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Well, today we are going to start the last unit of this year, the unit 8, that is related with the 17th century, as you can see in the title.

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So what we are going to see, if we follow the index, is first the economy in the 17th century.

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So we are going to give a whole picture of the economy.

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We will talk about the economy in general and then the economy in Spain, the society, how the society was structured, then the political system.

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you'll see that there is a main political system, but they are going to appear new.

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This specific epigraph related with the political system is really important for

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the next year, for 4th of ESO, because we will start with a society and a political system

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really close to this. So the idea is everything we are going to study in this unit is going to be

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seen in the next course, or we are going to continue with it in the first unit of the next

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We are going to talk about the Thirty Years' War, La Guerra de los Treinta Años, and Spain

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in the 17th century.

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These are going to be the five points we are going to see in this unit, the last five points,

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and this is going to be all.

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So let's see.

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Let's begin with the economy in the 17th century.

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So the basic idea is the economy in the 17th century is going to be based in agriculture,

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course agricultural production as it was in the medieval ages and it was in not

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only in the medieval ages but in the modern age in 15th and 16th century and

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but the main characteristics of this economy in the 17th century is crisis we

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are going to suffer an economic crisis this economic crisis is going to be

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related to a demographic crisis demographic crisis means crisis

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demographica means that there is a lot of people that they are going to die

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okay and they are going to die because of this economic crisis because we have

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food we have no food for everyone we are not going to have enough resources to

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make everyone survive and also because of the different wars like the 30 year

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wars okay so these wars are going to provoke also or they are going to

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contribute to this demographic crisis okay so let's start with this economy

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let's see it step by step and the first thing we need to see is this crisis is

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that we have an economy based on agriculture and also

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that there is a moment of crisis okay so let's see the European economy we will

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see in the point 1.1 we see the European economy in 1.2 we are going to

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see the Spanish economy so let's see the European economy the 17th century was

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characterized as an agricultural crisis what I said agricultural is is basic

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that's the basic economic activity but there is going to be a crisis during

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the 17th century okay so it's the main economic activity but it's going to be

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affected by some factors that they are going to let into a crisis which are the

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factors of this crisis okay the first one is the wars why wars are an economic

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factor they are affecting the economy because the wars means that we are going to need people

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as soldiers and where are they coming these people from the farmers the peasants so we are going to

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take the peasants take these farmers and they are going to fight in the armies for the king

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or the queen so the idea is we are going to have all these people all these farmers and peasants

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fighting in the wars so if they are fighting they are not cultivating so the

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the production agricultural production is going to decrease so due to these

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wars they are going to also destroy agricultural areas but also they are

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going to reduce the workforce the peasants the number of people working in

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the countryside okay so that's the idea they are going to destroy agricultural

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areas because maybe a battle is going to be in the countryside so this battle is

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going to destroy agricultural areas so the production agricultural production

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decreases and also there is going to be a reduction of the workforce in the

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countryside because of this because of the of these wars because they are they

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are using this workforce okay for to be soldiers it means they are going to take

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these peasants, they are going to take these people in order to be the soldiers

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in the army. So that's why the wars are going to affect this agricultural crisis.

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They are going to lead, they are going to be one of the causes of this

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agricultural crisis. So the production is going to decrease, agricultural

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production is going to decrease due to this destruction

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of agricultural areas and the workforce part of the farmers and

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peasants are going to go to the world as as soldiers the second a cause the

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second cause for this agricultural crisis is going to be the plagues knowledge

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plagues and when we talk about plus we talk about epidemic we talk about

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illness okay remember nowadays about coronavirus okay so when we talk about

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plagues we are talking about a illness viruses that they are killing people

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okay so this is going to increase the mortality so it means the mortality of

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the peasants that they are poor that they have nothing to eat that they do

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not live in good conditions so the mortality is going to increase so that

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is going the workforce the agricultural workforce is going to reduce again okay

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so the wars are going to reduce the workforce in the countryside also the

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plagues and the wars are going to destroy part of the agricultural areas

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what do we have here the Black Death la peste in the 17th century as you can see

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the the Black Death is going to enter through the different ports in the

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Iberian Peninsula and is going to affect Castile Portugal and Aragon and also

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France of course okay so as you can see for the days during the 17th century the

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Iberian Peninsula and part of Europe also Italy are going to suffer the black

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death so the population is going to decrease so less people working in the

