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hello guys once again let's go to continue with the unit number three related with the primary

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sector here today or in the other presentation we talk about the characteristics of the agriculture

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and especially we focus in the different factors that affect agriculture don't you remember the

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type of factors that affect agriculture yes no if you remember there is a couple

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a couple of groups first we have the physical factors and second we have the

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human factors according with the physical factors we have the relief

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climate, fauna, the soil and so on and related to the human factor especially

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we have for example the policies the increase in population and the

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different markets that affect the agriculture. Finally we mentioned some

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of the modern factors that are changing agriculture such as the new styles or the new healthier styles

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according with when you are selecting one product or another when you are doing the shopping

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or the ones related with new techniques or new commercial agriculture methods

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so great today we are going to talk about the agricultural landscapes and then also we will

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mention the different systems that are related to agriculture all around the

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world we will see two different groups and six different examples then starting

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with the agricultural landscape the definition what is an agricultural

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landscape it's a natural area modified by the human

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when you transform a natural place into another different use, in this case for agriculture.

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Then we have a lot of different agricultural landscapes, but we have to learn that because

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of that we are going to group all of them in different factors. For example,

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According with the type of settlement we have two types of agricultural landscapes, the concentrated rural settlements and the scattered rural settlements.

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The concentrated are the ones where the houses are grouped together.

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For example, we are going to find this in the most of the villages, towns and cities all around the world.

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And the scattered rural settlements are the ones where the houses are isolated.

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In Spain, for example, it's going to take the form of isolated farmhouse or very, very small villages.

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Then, according with the plot characteristic, we have also two types of agricultural landscapes.

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First, we have the open fields, this is an English word that is also used in Spanish.

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means regular plots with no boundaries this is so typical in Central Europe on

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the other hand we have the enclosed fields of a cache in this case we have

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irregular plots separated by walls fences hedges and so on this is quite

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typical in the European countries near the Atlantic Ocean finally according

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with the cultivation systems we have three ways of the agriculture landscape

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first according with the crop diversity if we have only one type of product then

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we say that it's monoculture if we have more than one then we have polyculture where the land is

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divided up into small plots and farmers grow a variety of crops then we have according to

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irrigation system we have also two different agricultural landscapes they could be rainfed

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typical from dry land only because of the rain it's the only amount of water

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they are going to receive or we also have irrigated farming apart from the

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rain they are going to use any other techniques or methods to brought water

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to the fields and finally we have according to the land use we have

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intensive agriculture looking for the maximum productivity or extensive

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agriculture the intensive agriculture is characterized by because they are going

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reduce the space and they are going to have large investment in fertilizers in

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special seeds in machinery and so on and the ones related to extensive agriculture

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they use big pieces of land to produce large amount of one product at low cost

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okay guys now that we have seen or we have mentioned the different agriculture

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landscape let's go to try to recognize some of them according with information

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according to the information that we have said can anyone recognize these

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kind of agriculture landscape five seconds in the first picture as you can

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see it's a big plot of land with no borders so it's an open field of course

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we cannot see if it's regular or irregular but the interface of the

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image is that we don't have borders in the second one instead we can see that

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there are a small plot of lands with different forms and all of that

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surrounded by henses or walls. In the third and fourth pictures we can see the

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first one we have a lot of different crops show its polyculture and in this

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in the four one we have only just one type of product so is monoculture two

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more pictures but in this case is easier easier because I put you that solution

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for one of them we have an extensive landscape and an intensive landscape

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then related to the different systems that appear all around the world the agricultural systems

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are divided into two types depending on the level of technical and economic

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development we have the subsistence agriculture and we have the commercial agriculture commercial

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or capitalist agriculture also or the one related to globalization let's go to see one by one

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all of them the subsistence the traditional agriculture is the one that provide farmers

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on the local market with the basic food requirements so they are not looking for

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the maximum maximum productivity so tend to be is more familiar or maybe a little bit bigger than

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familiar but not looking for the global market and they are going to use mainly polyculture

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The techniques are not very developed and for this reason the yield is low.

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We have three different types of techniques to mention, for example, the slush and burn

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safety cultivation that involves cutting and burning vegetation to create farmlands.

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This kind of technique is so common in Africa, South America and part of Asia, and the productivity

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can be only taken for a few years.

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Then we have the extensive dryland farming that is based on a crop rotation system.

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don't know if you remember from Segunda de la ESO when we started the second year crop rotation or

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the three year crop rotation from the middle ages it's to divide into three part your plot of land

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using two of them with different crop and in the third one you are going to

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left it in a fallow to ensure that the soil becomes fertile again this kind of technique

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it's normally used in tropical climates especially again in asia africa and south america

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finally we have the irrigated rice farming that probably you have seen pictures about this kind of

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agriculture in a book and also you can check it in page 72. this type of farming is very intensive

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and required a lot of people for producing high yields normally they are looking for maximum

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productivity obtaining two crops in a year this is this technique is quite common in southeast asia

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Then, related to commercial agriculture, we could find also three main techniques, but mainly the characteristics is that we can find these products all around the world, in markets, shopping centers, supermarkets, and so on.

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these products meet consumer demand and have competitive price and they invest in modern

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machinery selected seeds and so on looking for the maximum productivity remember that we mentioned

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that they have to meet consumer demands so a lot of productions will be needed what are the

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techniques for the commercial agriculture the extensive survey of

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farming this is quite common in Australia United States and Canada it

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used very little manual labor and is highly mechanized normally is going to

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be used for crops such as cereals and oil seeds such as sunflower big plot of

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land with high technification then we have the plantation agriculture is quite

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similar to the extensive cereal farming but it's located in tropical regions on

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On the other hand, it is also highly mechanized and depends on international markets and the competitiveness of the produce prices. What is the main difference between extensive cereal farming and plantation agriculture?

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the extensive is located in the United States Australia and Canada developed

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countries and the plantation agriculture are located in South America the east of

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Asia or in Africa so they are depending on the prices that are selected in their

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developed countries finally to finish because we don't have more time just to

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mentioned the Mediterranean aquaculture in close to Mediterranean Sea with

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irrigated crops such as fruit and vegetables with techniques like the

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greenhouses that increase their productivity so guys with this we

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finish the chapter number three and in the next video I will talk about chapter

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number four and probably I will put a voluntary activity so guys thank you

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very much see you soon I hope so