1 00:00:15,410 --> 00:00:18,370 Hola, holita. Bienvenidos al curso de uso del color. 2 00:00:19,010 --> 00:00:24,929 My name is Ramón and we are going to start with a brief introduction to color and color perception. 3 00:00:26,129 --> 00:00:32,369 In this introduction to color management we will discuss what color is and how it is perceived. 4 00:00:33,570 --> 00:00:39,649 Color is a sensation that we perceive through the sense of sight and it occurs when light illuminates 5 00:00:39,649 --> 00:00:46,530 an object or an image this light is reflected and reaches our eyes so how do we perceive color 6 00:00:47,090 --> 00:00:53,490 through visual cells in the retina of our eye known as rods and cones 7 00:00:54,450 --> 00:01:01,890 rods are the light sensitive visual cells and cones are the visual cells capable of perceiving 8 00:01:01,890 --> 00:01:14,049 colors therefore in our eyes we have three types of cones that are sensitive to the colors red green 9 00:01:14,049 --> 00:01:22,769 and blue these colors will sound familiar because we will discuss rgb red green and blue later on 10 00:01:25,739 --> 00:01:31,980 since we are talking about light and how we perceive it we will need to discuss the visible 11 00:01:31,980 --> 00:01:38,939 spectrum of light for the human eye, because animals may have a broader or a narrower visible 12 00:01:38,939 --> 00:01:50,359 spectrum. Our spectrum ranges from 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers. Anything outside of this range 13 00:01:50,359 --> 00:01:58,260 falls into the ultraviolet infrared wavelengths, but we cannot perceive it. We will refer to colors 14 00:01:58,260 --> 00:02:07,769 as any wavelength that falls within these ranges. 15 00:02:07,769 --> 00:02:12,770 If the human eye perceives an equal amount of all wavelengths, 16 00:02:12,770 --> 00:02:15,770 what we will see is white light. 17 00:02:15,770 --> 00:02:18,770 In fact, in the image of the right, 18 00:02:18,770 --> 00:02:25,770 you can see that all wavelengths are reflected from the white object. 19 00:02:25,770 --> 00:02:28,770 When we see a black object, 20 00:02:28,770 --> 00:02:39,310 All wavelengths hit the object, but none are reflected, and as a result, we perceive it as black. 21 00:02:40,169 --> 00:02:52,129 I'm showing this image to illustrate that when all wavelengths hit an object, but only one is reflected, that is the color that we perceive. 22 00:02:56,500 --> 00:03:00,800 Now that we have discussed color perception, let's talk about classification. 23 00:03:00,800 --> 00:03:08,979 We have two groups of colors, additive or light colors, and subtractive or pigment colors. 24 00:03:10,099 --> 00:03:15,400 Additive colors consist of red, green, and blue, often referred to as RGB. 25 00:03:16,419 --> 00:03:26,240 These are the colors used in screens such as mobile devices, tablets, computers, computer monitors, television, etc., as they emit light. 26 00:03:26,240 --> 00:03:34,080 On the other hand, we have subtractive colors, which are used in various printing methods, 27 00:03:34,360 --> 00:03:40,240 like flexography, offset printing, digital printing, and screen printing. 28 00:03:40,860 --> 00:03:47,680 These colors are cyan, magenta, and yellow, to which black is often added, 29 00:03:49,539 --> 00:03:55,139 although the primary subtractive colors are cyan, magenta, and yellow. 30 00:03:55,139 --> 00:04:10,509 Now that we have two color groups, let's talk about additive synthesis, specifically the colors of light. 31 00:04:10,509 --> 00:04:15,509 Mixing different lights will give us different colors. 32 00:04:15,509 --> 00:04:30,360 The primary colors for additive synthesis are red, green and blue, as shown in these circles, red, green and blue. 33 00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:35,360 The combination of two primary colors results in a secondary color. 34 00:04:35,360 --> 00:04:42,360 Red plus green gives yellow, green plus blue gives cyan, and red plus blue gives magenta. 35 00:04:42,360 --> 00:04:50,360 Interestingly, these secondary colors become the primary colors in the subtractive synthesis. 36 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:58,740 When we combine all the colors of additive synthesis, we get white in the center. 37 00:04:58,740 --> 00:05:04,180 It's the sum of all colors. 38 00:05:04,180 --> 00:05:12,180 As mentioned earlier, when we combine all the wavelengths of light, we perceive it as white light. 39 00:05:12,180 --> 00:05:22,819 Here we see the combination of all colors. Red and green make yellow. 40 00:05:22,819 --> 00:05:26,819 Green and blue make cyan, and blue and red make magenta. 41 00:05:26,819 --> 00:05:31,819 And the combination of all the three primary colors results in white. 42 00:05:31,819 --> 00:05:38,149 We move on to define what subtractive synthesis is. 43 00:05:38,149 --> 00:05:44,649 It's a synthesis in which the primary colors are CMY, pigment colors. 44 00:05:44,649 --> 00:05:46,949 Why is it called that? 45 00:05:46,949 --> 00:05:52,949 Because as we add colors, we subtract the colors of the substrate. 46 00:05:52,949 --> 00:06:00,949 If the substrate was white and we start adding pigment colors, that white will disappear. 47 00:06:00,949 --> 00:06:09,629 We'll talk about the colors cyan, magenta and yellow as primary colors. 48 00:06:09,629 --> 00:06:15,829 The mixture of the two primary colors will create a secondary color, which in this case 49 00:06:15,829 --> 00:06:25,250 we can see are the primary colors of additive synthesis, red, green and blue. 50 00:06:25,250 --> 00:06:31,389 As we have been discussing primary and secondary colors, let's define now what primary colors 51 00:06:31,389 --> 00:06:32,389 are. 52 00:06:32,389 --> 00:06:38,889 They are colors that cannot be obtained by mixing any other colors within their synthesis. 53 00:06:38,889 --> 00:06:42,389 Therefore, they are considered unique. 54 00:06:42,389 --> 00:06:48,490 In the case of additive synthesis, we have red, green and blue as primary colors. 55 00:06:48,490 --> 00:06:53,790 In a subtractive synthesis, we can have cyan, magenta and yellow. 56 00:06:53,790 --> 00:07:00,069 It's true that if we are designing, we can't restrict ourselves to just the primary colors, 57 00:07:00,069 --> 00:07:06,629 our design would be quite limited how do we achieve the millions of colors that we can obtain 58 00:07:06,629 --> 00:07:17,939 by mixing colors the combination of two primary colors results in a secondary color as we mentioned 59 00:07:17,939 --> 00:07:25,379 earlier when mixing rgb light colors we obtain the secondary colors cyan magenta and yellow 60 00:07:25,379 --> 00:07:33,100 which are the primaries of subtractive synthesis when mixing pigment colors 61 00:07:33,100 --> 00:07:40,779 cyan magenta and yellow we get red green and blue the mixture of pigment colors 62 00:07:40,779 --> 00:07:49,180 is referred to as subtractive because as primary colors are mixed the resulting 63 00:07:49,180 --> 00:07:53,860 color loses brightness brightness is typically provided by the white 64 00:07:53,860 --> 00:08:02,490 substrate. Now let's define tertiary colors. Tertiary colors are those obtained 65 00:08:02,490 --> 00:08:08,769 by mixing a primary color with an adjacent secondary color. When we look at 66 00:08:08,769 --> 00:08:15,370 the color wheel we will see that the adjacent secondary color is