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In the third millennium, despite the progress made in the fields of medicine, science and technology,

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we can see that Abla remains.

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One and a half billion people live below the poverty line with less than a dollar a day.

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Forty-nine states are now part of what we call the least advanced countries, the poorest of the poor.

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These countries make up more than 10% of the world's population, 614 million inhabitants,

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who are trying to survive in extreme poverty.

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Despite the efforts made, the list of the least advanced countries has been extended.

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The United Nations counted 24 in 1971. Today, in 2001, there are 49.

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Although the least advanced countries do not represent a homogeneous group,

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they share some common characteristics.

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They face great difficulties in developing their domestic economy

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and ensuring decent living conditions for their population,

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as well as an extremely vulnerable economy due to external shocks and natural disasters.

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Among the 49 least advanced countries are 40 member states of the ACP, Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific.

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35 in Africa, 1 in the Caribbean and 4 in the Pacific.

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The ACP states are linked to the European Union by the Cotonou Accords, signed in June 2000.

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The ACP is one of the most important players in international cooperation.

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It provides 55% of the world's public aid for development.

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The FED, the European Development Fund, is the main financial tool for aid to the development of the Union,

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intended for the 78 countries of the ACP Group.

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For the period 2000-2005, the 9th FED is endowed with an envelope of 13.2 billion euros,

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to which it is necessary to add the financial resources still available,

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which gives a total of nearly 25 billion euros.

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Faced with globalization and the worsening of the situation of the poorest countries,

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Europe has revised its development policy to improve the effectiveness of its aid.

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With the Cotonou Accords, the reduction of poverty is clearly stated as the first objective of any development aid,

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but no donor or international institution is able to act on all fronts at the same time.

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This is why the European Union aims to target its aid on specific areas.

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In this area, we really have a lot of water problems.

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Because even when we dig a well, we have to go up to 80 meters to find water.

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And it's difficult to feed a population with 80 meters of water.

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70% of the poorest populations live in rural areas,

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highly dependent on agriculture and marked by a fragile ecosystem.

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Access to basic needs, such as drinking water, health and education, is very low.

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The rates of infant mortality and malnutrition are also very high.

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In this area, we have a lot of water problems.

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Because even when we dig a well, we have to go up to 80 meters to find water.

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And it's difficult to feed a population with 80 meters of water.

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In this area, we have a lot of water problems.

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In this area, we have a lot of water problems.

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In this area, we have a lot of water problems.

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First, there are fundamental needs, mainly in terms of hydraulics,

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that is, the creation of water points, be they deep wells or boreholes.

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Then, there are needs in relation to animal health,

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since the main objective of the project is to increase animal production.

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And now, there are needs, mainly in CEREAR,

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because these are often areas that are far from the CEREAR market.

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So, for all these activities, there have been interventions in the project,

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and there is support in relation to basic education,

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such as schools, class construction, support for schools,

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so everything related to feeding the students.

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Rural development is a whole.

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If agriculture is essential, it is also necessary to ensure

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that rural areas benefit from other sectoral programs

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such as health, education, trade or transport.

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Food security constantly threatens some states.

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11 of the 49 poorest countries are supported by the European Food Security Programme.

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This aim is long-term and encourages profound changes in the rural economy.

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In fact, there is a lot of production in irrigated crops

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that can constitute important food supplements.

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It is important for us to raise awareness among the population

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so that they do not think that only the winter crop can suffer and kill the population.

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Here, we have malaria cases,

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and especially sexually transmitted infections in general,

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and unfortunately, AIDS cases.

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We also encounter malnutrition cases,

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and also quite high cases of pulmonary infections

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that can be found in children.

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Parasitosis.

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In fact, it is a disease that we encounter in most developed countries.

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Parasitosis is a sign that is most often caused by bad drinking water,

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which is not so correct, hygiene, flies, etc.

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Despite the immense progress made by medicine,

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the vast majority of the population in the least developed countries

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does not have access to health care at affordable costs.

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Some of these countries are facing a real HIV epidemic

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that affects nearly 30% of the population in the developing countries.

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Moreover, if the rate of schooling increases progressively,

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illiteracy remains one of the main barriers to social development.

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So when the idea was brought up of establishing a community school,

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we actually got very excited because we knew that

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now our young brothers and sisters are going to have access to education.

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What we have done is that we have identified the problems

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that the schools have been facing.

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For instance, the distance between the villages,

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the settlements and the school.

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That is one of the problems.

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In actual fact, that is the one we are addressing currently.

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Apart from the fact that we are improving infrastructure

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because many schools were made out of poo and mud.