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countryside okay this is a portrait this is a painting where you can see the

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representation of people can you see people that they are infected that they

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are dying okay the babies that they are with their mother the mother and the

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baby died that sorry and this Corp that is carried by two persons so the people

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is dying because of this because of this illness the black death and the living

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people needs to take care of the death or the illness people the ill people so

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the third one is that the farmers are going to migrate from the cities to the

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city sorry in order to avoid paying taxes so the idea is if you live in the

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countryside you work for a landlord you work for a Lord and you know that if you

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work for a Lord you need to pay taxes to the Lord so the idea is these farmers

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are going to migrate to the cities to avoid paying taxes that's the point okay

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so what we are going to have is these farmers migrating to the cities in order

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to avoid paying taxes that's the point okay so it means we are going to reduce

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the number of farmers the number of persons or reduce the workforce in the

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countryside why because they are migrating to the cities what do they

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what they are going to do in the cities they are going to live in the cities by

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begging okay it means pidiendo dinero they could they prefer to live in the

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city without paying taxes without living as almost slaves okay and live as

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homeless people okay on the streets asking for money okay because their

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situation is better in that way than working in the countryside okay so wars

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flags farmers migrating all this is producing this agricultural crisis the

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reduction of the agricultural production with regard to a reduction of the workforce in the

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countryside and also because of the destruction of some agricultural areas. We need to take into

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consideration also that the agricultural techniques are going to be outdated. What is outdated?

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Antiquados. It means we are going to produce a few. It means we do not have machines, we do not have

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fertilizers in order to increase the productivity so that as the techniques are old as the techniques

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are outdated okay the productivity is the is low okay so it means low productivity and the

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reduction of the production because of these factors and of course there are going to be

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years of a hot or but about harvest what does it mean that maybe is not going to rain enough

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because maybe we are or we are going to have a low temperatures so the the

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harvest are going to die etc so that's but that that is about harvest to kill

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the production or to reduce the production because the weather is not

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positive because the weather is not helping to cultivate the harvest so

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that's the idea it means there are going to be years of bad harvest and these

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years of bad harvests are going to be based on that on bad weather it means a

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lack of rain it means a lack of water or a lack of high temperatures in order to

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make the different plants the different harvest to grow so how we are going to

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call this agricultural crisis that means to reduce the agricultural production

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and increase the number of the people because they have nothing to eat we are

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going to call this subsistence crisis in Spanish crisis de subsistencia it means

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we do not have enough food to to provide or to to make everyone to survive it

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means as the production decreases the prices are going to increase so the poor

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people cannot buy so and also the production is less so there is no food

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for everyone so the majority of the population did not have enough food this is called subsystem

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crisis and it's characterized by this hunger and demographic decline it means people dying okay the

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number of people the death rates are going to increase okay due to this a lack of food

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so the people died of hunger that's the idea okay in the 17th century we are going to have

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this agricultural crisis okay because the um agricultural production is going to decrease

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because of the wars because of the plaques because the farmers are going to migrate to the cities in

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order not to pay taxes okay because there are going to be years of a harvest that there is no

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water enough or there is not going to be high temperatures in order to make this to make this

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to make the harvest to grow and also because the techniques are outdated they are so nanti

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quarters so it means we cannot increase the productivity due to these facts the production

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is going to decrease so there is not going to be food for everyone but also as the production

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decrease the prices are going to increase what does it mean lady of earth I demand a

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that is, if I have a lot of one thing and I want people to buy it and people are not

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interested, that is, if there is a lot of supply, that is, a lot of product but there is little demand,

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what will happen is that prices go down because if people do not buy me the only way to

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tell them hey buy me the chair hey buy me this is to lower the price now well the other way around if there is

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little supply that is to say little product and there is a lot of demand that is to say there is little product little food and

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and there is a lot of demand, everyone needs to eat, the prices go up, because, of course, you sell it to the best

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postman. What happens? Obviously the poor are the ones who are going to eat less and the ones who are going to die the most.

