1 00:00:06,900 --> 00:00:09,900 Let's talk about ancient history in Spain. 2 00:00:09,900 --> 00:00:16,899 At the start of ancient history, the Celts and Iberians lived on the Iberian Peninsula, 3 00:00:16,899 --> 00:00:22,899 but then other civilizations came from about the 10th century BC. 4 00:00:22,899 --> 00:00:26,899 Remember, BC means before Christ. 5 00:00:26,899 --> 00:00:38,460 The Phoenicians came from Asia and established colonies in the southern coast. 6 00:00:38,460 --> 00:00:48,460 The Greeks came from Greece and established colonies in the northeastern coast. 7 00:00:48,460 --> 00:01:02,460 The Carthaginians came from North Africa. They established colonies in the eastern coast and on Balearic Islands. 8 00:01:02,460 --> 00:01:13,459 Those people came to the peninsula looking for metals and they also wanted to trade with the Celts and Iberians. 9 00:01:13,459 --> 00:01:20,459 Rome was another important civilization. It originated on the Italian Peninsula. 10 00:01:20,459 --> 00:01:27,459 In 218 BC the Romans began the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. 11 00:01:27,459 --> 00:01:34,459 So now I'm going to tell you some facts about the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. 12 00:01:34,459 --> 00:01:41,459 Hey, can you guess who this man is? 13 00:01:41,459 --> 00:01:46,459 Was this a Roman? A Carthaginian? 14 00:01:46,459 --> 00:01:52,459 Yeah, that's right. He was Hannibal. He was a Carthaginian general. 15 00:01:52,459 --> 00:01:57,459 Carthaginian people had colonies on the Iberian Peninsula. 16 00:01:57,459 --> 00:02:03,459 They wanted to have more power and take control of more territories. 17 00:02:03,459 --> 00:02:07,459 so they sent armies to expand their influence. 18 00:02:07,459 --> 00:02:12,460 In 290 BC, Hannibal attacked Segenton. 19 00:02:12,460 --> 00:02:14,460 There was a siege. 20 00:02:14,460 --> 00:02:21,460 A siege is a military operation in which the enemy surrounds the city 21 00:02:21,460 --> 00:02:26,460 and stops food and water entering in the city. 22 00:02:26,460 --> 00:02:31,460 Finally, Hannibal won and took the control of Segenton. 23 00:02:31,460 --> 00:02:37,460 Romans and Carthaginians were rivals. Do you know why? 24 00:02:37,460 --> 00:02:43,460 Of course I know why. They both wanted to control the Mediterranean Sea and other territories. 25 00:02:43,460 --> 00:02:48,460 What did Hannibal do after conquering Seventum? 26 00:02:48,460 --> 00:02:54,460 Well, he decided to attack Rome in Italy, but he didn't take ships. 27 00:02:54,460 --> 00:03:00,460 He decided to cross the Alps with a lot of men and elephants. 28 00:03:00,460 --> 00:03:02,080 Have you said elephants? 29 00:03:02,979 --> 00:03:09,639 Yes, he crossed the Alps with a lot of military men and also with 38 elephants. 30 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:11,919 Can you believe it? That's crazy. 31 00:03:23,650 --> 00:03:25,789 What do you think the Romans did next? 32 00:03:26,430 --> 00:03:28,370 They attacked the Carthaginians. 33 00:03:31,560 --> 00:03:35,960 Exactly. They decided to attack the Iberian Peninsula. 34 00:03:35,960 --> 00:03:42,960 And in 218 BC, they invaded it and attacked the Carthaginians. 35 00:03:43,680 --> 00:03:46,039 And who won the battles? The Romans? 36 00:03:47,259 --> 00:03:50,960 That's right. The Romans defeated the Carthaginians. 37 00:03:52,759 --> 00:03:57,319 And now they control the east and the south of the Iberian Peninsula. 38 00:03:57,960 --> 00:04:02,919 So, what happened to the rest of the territory where the Celtiberians live? 39 00:04:02,919 --> 00:04:12,680 The Celtiberians had to fight several wars against Rome for almost 200 years. 40 00:04:13,080 --> 00:04:14,900 That's a really long time. 41 00:04:14,900 --> 00:04:22,079 In the west part of the peninsula, there was a Celtiberian tribe called the Mesopotamians. 42 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:24,279 They had a leader. 43 00:04:24,959 --> 00:04:26,399 Do you know his name? 44 00:04:28,500 --> 00:04:31,879 I know that one. Their leader was Viriato. 45 00:04:31,879 --> 00:04:42,360 Good job, Verreato fought against the Romans. He won some victories, but finally he was killed. 46 00:04:42,879 --> 00:04:57,240 Another Celtiberian city was Numancia. They also had to fight the Romans, and they also had a leader called Scipio Emilienus. 47 00:04:57,620 --> 00:05:00,079 Do you know what happened in Numancia? 48 00:05:00,079 --> 00:05:06,079 Yes, there was a siege. Scipio won and took control of the city. 49 00:05:06,079 --> 00:05:22,779 That's right. The Roman conquest ended in 19 BC. This was when the Romans had all the control of the Iberian Peninsula and they called it Hispania.