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Hey you, hear me, yeah you, come see our clubhouse and our tree.

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We are kids on a mission to educate ourselves about the NASA vision.

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Come explore math and science, cause that's what makes our alliance.

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We are the WAPA club, we yearn to learn and want to see everything that we can be.

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So come join us on our journey, don't you touch that doll.

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And welcome to the NASA WAPA house.

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We're almost there.

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This is really weird, I don't like this.

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Where are you taking us?

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Yeah, what are you up to now?

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Come here, a little closer.

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I'm Bianca, do you like my tree house?

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I built it with my mom and dad.

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I hope my two best friends, Matthew and Jacob, will be surprised.

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Okay, you can take off your blindfolds.

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Whoa!

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How did you do this?

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Who built this?

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I did of course, with the help of my mom and dad.

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Yeah, how did a spider get in my clubhouse?

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Don't worry about it.

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Good afternoon, this is Kids Science News Network.

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This just in, the public health department in Fuseville is issuing a warning today.

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Some residents are reporting a really, really bad stink in the air.

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Reporter I Am Listening is on the scene with this live report.

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No one knows the source of the smell.

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With me right now is resident P.U.

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What did you notice?

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I just smelled this really foul odor and I don't know where it's coming from.

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But I really can't tell because I smell so beautiful.

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But yuck!

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Okay, thank you P.U.

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That's about all the information we have from here.

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Now back to you.

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The present questions include, what's causing all this stink?

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And how is this going to impact us?

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Please call us within the week, we need your help.

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If you solve this problem, we will feature you on our cover story.

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This is KSNN.

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I'm kind of worried about the stink.

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I hate bad smells.

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I know. Fuseville isn't too far away.

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I don't want to get sick from the smell.

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And I'm kind of worried about my grandmother.

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She has reading problems.

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I have an idea.

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What's that?

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We could help KSNN.

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Yeah!

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Yeah, we could help them solve the problem.

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And become stars!

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Maybe then we can put our picture on the news.

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Can you imagine being on the local news?

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There's more to this than becoming a star.

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We could actually solve the problem.

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Well, that too.

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Okay, where do we start?

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Let's figure out what the problem really is.

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Okay, what do we know so far?

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Well, we know that something really, really stinks.

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Hold on. Let's write this down.

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Okay.

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We know the Fuseville Public Health Department gave a warning.

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And some people in Fuseville smell something really bad.

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And no one knows where the smell is coming from.

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I know that we'll be famous if we figure this problem out.

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But we only have a week.

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Good point.

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So it comes down to what to smell.

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Okay.

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On the board we have three columns.

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At first of these we have what we know.

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And then we have what we need to know.

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And where to go to get the information.

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But we really need to know a lot more than we do now.

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Like what?

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Like what's in a smell.

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Are all smells bad for you?

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I know a skunk stinks, but smell can't kill you.

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Good point.

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And your shoes smell.

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But I guess we'll live.

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And my dog's breath is really bad.

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Okay, guys. Get serious about this.

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We need to know how a smell moves.

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Why?

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If we're going to solve the problem,

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we need to know how the smell got there in the first place.

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Let's experiment.

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Okay.

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If we're going to do experiments,

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we need to know how we can do experiments to help us solve the problem.

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Where is Puget Road from here?

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It's that way.

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I think we need a map of the area.

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I've got one at home.

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I'll bring it over tomorrow.

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Let's go over and talk to our neighbor, Dr. D.

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He's a retired science professor.

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He's in his yard.

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Hello out there.

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What are all of you up to?

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We're trying to find answers to some really big questions.

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Hey, that's why I didn't work.

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How do you find answers?

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I like to use three basic resources.

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Books, the Internet, and experts I can find to help.

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Gotcha, Dr. D.

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Thanks, Dr. D.

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Goodbye.

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Let's put a search under smell.

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S-M-E-L-L

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This is fun.

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Do you use the Internet for your homework?