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And that is a subsistence crisis. It means when you, the production decreases, the prices increases, and the

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majority of the population has nothing to eat. So they are going to die. For example, this case, you see here,

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These are the death rates

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You see these peaks

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So it means

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When you see these peaks

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It means that we are in a subsistence

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In a subsistence crisis

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Because it means

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That the deaths are going to increase

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Sharply

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Rapidly

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Quickly

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So it means they are going to die

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Could die because of wars

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But also because of subsistence crisis

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Crisis demográficas, crisis de subsistencia

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So you see at the end of the 17th century and early 18th century

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You see at the end of the 17th century there are a lot of subsistent crises

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So this demographic crisis means that there are going to die more people

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That the people is giving birth

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The birth rates are going to be less than the death rates

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Quiere decir, muere más gente de la que nace

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Por tanto, the population decreases

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Here the population is increasing

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Because we have more people giving birth

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Than the people dying

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So these are the demographic crises

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And these demographic crises could be provoked

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By a subsistence crisis

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This means there is not enough food in order to feed all the population.

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Also could happen because of wars.

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So this is the agricultural crisis.

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And these are the causes of this agricultural crisis in Europe in the 17th century.

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What is going to happen in the second half of the 17th century?

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That the situation is going to improve a little.

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It means the population is going to tend to increase now.

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So, the crisis, the agricultural crisis, is basically in the first half of the 17th century.

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In the second half of the 17th century, what we are going to have is the situation is going to improve.

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It doesn't mean that we are not going to have subsistence crisis.

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We are going to have subsistence crisis.

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But in the second half of the 17th century, the population is going to tend to increase,

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because these subsistence crises are less, and they are less important.

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So by the end of the century the population had increased to the same level that it was at the beginning, mirad

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So let's see here

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if you check in the

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1600 what we have is 8 million people

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Okay in 1650 what we have is 7 million

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We have lost 1 million people and in the beginning of the 18th century what we have recovered is half of a million

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It means it is not exactly the same level as in the beginning of the century, the 17th century,

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but in the early 18th century we have recovered part of the population and the tendency is to increase.

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The tendency is to increase.

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So it means after this crisis in the 17th century, the demographic tendency is to increase.

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so that at the end of the century the population had increased not exactly to the same level but

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more or less to the same level that it was in the beginning of the century so this recovery was a

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possible due to these factors first fewer wars it means there is less people dying because of

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the wars second there is going to be a grow in the colonial trade okay due to this trade we have

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more products okay there are going to be new colonies etc that they are going to make the

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trade to increase okay new empires for example this is in orange the is the spanish empire

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in purple is the portuguese empire but you see the dutch the netherlands they are going to have

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south africa and they are going to have indonesia if you check the british are going to have the

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green one the hudson bay and the 13 colonies that they are going to be the united states nowadays

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the the different archipelagos or territories in central america and finally the french in america

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the french in some of the islands here and in africa okay makes sense so the idea is there is

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going to be in the 17th century a colonial expansion of other countries

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not only Spain and or the Hispanic monarchy and Portugal but also France

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the United Kingdom or Great Britain and the Netherlands okay that they are going

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to create new colonial empires and it means new products to trade with so it

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means more food so we are going to see how the demographic crisis is going to

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decrease and agricultural crisis is going to diminish so the Kings are going

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to encourage to founding this private to founding or to found private trading

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companies it means imagine the King has no money to create this colonial Empire

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so he is going to say okay you imagine Marcos Agüera Marcos you need to create

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a company okay you are going to create a company you are going to put your own

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money you are going to invest your own money and you are going to trade with

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this territory this territory is going to be Spanish from now on okay but you

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are going to acquire most of the profit the major part del beneficio of this

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okay so the idea is there was a growth in colonial trade okay the expansion of

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these colonial empires is going to make this colonial trade to increase and also

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the Kings are going to foster are going to encourage not promote this colonial

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trade creating this private trading companies for example this is the East

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Indian Company is British and is going to control British India okay this is

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00:19:31,150 --> 00:19:36,289
the East Indian Company but is the the Dutch Indian Company this is the

220
00:19:36,289 --> 00:19:40,589
Netherlands and they are going to control what Indonesia and they are

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going to trade also with Japan or here La Real Compania Guipuzcoana de Caracas

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Guipuzcoa is in the Basque Country so is a royal company to trade with Caracas

223
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Venezuela here so the idea is this company is going to trade with Caracas

224
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in order to obtain what cocoa it means cacao so what they are going to do is to

225
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start trading with this so they are going to foster or promote or encourage

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the colonial trade how creating new colonial empires and also creating this

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these colonial companies okay this private colonial companies like the

228
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Netherlands one the British one or the Spanish one finally we need to talk

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about the textile industry that is going to view or is going to grow sorry is

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going to grow in some countries like the Netherlands and in England and the

231
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monarchs are going to intervene in economy this is really important the

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monarchs are going to decide to intervene in economy not only fostering

233
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the creation of these colonial empires or fostering the creation or the

234
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foundation of these private trading companies they are going to intervene in

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the economy through this mercantile system.

