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Hello, sunshines! Welcome to this video where I'm going to give you a quick view to the structure

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and types of the conditionals. But let's start with the common features. For a conditional

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sentence to be a conditional sentence, it has to have two parts. A condition, or a setting,

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which we're going to call just the if part, and a consequence, or a result, which is the

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no if part. The condition needs to happen for the consequence to take place as well.

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We have no condition, then we have no consequence. It's as simple as that.

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Now, is the order always going to be condition-consequence? No. The order can

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change. The trick is to find the if, or the equivalent word, to the if in the sentence,

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and this way we can know if the order is condition-consequence or consequence-condition.

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If the if goes at the beginning of the sentence, then it's going to be condition-consequence.

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If it is somewhere in the middle of the sentence, then it's most likely going to be consequence-

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But if the order is condition-consequence, or setting-result, or if-no-if, then we must write a comma after the if.

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Now, I'm saying if, if, if all the time.

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If is the Spanish sí del condicional, el sí sin tilde.

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No es el sí de afirmación, sino de si pasa esto, ocurrirá lo otro, porque eso es un condicional y es lo que estamos viendo.

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but there are other ways to introduce the condition one is whether which is a posh and

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educated and polite way to say if and the other one is unless and unless works in a different way

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so let me give you an example with if and with unless so that you can see the difference

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If you study, you will get good marks

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Unless you study, you will not get good marks

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In Spanish we say, we translate normally unless as a no ser

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Entonces, si nos fijamos en el ejemplo que os acabo de poner

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Si estudias, sacarás buenas notas

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A no ser que estudies, no sacarás buenas notas

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Cuando utilizamos unless o a no ser

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Estamos reflejando que la condición que expresamos debe darse, pero es como que ahí no se va a dar y por lo tanto tampoco se va a dar el resultado.

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¿De acuerdo? Si estudias, sacarás buenas notas. A no ser que estudies, no sacarás buenas notas.

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Good. Let's move on. Let's start with the types. And the first conditional that we're seeing is the zero conditional.

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on now when do we use this we use this with things that always happen when the condition

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takes place when the condition happens as in rules of nature as in science as in law

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the structure is very simple we can have the condition with if or unless or even when plus

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the verb in present simple and the result is going to be also in present simple, okay?

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So one example is if you heat water above 100 degrees, it boils.

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Si calientas agua por encima de 100 grados, hierve.

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And we use the present simple on both because it's something that always happens no matter where, no matter what.

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OK.

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Now, the next conditional is the first conditional.

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We're starting to change things a little bit.

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We use it with things that are very, very, very likely to happen given the condition, but it's not 100% sure.

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There is a high probability.

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We also use it to plan things or to foresee.

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Foresee means predecir.

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OK.

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um the way it works is we can have we have the condition with if or unless plus the verb in

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present simple as we did on the zero conditional and the result can go in future simple or it can

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go in the form of an imperative if we want to give someone an order like if someone calls

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tell them I'm in the shower

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Si me llama alguien, di que estoy en la ducha

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Podemos dar órdenes usando el primer condicional

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convirtiendo el verbo del resultado en un imperativo

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The next conditional is the second conditional

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and we use it with things that are not very likely to happen

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and with hypotheses and theories that we want to test

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okay so the um condition in blue the if and less part is always going to be in past simple

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in spanish we would use the subjunctive but in english the subjunctive is the past simple

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but there is a particularity and it's with the verb to be because it is always going to be

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were, regardless of the subject. Remember the song If I Were a Richmond or Beyonce's song

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If I Were a Boy? And then the result goes with would plus a verb or with the modals could or

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might plus verb. And the verb goes as it is. Again, let's go back to Beyonce's song If I Were a Boy.

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I would roll out of bed in the morning, that's the first two lines of the song, and then she says

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in the chorus, if I were a boy, I think I could understand, so the verb doesn't change,

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it goes like that, and we add the would and could, okay? Finally, the last conditional,

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the third conditional we use it for things that are impossible because they are past

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and we can't change them now okay um this is the um the conditional we use for things like guilt

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like regret as i call it in spanish

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El condicional de los golpes en el pecho es el que usamos para la culpa, para los arrepentimientos, para hablar de cosas que son inamovibles porque ya están pasadas y no podemos cambiarlas.

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Y simplemente estamos diciendo cosas que podrían haber ocurrido universos alternativos en los que podrían haber pasado cosas que no han pasado porque no ha ocurrido la condición.

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And how do we form it?

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Basically the same way as in Spanish.

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The condition that now can only go with if, there is no unless here, there is no when,

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only if or whether, plus past perfect, okay?

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And remember the past perfect was formed with had plus the past participle, either ed for

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regular verbs or the third column for irregular verbs, and the result also goes imperfect.

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So we have would have, plus participle, could have, plus participle, or might have, plus participle.

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And, well, I always like to give an example here, like, if I had known that you liked me, I would have asked you out long ago.

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Si yo hubiera sabido que te gustaba, te habría pedido salir hace mucho tiempo

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So that's it for today

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I'm planning on recording specific videos for each conditional type

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Although I don't think I will record a video for the zero type

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Because it's very, very, very easy

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I may mix it with the first conditional

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but yeah this is just a short quick overview introduction for you to start having a look

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at your notes all right see you in class bye