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Let's see what it says on smell.

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Listen to this.

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We have the best sense of smell at the age of 10.

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Hey, that's us.

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Let's click here.

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Oh, that's the fun fact file.

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Snakes smell with their tongues.

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Their tongue detects danger.

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Sharks are called hounds of the sea

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because they can find just one spot of blood

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from over one mile away.

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We need to find out what's causing the stink.

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That's if we want to get on KSNM.

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I'll show them.

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We'll all be stars on KSNM.

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Let's just go check in with Dr. D.

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Hey, Dr. D.

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What you working on?

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Just one of my regular projects.

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Wow, that's neat.

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Can we take a ride on it?

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I think we're quite ready for that.

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Hi, Geronimo.

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Are you getting along with Bernie today?

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Yeah, right.

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Look, Geronimo wants to help.

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So, did you do a little investigating on the problem?

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What did you find out?

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A lot.

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We found out you develop your best sense of smell at age 10.

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Yes, we gathered a lot of information,

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but we're not sure where it's going yet.

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Dr. D., did you see the KSNM story on stink?

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Dr. D., what makes things stink?

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Hold on, guys.

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I don't have all the answers,

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but I might be able to get you started in the right direction.

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First of all, not everyone thinks the same things stink.

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Well, I agree.

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We all think a pig farm really stinks.

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I think you may want to use a scientific method to help figure this out.

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Science?

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Like what we study in school?

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Yes, scientific method is a step-by-step way to solve problems.

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Actually, we use it every day.

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Look at this chart.

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We usually start with a problem.

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Then we ask a lot of questions,

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gather a lot of information,

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and then form a hypothesis.

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We test that hypothesis by collecting data.

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If the data doesn't support the hypothesis, we try again.

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Oh, hi.

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Listen carefully, and you two learn all about the scientific method.

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Glitch in on something.

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If this group uses the scientific method,

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there's a good chance they'll figure out the problem.

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I'll check in with you later.

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My mom works at NASA,

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and she says the scientists there use the scientific method.

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Aren't scientists kind of weird?

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Yeah, like the weird ones you see on Saturday morning cartoons.

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Hey, watch it.

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My mom's a scientist, and let me tell you,

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she's not at all weird.

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Yes, you're right.

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Scientists come from families like yours.

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My mom doesn't walk the halls wearing a strange white coat.

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Scientists must be curious.

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That's right, Bernie.

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Do they ask a lot of questions?

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I would make a good scientist because I always want to know why.

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Like when you see something kind of weird,

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your first question is, hey, why is this going on?

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A big part of science is observing and questioning.

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You mean observing with your eyes?

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Let me show you an example of why it's very important to observe carefully.

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First I'll drop the basketball.

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Now the softball.

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Now watch carefully when I drop them both together.

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Whoa!

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Tell me, how high did this basketball bounce?

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I didn't notice.

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Neither did I.

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Flying softball was a real distraction, wasn't it?

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Let's try it once more.

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Whoa!

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It hardly even bounced.

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I guess it's easy to miss something even when you're trying to observe it.

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Scientists observe with all their senses.

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They also use tools like telescopes and microscopes

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to help them make observations.

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What kind of tools could we use to help us with this mouse?

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I hope they're not too expensive.

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I already spent this week's allowance.

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All good scientists write down their information.

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Make sure you keep good notes of what you find out.

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Good thing we made up that board.

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This is a must, even if you don't like to write.

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Look, we already started taking notes.

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You, mister, need to get a better notebook.

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I think you're ready to take the next steps into the world of stink.

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I'm ready.

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If you guys are planning on doing any experiments yourselves,

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you really need to visit with someone who's great at designing and doing some cool experiments.

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Her name is Monica Barnes.

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She works at NASA.

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And guess what?

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She's expecting you.

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I figured you'd want to use her as a resource person.

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See you later, Dr. D.

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Bye.

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Bye.

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Oh, I wish them good luck.