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We have talked about this, about the mercantile system, and you know how it works, but I will

237
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explain it again.

238
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Mercantile system is based on trading, it means we want to make money through trading.

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So the idea is we want to produce and we want to sell our products.

240
00:21:28,180 --> 00:21:34,220
But if we want to earn money, what we need to do is to sell products but not to buy products

241
00:21:34,220 --> 00:21:35,220
to others.

242
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What does it mean?

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00:21:37,900 --> 00:21:42,059
A commodity economy, a commodity system is based on that, on I sell a lot and buy

244
00:21:42,059 --> 00:21:43,059
little.

245
00:21:43,059 --> 00:21:44,059
Why?

246
00:21:44,059 --> 00:21:47,579
Because if I sell a lot, I earn money and if I buy little, I spend little money, so

247
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I earn a lot of money, right?

248
00:21:50,180 --> 00:21:51,759
That is the idea.

249
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This commodity system is based on that, on selling a lot and buying little.

250
00:21:55,660 --> 00:21:57,940
How can I do to buy little?

251
00:21:57,940 --> 00:22:01,359
le pongo impuestos a los productos que vienen de otros países.

252
00:22:02,200 --> 00:22:04,460
Por tanto, mis productos los vendo fuera,

253
00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:07,980
pero los que vienen de otros países les subo un impuesto especial

254
00:22:07,980 --> 00:22:11,319
para que sean más caros y que la gente decida no comprarlos.

255
00:22:11,880 --> 00:22:15,440
Si yo, viviendo en España, compro un producto a Gran Bretaña

256
00:22:15,440 --> 00:22:17,579
y es más caro que el producto que se produce en España,

257
00:22:17,700 --> 00:22:19,680
¿a quién voy a comprar el producto de España?

258
00:22:20,119 --> 00:22:20,980
No al británico.

259
00:22:20,980 --> 00:22:22,319
Por tanto, ¿qué hago?

260
00:22:22,319 --> 00:22:31,859
fomento vender exportar y trato de evitar importar comprar a otros países eso es el

261
00:22:31,859 --> 00:22:39,539
sistema mercantil fomentar el comercio y fomentar lo que se llama la intervención en economía lo

262
00:22:39,539 --> 00:22:45,980
que se llama el protección ismo por proteges tu economía frente a otros países vale

263
00:22:45,980 --> 00:22:52,019
So, the monarchs are going to intervene in the economy implementing this mercantile system.

264
00:22:52,019 --> 00:22:56,640
How it's going to be based is increasing the amount of precious metals, of course, they

265
00:22:56,640 --> 00:23:01,799
need to pay, I mean to produce, so what they are going to do is to try to obtain more precious

266
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metals, silver and gold, and prevent these metals to go to other countries, it means

267
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to buy to other countries, and protecting national industries by taxing imported products,

268
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It means that these imported products are going to have an extra tax that they are going

269
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to make these products more expensive than the Spanish products.

270
00:23:24,180 --> 00:23:28,960
So that's why the population is going to buy the Spanish products and is not going to buy

271
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the imported products.

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Make sense?

273
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So a mercantile system is based on trading and is based on protecting my economy how

274
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establishing extra taxes to the products that came from other countries, it means the imported

275
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products.

276
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How?

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Why?

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00:23:48,880 --> 00:23:53,240
Because what I'm going to do is to increase the exportations, it means to increase the

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00:23:53,240 --> 00:24:02,700
products sold to other countries and to decrease the products bought or that we are going to

280
00:24:02,700 --> 00:24:05,160
buy to other countries.

281
00:24:05,160 --> 00:24:06,160
Make sense?