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The 2020 initiative, taken by the Community School,

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tries to encourage developing countries

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to invest in the social and human sectors.

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20% of the European aid allocated to basic social services

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against 20% of the national budget of the beneficiary country

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devoted to the same sector.

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The priorities are access to basic education,

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professional training and high-level qualifications,

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health care for all,

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the fight against AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis

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and, above all, special care for the most vulnerable,

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women, who play an essential role in society

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and who are too often the subject of discrimination.

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The vicious circle of poverty cannot be broken

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without the promotion of equality of opportunities.

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What we have done is that we have identified the problems

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that the schools have been facing.

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That is one of the problems.

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I don't know what to say.

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I don't know what to say.

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I don't know what to say.

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I don't know what to say.

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I don't know what to say.

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I don't know what to say.

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Women have been marginalized a lot up to now.

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In addition, they have little financial resources.

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They have a lot of domestic work

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that does not give them enough time

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to do income-generating activities.

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Although 10% of the world's population lives in the least developed countries,

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they make up only 0.5% of the world's trade.

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However, trade is a resource generator

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and one of the ways to achieve sustainable development.

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The European Union is a considerable potential market

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for the least developed countries,

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yet they still have a trade deficit vis-à-vis Europe.

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As part of the Cotonou Agreement,

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major reforms of the trade regime have been undertaken

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in order to help developing countries

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integrate into the global economy.

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These reforms are accompanied by measures

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aimed at helping states to define policies

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that are favorable to trade, investment

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and the development of the private sector,

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but also to improve human resources

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and access to new technologies.

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We currently have five flights a week

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of 40 tons each

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That roughly gives something like

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just slightly over 200 tons of exports

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for fresh produce to Europe every week.

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On an annual basis,

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the industry exports

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around 8,500 tons

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of fresh flowers and vegetables.

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That figure can be divided into 50-50

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between flowers and fresh vegetables.

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Given the level of productivity in this country,

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we still have room to think that

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with quality improvement,

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there are opportunities to advance

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even on the international market,

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where more and more risks are developing.

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This regulation is called TSA,

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All Except Weapons.

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This year, the All Except Weapons initiative

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was born under the impulse of the European Commission.

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It grants the exports of the least developed countries

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a totally free access to the European market,

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except of course for weapons and ammunition.

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The European Union is also actively

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participating in the relaunch of negotiations

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of the World Trade Organization, the WTO,

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and ensures that the interests of developing countries

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are taken into account.

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It also supports regional trade partnerships

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to encourage multilateral trade

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and to establish the position of the poorest countries

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within the WTO.

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Transparency and Poverty

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Lack of transparency and poverty

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are an explosive cocktail

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and can be the cause of conflict

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in the least developed countries.

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Peace, stability and good governance

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are therefore an essential condition

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to eradicate poverty.

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The European development policy supports transparency

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and the strengthening of the state's ability

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to manage public affairs.

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The participation of the private sector

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can be an asset.

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Organized and structured,

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it is called upon to play a decisive role

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in development.

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Whether it is agriculture or health,

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it is necessary that people are involved,

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that people take charge of management,

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that people ask fundamental questions,

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even if at the technical level

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we can always rely

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on qualified personnel.

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We think now that we have engaged

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and disengaged from all execution

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and to do only the accompaniment.

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This means that we arrive today

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with the support of a line

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of the European Union,

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the Decentralized Cooperation,

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to concentrate mainly

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on those who could support

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accompaniment and training

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in the communities.

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I am an agriculturalist,

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a member of the cooperative

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Saint-Hélène-de-Calice, COSAEC,

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and I am a community development

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coordinator.

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This means that we work

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in the community

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with all the groups of peasants,

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the basic organizations,

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the institutions.

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We work in the training,

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to help them understand

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their projects, to train them.

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The prevention of conflicts

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and the strengthening of peace

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are now an integral part

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of development strategies.

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The European Union is committed

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to its mediation services,

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as it has done recently

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in the peace process in Lusaka

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or in the resolution of the conflict

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between Ethiopia and Eritrea.

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In addition, the majority

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of the poorest countries

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are crushed by an unbearable

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foreign debt.

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The European Union supports

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the easing of this debt

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through the initiative

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launched by the IMF,

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All those who live on the planet

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and who share this planet,

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obviously,

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if we want to protect it,

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if we want to continue

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to have a decent quality of life,

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it would be necessary that the benefits

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and the, how could I say,

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the elements of quality

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are the same in the North and in the South.

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Well, more or less equal.