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Hi, Ms. Barnes.

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Hi.

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I'm Bianca, and this is Jacob and Matthew.

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Dr. D. told us we needed to learn more about the scientific method.

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It might help us solve the problem of stink invading the town of Fuseville.

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We were hoping you could help us.

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Wow, look at this place.

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Hey, this doesn't look like a lab.

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This looks like a plane.

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Are you a scientist?

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Well, not exactly.

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Let me ask you something.

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Have you ever heard of an engineer?

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An engineer?

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Isn't that someone that drives a train, designs, or invents something?

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That's correct on all accounts.

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I'm an electronics engineer, and we use math, science, and principles of electronics

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in order to help us with our flying laboratory.

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A flying laboratory?

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What do you mean by that?

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Come on, kids.

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Let me show you how it works.

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Our plane is more like a computer lab

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with lots of electronic equipment and aircraft systems.

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And here we even have a real cockpit, just like normal planes.

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I'd like to be a pilot one day.

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And I'm sure you will.

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But maybe you'll fly this plane.

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Cool.

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We have several experimental stations in our plane which are all tied together in a network.

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They work together to help us to collect data while we're flying and landing.

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The type of data we collect depends on the type of research we're conducting.

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Get it?

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Yes, but how do you use the scientific method on your job?

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Well, the first thing we do using the scientific method is to identify a problem, right?

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Right.

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Well, the second thing we do in using the scientific method

266
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is to collect data related to the problem by changing certain variables.

267
00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:56,000
What are variables?

268
00:11:56,000 --> 00:11:58,000
Well, variables are just changes.

269
00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:01,000
We change one or more things one at a time,

270
00:12:01,000 --> 00:12:04,000
and then we measure the results of that change.

271
00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:06,000
How are you going to do that?

272
00:12:06,000 --> 00:12:10,000
During the winter season, we are going to take the airplane to a very cold place,

273
00:12:10,000 --> 00:12:12,000
like up in Michigan near the Great Lakes,

274
00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:14,000
and land it on a very long runway.

275
00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:17,000
Then we'll test the plane by landing it on a runway

276
00:12:17,000 --> 00:12:22,000
to see how long it takes once the brakes are applied to stop the plane.

277
00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:26,000
This tells us how much friction that we have on the tires.

278
00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:30,000
It's just like taking your bicycle and trying to stop on ice or snow

279
00:12:30,000 --> 00:12:34,000
instead of on a dry, smooth road.

280
00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:38,000
So we'll test at least four variables in our experiment.

281
00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:45,000
A dry surface, wet surface, icy surface, and a snowy surface.

282
00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:49,000
Let me show you how we can look at some of our data.

283
00:12:49,000 --> 00:12:53,000
We can observe all of the different camera views at the video station.

284
00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:56,000
These computer-generated graphics displays

285
00:12:56,000 --> 00:13:00,000
help us see how the airplane is traveling down the runway.

286
00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:02,000
Wow, cool pictures!

287
00:13:02,000 --> 00:13:05,000
It can handle millions of bytes of data all at once.

288
00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:09,000
This represents the data collection part of the scientific method,

289
00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:14,000
and the results come out in a pattern of numbers that the researchers can use

290
00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:17,000
to tell how the tires reacted with the runway surface.

291
00:13:17,000 --> 00:13:20,000
Awesome! What do we do next?

292
00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:22,000
Next, we take the data that we collected,

293
00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:26,000
and we analyze it in order to help us solve our runway friction problem.

294
00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:30,000
We can use what we find from analyzing the data

295
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:32,000
to make better runways and landing gear

296
00:13:32,000 --> 00:13:36,000
to help our planes to land more safely during bad or inclement weather.

297
00:13:36,000 --> 00:13:42,000
This is the way that we help make our airplanes and airports safer for you and me.

298
00:13:42,000 --> 00:13:46,000
So this is how we use the scientific method

299
00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:51,000
on our Boeing 757 research laboratory out here at the NASA Langley Research Center.