282
00:24:06,160 --> 00:24:12,039
idea is if I want to earn money what I need is to increase the exportations it

283
00:24:12,039 --> 00:24:16,000
means to increase the products I'm going to sell to other countries and decrease

284
00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:21,839
the products I'm going to buy for those countries okay so that's it that's the

285
00:24:21,839 --> 00:24:27,319
mercantile system and in order to do this what I need is the king to

286
00:24:27,319 --> 00:24:34,579
intervene in economy it means the king to promote not to buy products outside

287
00:24:34,579 --> 00:24:42,380
Spain and to promote this this the population of Spain to sell products to

288
00:24:42,380 --> 00:24:47,299
the other countries also what I need is more precious metals what I need is

289
00:24:47,299 --> 00:24:53,000
silver and gold in order to increase the money that I'm going to have to produce

290
00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:58,819
more products and I do not want this money to be used in other countries

291
00:24:58,819 --> 00:25:12,619
That is to say, I'm going to buy little, sell a lot, and the money I produce, the amount of money I get, I want it to be a lot, I don't want to spend it in other countries, I want to have a lot of money to be rich.

292
00:25:13,039 --> 00:25:19,400
To do all that, the monarch has to intervene, the monarch has to act in the economy, it can't be that the companies act alone.

293
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There has to be a monarch saying, over here, over there, we invest here, we buy here.

294
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So, these are the basis of this recovery.

295
00:25:30,859 --> 00:25:39,259
It means fewer wars, so there is less people dying or less agricultural fields destroyed.

296
00:25:39,259 --> 00:25:45,579
Second, the colonial trade is going to grow due to these private trading companies and

297
00:25:45,579 --> 00:25:49,460
the creation of new colonial empires.

298
00:25:49,460 --> 00:25:56,200
There is going to be an increase in the textile industry that is going to grow in some countries

299
00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:59,859
like England and the Netherlands.

300
00:25:59,859 --> 00:26:04,500
And finally, they are going to establish this specific type of economy, mercantile, the

301
00:26:04,500 --> 00:26:09,339
mercantile system, mercantile economy, based on what the king is going to intervene in

302
00:26:09,339 --> 00:26:13,579
economy because he's going to say what to do related with economy.

303
00:26:13,579 --> 00:26:17,700
Second, we want to sell a lot to other countries.

304
00:26:17,700 --> 00:26:24,779
Third, we want to decrease the amount of products bought to other countries.

305
00:26:24,779 --> 00:26:30,440
We do not want to buy to other countries because we want to have the money in our country.

306
00:26:30,660 --> 00:26:35,940
So it means we want to increase the amount of silver and gold in our countries

307
00:26:35,940 --> 00:26:41,000
and avoid using these metals in the other countries.

308
00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:59,859
So that the king intervenes in the economy, that we have a lot of gold and silver in the country, that the interior economy is protected by selling a lot and buying little in other countries, and accumulating those precious metals that we are not going to use outside.

309
00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:16,119
be deeper okay the idea is our crisis our agricultural crisis is going to be

310
00:27:16,119 --> 00:27:19,779
deeper and our demographic decline or demographic crisis is going to be

311
00:27:19,779 --> 00:27:24,920
deeper it means it's going to be worse than in Europe so Spain is going to

312
00:27:24,920 --> 00:27:31,319
suffer okay is going to suffer an economic and agricultural and demographic

313
00:27:31,319 --> 00:27:36,740
crisis that is going to be harder than the European one okay so in Europe the

314
00:27:36,740 --> 00:27:43,799
crisis is going to be lighter is going to be less important than or it's not going to be as deep as

315
00:27:43,799 --> 00:27:50,759
it is in is going to be in spain okay so why is going to be deeper this crisis in spain first

316
00:27:50,759 --> 00:27:55,220
because we are going to be in more wars than other countries we are going to fight against the

317
00:27:55,220 --> 00:28:00,500
netherlands remember the 80 year wars we are going to fight against the netherlands we are going to

318
00:28:00,500 --> 00:28:08,099
fighting the 30 year wars here in Germany and we are going to fight against France and also in

319
00:28:08,099 --> 00:28:14,259
America against the pirates so that's it Spain is going to be fighting against France against the

320
00:28:14,259 --> 00:28:20,319
Netherlands in Germany against the Protestants and also in America against the pirates so we are

321
00:28:20,319 --> 00:28:24,460
going to fight in more wars we are going to get involved in more wars than the other countries

322
00:28:24,460 --> 00:28:29,480
so that's why we are going to have a deeper agricultural and demographic crisis second

323
00:28:29,480 --> 00:28:35,980
Because we are going to spell the Moriscos remember these Moriscos were muslin people that they were converted into

324
00:28:37,099 --> 00:28:40,799
Catholicism, okay, but they are going to be a spell in 1609

