30, while country B's arithmetic 131 00:08:00,060 --> 00:08:02,620 density is 109.63. 132 00:08:02,620 --> 00:08:07,220 I could also see that country A needs to actually produce less food per unit of land compared 133 00:08:07,220 --> 00:08:12,339 to country B, even though country A has a higher population than country B. This would 134 00:08:12,339 --> 00:08:16,899 lead me to believe then that country A has more arable land to be able to produce food on. 135 00:08:16,899 --> 00:08:21,860 I could see that by looking at the physiological densities. Also I could gain from this information 136 00:08:21,860 --> 00:08:27,860 that country A is actually less efficient at producing food. Their agricultural density is 137 00:08:27,860 --> 00:08:32,820 higher than country B's, showing that country B then is more efficient. This means that country B 138 00:08:32,820 --> 00:08:37,379 can have more of its citizens working in other sectors of the economy and it's probably because 139 00:08:37,379 --> 00:08:41,299 they're using more technology in the production of food. All right hopefully right now your head 140 00:08:41,299 --> 00:08:46,659 isn't spinning we're only just beginning unit two there's a ton of cool stuff in this unit if you 141 00:08:46,659 --> 00:08:50,500 are still struggling with population densities check out some of my other videos that focus on 142 00:08:50,500 --> 00:08:54,580 the math and applying it to the real world i think my favorite video out of all of them that i've 143 00:08:54,580 --> 00:08:59,620 made is actually my minecraft one that looks at population densities in minecraft and if you're 144 00:08:59,620 --> 00:09:03,620 still struggling with ap human geography make sure to check out the ultimate review packet there's a 145 00:09:03,620 --> 00:09:08,580 link in the description below it'll help you study all these different concepts now next time we're 146 00:09:08,580 --> 00:09:12,659 we're going to be getting more into population and looking at some really cool things. So don't 147 00:09:12,659 --> 00:09:17,620 forget to subscribe so you don't miss the next video. I'm Mr. Sin. Thank you so much for watching 148 00:09:17,620 --> 00:09:22,240 the Video Geographers. Don't forget to check your answers to the quiz. It's in the comments below. 149 00:09:22,500 --> 00:09:29,460 And until next time, I'll see you online. Oh, hey, I didn't see you there. Hanging out with 150 00:09:29,460 --> 00:09:34,299 the end cards I see. Awesome. Hey, if you're ever looking for more Mr. Sin content, don't forget to 151 00:09:34,299 --> 00:09:37,000 check me out on Twitter and Instagram or Facebook. 152 00:09:37,000 --> 00:09:39,159 There's links to that in the description below. 153 00:09:39,159 --> 00:09:40,879 All right, this is really corny and awkward, 154 00:09:40,879 --> 00:09:43,679 so I'm gonna end this, but have a great day, geographers. 155 00:09:43,679 --> 00:09:44,600 I am done.