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Hi! Today we are talking about ecosystem. An ecosystem consists of all the organisms living

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in one place plus the physical environment they live in and the interrelationships between them

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too. They may come in all shapes and sizes. They can be as big as an ocean or as small as a fish

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tank. So ecosystems are located in a physical environment which consists of all the non-living

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components in an ecosystem. It includes non-living things, such as water, air or rocks, and factors

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that affect living things, which can be light or temperature. There are two types of physical

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environments. First ones are terrestrial, which are the ones found on land and surrounded

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by air, such as forests or deserts, and the other ones are the aquatic ones, fresh water

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like rivers and salt water like oceans.

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Next thing are living things, which are all the animals, plants, fungi, algae and bacteria

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in an ecosystem.

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Every ecosystem has its fauna, which are all the animals in one ecosystem, and its flora,

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which are all the plants.

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They are grouped into species, like rabbits, horses, oak trees.

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Only members of the same species can reproduce successfully.

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All the organisms in one species form a population.

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All the populations in one ecosystem form a community.

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All the communities and living things on the earth make the biosphere.

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Now we are going deeper into terrestrial ecosystems which, as we said, are located on land and

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surrounded by air.

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First type are forests, which have many, many trees, which provide shelter and food for

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various animals, like foxes, rabbits, owls.

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Depending on their climate, there are two types, Atlantic, which are the ones with a

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humid climate and cold summers and mediterranean which are the ones with a dry climate and

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warm summers.

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Modern grasslands who are formed by herbaceous plants that grow in fertile soil usually used

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for pastures they grow in humid regions with really cold winters they are home for animals

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like ladybirds, butterflies or deer. Last ones are deserts and steppes, which are really dry regions

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with extreme temperatures, for cold and hot temperatures, and living things there are adapted

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to really severe conditions. Some of the animals there include hares, mice and lizards. Last but not

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list we've got aquatic ecosystems which depending on their salinity can be located in first water

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or salt water environments marine ecosystems are the ones with really high salinity their

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water is in constant movements due to the waves and currents there we've got three types

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sandy beaches which are the ones affected by tides and waves and home for seagulls for example

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Number two, rocky shores, which are the ones with shallow areas with sunlight.

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And last, the open sea, which are the ones in deep sea far from the coast, where sunlight

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reaches depths of 100 meters.

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Then we've got freshwater ecosystems, which are the ones with really low salinity.

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water may or may not be in constant movement and there are also two types, first ones are

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rivers which have cold water that is always moving really fast and second ones are lagoons

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which are the ones where water barely moves and vegetation provides shelter for all the animals

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there.