325
00:28:41,279 --> 00:28:48,359
So it means most of these Moriscos are farmers if we spell the Moriscos we have less farmers

326
00:28:48,720 --> 00:28:51,880
So the agricultural production is going to decrease

327
00:28:52,579 --> 00:28:57,799
So that's why we are going to suffer also an agricultural and demographic crisis because we are losing people

328
00:28:57,799 --> 00:29:08,000
okay so the Moriscos are here mostly in in the crown of Aragon but also in part

329
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:13,480
of Castile and they are going to be expelled okay we are talking about three

330
00:29:13,480 --> 00:29:20,299
hundred thousand people a lot of people and most of them are farmers okay so

331
00:29:20,299 --> 00:29:27,740
these measure this religious measure to expel the Moriscos in 1609 is going to

332
00:29:27,740 --> 00:29:32,420
against the agricultural and demographic development of the country so it means

333
00:29:32,420 --> 00:29:38,779
Spain the Hispanic monarchy the Iberian Peninsula is going to suffer a deeper

334
00:29:38,779 --> 00:29:42,359
agricultural crisis and demographic crisis because of this because of the

335
00:29:42,359 --> 00:29:46,380
wars we are going to participate in more wars and second because we are going to

336
00:29:46,380 --> 00:29:51,519
spell 300,000 people a lot of people when we talk about these people in

337
00:29:51,519 --> 00:29:56,420
Aragón and Valencia is going to be the 20% of the population it's a lot of

338
00:29:56,420 --> 00:30:03,200
people okay they are expelling the 20% of the population and they are farmers

339
00:30:03,200 --> 00:30:06,440
so that is going to affect the agricultural production and the

340
00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:11,839
demographic data no the demography there is going to be a demographic crisis due

341
00:30:11,839 --> 00:30:17,599
to this expulsion the third one is because there are going to be many

342
00:30:17,599 --> 00:30:21,859
farmers that left the countryside the same as in Europe the farmers are going

343
00:30:21,859 --> 00:30:28,400
to go to the to the cities in order to pay less taxes so they go from the

344
00:30:28,400 --> 00:30:31,880
countryside to the city in order to pay less taxes what they are going to do

345
00:30:31,880 --> 00:30:36,619
they are going to live begging so it means they are going to work in the

346
00:30:36,619 --> 00:30:44,420
countryside working for a landlord the living conditions are really bad so that

347
00:30:44,420 --> 00:30:50,859
they prefer to be in the cities begging for money and surviving on the street

348
00:30:50,859 --> 00:30:57,279
rather than being here controlled by the landlord okay and being treated as

349
00:30:57,279 --> 00:31:06,299
slaves and paying more taxes than in the city so many farmers will lost people

350
00:31:06,299 --> 00:31:11,299
working in the countryside not only because of the Moriscos but also because

351
00:31:11,299 --> 00:31:17,900
of these farmers that they are going to go to the cities and we need to talk

352
00:31:17,900 --> 00:31:21,940
about this fourth cause that is going to be that the Spain is going to run out of

353
00:31:21,940 --> 00:31:28,019
resources from america what does it mean that the the production of silver the extraction of

354
00:31:28,019 --> 00:31:34,819
silver in america is going to decrease during the second half of the 16th century okay so the

355
00:31:34,819 --> 00:31:40,420
production of precious metal is going to decrease let's check this chart this is the production from

356
00:31:40,420 --> 00:31:49,619
a this is the second half of the 16th century and this is the first half of the of the 17th century

357
00:31:49,619 --> 00:31:56,259
if you check in this hundred years is the moment when there is going to be a highest production of

358
00:31:56,259 --> 00:32:02,980
precious metals but in the second half of the 17th century is going to decrease a lot sharply

359
00:32:03,619 --> 00:32:09,859
okay so it means in the second half of the 17th century we are going to see how the production

360
00:32:09,859 --> 00:32:17,220
of precious metals has decreased a lot okay so that's the real point the production of

361
00:32:17,220 --> 00:32:22,440
precious metals is going to decrease really fast and a lot, ok?

362
00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:25,819
In the second half of the 17th century.

363
00:32:25,819 --> 00:32:31,500
So that's why this other factor is going to contribute to the agricultural crisis and

364
00:32:31,500 --> 00:32:38,420
the demographic decline, because the trading routes with America also are going to be threatened

365
00:32:38,420 --> 00:32:39,480
with pirates.