300
00:13:51,000 --> 00:13:54,000
Now that we've shown you how to first identify a problem,

301
00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:58,000
next to collect the data by changing certain variables,

302
00:13:58,000 --> 00:14:02,000
maybe you can use this method in order to solve your problem with the stink.

303
00:14:02,000 --> 00:14:07,000
Yes, I think we should think about our variables for the investigation of stink.

304
00:14:07,000 --> 00:14:10,000
The stink and variables.

305
00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:14,000
It's getting late. We better go over what we already know.

306
00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:16,000
Huh?

307
00:14:16,000 --> 00:14:20,000
We need to find out what variables may be part of this problem.

308
00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:24,000
Look, we got an email. Dr. D wants us to go to the sanitation department.

309
00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:28,000
Ugh, isn't that where all that stuff goes?

310
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:30,000
Why would he want us to go there?

311
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,000
To torture us?

312
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:36,000
No, that's where he said the experts track a stink.

313
00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:40,000
Okay, this goes on the board under where to go.

314
00:14:40,000 --> 00:14:43,000
Let's go there and see what we can find.

315
00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:46,000
And then we'll call Dr. D and update him on our findings.

316
00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:50,000
I can't believe I'm wasting my time on this. We'll never solve this problem.

317
00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:53,000
Watch, we'll prove him wrong.

318
00:14:53,000 --> 00:14:56,000
So what's up? Will our treehouse detectives be able to solve this problem?

319
00:14:56,000 --> 00:14:58,000
Will they be able to clearly define the problem?

320
00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:00,000
And what help can you give?

321
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:02,000
Tune in next time for Search for the Stink.

322
00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:13,000
I'll sneak through the secret door. She won't even know I'm here.

323
00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:15,000
Bianca, where are you?

324
00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:16,000
Here I am.

325
00:15:16,000 --> 00:15:17,000
Where?

326
00:15:17,000 --> 00:15:19,000
Over here.

327
00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:20,000
Can I take a ride?

328
00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:22,000
Sure.

329
00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:25,000
Hey, I've got the map.

330
00:15:25,000 --> 00:15:29,000
Come on down. Let's get started on solving the stink problem.

331
00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:35,000
Look, there's where we are. Big City.

332
00:15:35,000 --> 00:15:37,000
Okay, where's Fuseville?

333
00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:39,000
Hey, here's X-ville.

334
00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:43,000
Look, there's Mid-City. That's pretty close to us.

335
00:15:43,000 --> 00:15:48,000
Oh, here's Fuseville. That's pretty far away.

336
00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:50,000
Maybe the smell won't reach us.

337
00:15:50,000 --> 00:15:52,000
What do we need to do to solve this problem?

338
00:15:52,000 --> 00:15:54,000
Let's go to the board.

339
00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:04,000
Yesterday, Monica Barnes and Dr. D showed us up about doing experiments.

340
00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:11,000
Yeah, and using that scientific method and learning more about variables and their importance in investigating a problem.

341
00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:13,000
So what now?

342
00:16:13,000 --> 00:16:18,000
I think before we move on any farther, we still need to learn more about the scientific method.

343
00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:21,000
Dr. D says it will definitely help us.

344
00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:24,000
The stink experts may be able to help us there.

345
00:16:24,000 --> 00:16:27,000
Come on, let's head over to the sanitation department now.

346
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:31,000
Okay. Come on, let's go. A bus should be here any minute.

347
00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:33,000
This should be an interesting smell journey.

348
00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:35,000
It's all part of being a scientist.

349
00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:37,000
So let's get up and go.

350
00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:42,000
Okay, we're here. But now where do we go?

351
00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:46,000
Wow, look how big this place is. It's pretty neat.

352
00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:50,000
Look, there's someone straight ahead. She must be the smell expert.

353
00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:53,000
We're meeting a scientist named Paula Hogg.