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Often underestimated,

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the quality of the environment

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has a direct impact on the lives

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of the populations of the least advanced countries.

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These populations depend on the effects

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of natural resources that provide them

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food, energy and income.

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We are not going to build a station.

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We have to build a road.

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We have to build a road.

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We have to build a road.

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We have to build a road.

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We have to build a road.

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We have to build a road.

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We have to build a road.

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We have to build a road.

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We have to build a road.

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We have to build a road.

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All this is a problem.

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Sustainable management of the environment

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is a crucial issue for the least advanced countries.

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Their populations also have the skills

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and desire to preserve nature

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around them while fighting

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00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:52,000
desertification,

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00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:54,000
encouraging planting

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00:14:54,000 --> 00:14:56,000
and reforestation,

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00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:58,000
organizing irrigation

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00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:00,000
and biodiversity.

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00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:04,000
Nigeria is a Sahelian country

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00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:06,000
in a large majority

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00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:08,000
and a country

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00:15:08,000 --> 00:15:10,000
that is threatened

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00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:12,000
by the desert.

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We have said that

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in the fight

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00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:18,000
against the desert

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00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:20,000
it is very useful

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00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:22,000
to adopt

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00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:24,000
this wood-building

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00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:26,000
technique

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00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:28,000
and reduce the use

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00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:30,000
of plant cover.

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00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:34,000
Environmental aspects

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00:15:34,000 --> 00:15:36,000
are now an integral part

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00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:38,000
of European development policy

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00:15:38,000 --> 00:15:40,000
in favor of sustainable

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00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:42,000
and integrated development.

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00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:54,000
The economy of the least advanced countries

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00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:56,000
is dependent on transport.

296
00:15:56,000 --> 00:15:58,000
The absence or inefficiency

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00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:00,000
of this fragments the market,

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00:16:00,000 --> 00:16:02,000
marginalizes the enclaved regions,

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00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:04,000
hinders exports and trade,

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00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:06,000
discourages foreign investments,

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00:16:06,000 --> 00:16:08,000
limits the mobility of workers,

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00:16:08,000 --> 00:16:10,000
goods and services.

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00:16:10,000 --> 00:16:12,000
Often the development of a country

304
00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:14,000
is strongly dependent on an adequate

305
00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:16,000
or well-maintained transport system.

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00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:20,000
I am a trader

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00:16:20,000 --> 00:16:22,000
and I have been doing this for a long time.

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00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:24,000
I have been trading

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00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:26,000
for 60 kilometers.

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00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:28,000
I have been trading

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00:16:28,000 --> 00:16:30,000
for three hours

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00:16:30,000 --> 00:16:32,000
for three hours.

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00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:34,000
I am trading

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00:16:34,000 --> 00:16:36,000
to make money

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00:16:36,000 --> 00:16:38,000
and to buy goods.

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00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:40,000
I have been trading

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00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:42,000
for a long time

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00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:44,000
and I have been trading

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00:16:44,000 --> 00:16:46,000
in the market

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00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:48,000
because of the lack of transport.

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00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:55,000
Through its cooperation,

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00:16:55,000 --> 00:16:57,000
the European Union is committed

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00:16:57,000 --> 00:16:59,000
to support the creation

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00:16:59,000 --> 00:17:01,000
and maintenance of sustainable

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00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:03,000
transport systems.

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00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,000
It has made one of its priorities

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00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:07,000
cooperation and to take into account

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00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:09,000
all the socio-economic needs

329
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:11,000
of the least advanced countries,

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00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:13,000
it encourages integrated strategies

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00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:15,000
of transport at the national level

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00:17:15,000 --> 00:17:17,000
which includes both the road,

333
00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:19,000
the rail, the air or the waterways.

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00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:25,000
The United Nations has set itself

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00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:27,000
as a goal to reduce by half

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00:17:27,000 --> 00:17:29,000
the number of people living

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00:17:29,000 --> 00:17:31,000
below the poverty line

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00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:33,000
by 2015.

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00:17:33,000 --> 00:17:35,000
This goal is also pursued

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00:17:35,000 --> 00:17:37,000
by the European Union.

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00:17:37,000 --> 00:17:39,000
To achieve this goal,

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00:17:39,000 --> 00:17:41,000
the work to be done is huge.

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00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:43,000
Only a solid partnership

344
00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:45,000
between the least advanced

345
00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:47,000
countries and fundraisers

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00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:49,000
will allow to conceive

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00:17:49,000 --> 00:17:51,000
coherent collaboration mechanisms

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00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:53,000
for the development

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00:17:53,000 --> 00:17:55,000
of the least advanced countries.