366
00:32:39,480 --> 00:32:43,740
So it means the production is going to decrease and the routes are going to be threatened

367
00:32:43,740 --> 00:32:44,740
by pirates.

368
00:32:44,740 --> 00:32:51,880
do you know that these are the routes in order to pick up the the metals the

369
00:32:51,880 --> 00:32:58,799
silver from Mexico to go to La Habana and then to to Spain again to Europe

370
00:32:58,799 --> 00:33:04,279
here this is the fridge goes to Panama gets the the silver from Peru and then

371
00:33:04,279 --> 00:33:09,640
goes back to La Habana and to Europe perfect the problem is which are going

372
00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:15,880
to be the areas of most a pirate activity Florida of course La Habana of

373
00:33:15,880 --> 00:33:24,799
course and the regions where the where the fleet is going to move through okay

374
00:33:24,799 --> 00:33:31,420
so the idea is these regions where the fleets are transporting are moving with

375
00:33:31,420 --> 00:33:38,019
the silver and gold mostly silver so that's the idea okay so the attack of

376
00:33:38,019 --> 00:33:43,119
the pirates are going to decrease also these trading routes okay the production

377
00:33:43,119 --> 00:33:49,019
the the trading routes the the trading routes with America so these are the

378
00:33:49,019 --> 00:33:55,039
four main causes of this agricultural crisis and demographic decline we have

379
00:33:55,039 --> 00:33:58,579
three more we are going to see that in the next slide and we finish with that

380
00:33:58,579 --> 00:34:02,559
okay so the idea is we are going to be involved in more wars than other

381
00:34:02,559 --> 00:34:09,460
countries second we are going to lose farmers due to this expelling of the

382
00:34:09,460 --> 00:34:14,980
Moriscos and also these farmers going to the cities and finally that the trading

383
00:34:14,980 --> 00:34:19,300
routes with America are going to decrease as well as the production of

384
00:34:19,300 --> 00:34:24,059
precious metals so that's the idea the production of precious metal is going to

385
00:34:24,059 --> 00:34:29,679
decrease the trading routes are going to be affected by the pirates so the trade

386
00:34:29,679 --> 00:34:34,360
with America is going to decrease, so it's going to affect the economy.

387
00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:41,579
We have less farmers because of the expulsion of moriscos and the farmers leaving the countryside.

388
00:34:41,579 --> 00:34:44,480
And finally this worse.

389
00:34:44,480 --> 00:34:45,739
So three more.

390
00:34:45,739 --> 00:34:49,000
There was also a crisis in the craft industry.

391
00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:51,320
It means the manufactured products.

392
00:34:51,320 --> 00:34:59,179
Why we are going to have a crisis in the craft industry in Spain if in England and the Netherlands

393
00:34:59,179 --> 00:35:08,940
they are increasing their textile production, because in Spain to produce these products

394
00:35:08,940 --> 00:35:14,300
is going to be more expensive than in the Netherlands or in the UK.

395
00:35:14,300 --> 00:35:18,679
So that, what are they going to do the Spanish people, to buy these products in Spain that

396
00:35:18,679 --> 00:35:22,179
they are more expensive than in the UK or to the UK?

397
00:35:22,179 --> 00:35:23,900
Of course to the UK.

398
00:35:23,900 --> 00:35:28,280
So that there is going to be a crisis of the craft industry, why?

399
00:35:28,280 --> 00:35:32,420
they cannot produce the same they need to produce less ok they cannot produce

400
00:35:32,420 --> 00:35:37,280
the same ok they are going to produce less because the people do not want to

401
00:35:37,280 --> 00:35:42,559
buy these Spanish products because they are cheaper in other countries so that's

402
00:35:42,559 --> 00:35:48,739
why our manufactured products are not competitively price in comparison with

403
00:35:48,739 --> 00:35:55,260
other countries valen que quiere decir se produce mas barato el producto en

404
00:35:55,260 --> 00:36:03,179
reino unido y en y en los países bajos antes que en españa por tanto la gente compras no en españa

405
00:36:03,179 --> 00:36:09,760
sino fuera que ocurre con la industria española si nadie le compra que entra en crisis esa es la idea

406
00:36:09,760 --> 00:36:16,500
ahora me podéis preguntar por qué es más barato producir allí porque tienen maquinaria porque

407
00:36:16,500 --> 00:36:21,599
tienen se ha invertido dinero que en españa no se ha invertido es decir si yo quiero mejor la

408
00:36:21,599 --> 00:36:25,559
production edit more machines produce faster and produce cheaper with

409
00:36:25,559 --> 00:36:29,699
cheaper products that occur in Spain did not invest money in that did not

410
00:36:29,699 --> 00:36:33,539
invested remember in the 16th century with America did not invest money in

411
00:36:33,539 --> 00:36:37,320
manufacturing production therefore it was more expensive to produce in Spain than

412
00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:42,179
outside therefore I buy outside and not inside I buy outside of Spain not inside

413
00:36:42,179 --> 00:36:50,480
what I said trade with America is going to decrease ok and finally

414
00:36:50,480 --> 00:36:58,079
There are going to be other colonial empires establishing trade in post in the Americas in order to sell their produce there. So imagine

415
00:36:58,860 --> 00:37:00,900
Spain is controlling America

416
00:37:00,900 --> 00:37:08,679
But suddenly one two islands now are in hands of the British or in hands of the French and this French that they produce

417
00:37:08,960 --> 00:37:14,159
Cheaper the products are going to start selling it in America, even if it's illegal

418
00:37:14,659 --> 00:37:17,619
So what is going to happen to the colonial trade this?

419
00:37:17,619 --> 00:37:22,780
Spanish colonial trade with America that is going to decrease because there are

420
00:37:22,780 --> 00:37:28,900
going to be different islands that they are now going to be in hands of the

421
00:37:28,900 --> 00:37:36,820
British for example or the French and these people okay that they can produce

422
00:37:36,820 --> 00:37:41,800
in France and in the and in England these products cheaper are going to sell

423
00:37:41,800 --> 00:37:47,380
these products in America also cheaper than the Spanish so that the Spanish

424
00:37:47,380 --> 00:37:51,159
territories the Spanish people in America are not going to buy these

425
00:37:51,159 --> 00:37:55,719
products to the peninsula to the Iberian Peninsula to the Spanish in the

426
00:37:55,719 --> 00:38:04,300
peninsula they are going to buy them to who the British or the French okay or

427
00:38:04,300 --> 00:38:11,559
the Netherlands these are from the Netherlands okay so that's it these are

428
00:38:11,559 --> 00:38:17,280
the main reasons of this economic crisis, of this agricultural crisis and this demographic

429
00:38:17,280 --> 00:38:18,800
crisis, ok?

430
00:38:18,800 --> 00:38:25,940
So that we are going to have, we are going to be involved in more wars than other countries,

431
00:38:25,940 --> 00:38:29,480
that we are going to expel the moriscos and the farmers are going to leave the countryside

432
00:38:29,480 --> 00:38:36,000
so we have less farmers to produce, and they are going to decrease, these factors are going

433
00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:38,820
to decrease the agricultural production.

434
00:38:38,820 --> 00:38:42,760
That Spain is going to run out of resources from America because the production is going

435
00:38:42,760 --> 00:38:47,260
to decrease and also the trading routes are going to be attacked by pirates.

436
00:38:47,260 --> 00:38:55,139
And finally this, that our craft industry cannot compete with the British or the Netherlands

437
00:38:55,139 --> 00:39:04,139
ones, the Dutch ones, so it means the products are more expensive in Spain rather than in

438
00:39:04,139 --> 00:39:07,579
the UK or in Great Britain or in the Netherlands.

439
00:39:07,579 --> 00:39:12,019
So the people in Spain are going to buy these products to these other countries.

440
00:39:12,019 --> 00:39:17,980
That the trade with America is going to decrease due to piracy and also, because of this, new

441
00:39:17,980 --> 00:39:25,860
trading posts in the Americas by other colonial empires, the French, the British or the Dutch.

442
00:39:25,860 --> 00:39:30,179
That they are going to start selling their products in America, in the Spanish America,

443
00:39:30,179 --> 00:39:38,659
cheaper than the Spanish products coming from Spain, from the Iberian Peninsula.

444
00:39:38,659 --> 00:39:43,739
So that's why there is going to be a crisis in the 17th century, an agricultural and demographic

445
00:39:43,739 --> 00:39:48,980
crisis in the 17th century in Spain that is going to be deeper than in the rest of Europe.

446
00:39:48,980 --> 00:39:55,719
But remember, in Europe what we have is also an agricultural and demographic crisis.

447
00:39:55,719 --> 00:39:58,420
In the next video we will see the society.