354
00:16:53,000 --> 00:16:58,000
Hi, guys. I've been expecting you. Dr. D said you would be on your way.

355
00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:02,000
Hi, I'm Bianca. This is Matthew and Jacob.

356
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:07,000
Hi, I'm Bianca. This is Matthew and Jacob.

357
00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:09,000
I'm Paula. How can I help you?

358
00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:12,000
We want to get our faces on KSNN.

359
00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:17,000
What he means is he wants to help KSNN find the source of the smell.

360
00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:21,000
Oh, well, I can show you where the source of the odor starts here.

361
00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:23,000
First, you're going to need some of these.

362
00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:25,000
Do you use a scientific method here?

363
00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:29,000
Yes, we do. The first step is to find and observe the problem.

364
00:17:30,000 --> 00:17:33,000
This is where the wastewater comes into the plant from our homes.

365
00:17:33,000 --> 00:17:38,000
The wastewater contains odorous substances like hydrogen sulfide and ammonia.

366
00:17:38,000 --> 00:17:42,000
Hydrogen sulfide is sometimes called the rotten egg gas.

367
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:45,000
Some of these substances are formed in the sewer

368
00:17:45,000 --> 00:17:49,000
when bacteria break down organic material in the wastewater.

369
00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:56,000
Man, this is definitely where the smell is coming from.

370
00:17:56,000 --> 00:18:00,000
Yes, and you're using your sense of smell to observe the problem.

371
00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:03,000
The next step is to collect data.

372
00:18:03,000 --> 00:18:05,000
Hey, neat. What is that?

373
00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:07,000
It's a hydrogen sulfide meter.

374
00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:08,000
What does it show us?

375
00:18:08,000 --> 00:18:13,000
With this, we can measure exactly how much hydrogen sulfide gas is in the air.

376
00:18:13,000 --> 00:18:15,000
And next, we need to come up with a hypothesis.

377
00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:17,000
Do you know what a hypothesis is?

378
00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:19,000
I do. It's a guess.

379
00:18:19,000 --> 00:18:21,000
Well, it's an educated guess.

380
00:18:21,000 --> 00:18:24,000
That's when we use our facts, observations, and data

381
00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:27,000
to come up with a possible answer to the problem.

382
00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:29,000
Is this where you get rid of the odor?

383
00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:31,000
Yes, it is.

384
00:18:31,000 --> 00:18:35,000
We know that the odor is mainly caused by the release of hydrogen sulfide gas,

385
00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:39,000
which can be controlled by chemical processes such as these.

386
00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:41,000
What's that?

387
00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:43,000
These are scrubbers.

388
00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:46,000
Look through the window and observe the odor removal process.

389
00:18:46,000 --> 00:18:50,000
These wet scrubbers change the gas and turn it into liquid,

390
00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:52,000
which removes the odor.

391
00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:57,000
And we use all of our data and observation to make sure this system works.

392
00:19:00,000 --> 00:19:03,000
How do you know if your hypothesis is working?

393
00:19:03,000 --> 00:19:07,000
We test our hypothesis every day at the treatment plant.

394
00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:09,000
We use our noses again?

395
00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:14,000
Yes, our sense of smell can tell us if the odor is being controlled.

396
00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:16,000
But we also use a meter.

397
00:19:16,000 --> 00:19:22,000
Plant operators check the sulfide levels going into and coming out of the scrubbing system

398
00:19:22,000 --> 00:19:24,000
at least a dozen times a day.

399
00:19:24,000 --> 00:19:28,000
Based on this, we can make adjustments to the odor control process.

400
00:19:29,000 --> 00:19:31,000
The smell is much better.

401
00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:33,000
Does this remove all the odor?

402
00:19:33,000 --> 00:19:37,000
Well, under the right conditions, almost all of the odor can be taken away.

403
00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:45,000
Wow! Look at this place!

404
00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:48,000
Something sure is happening here.

405
00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:53,000
It looks like my bubble bath that's after I've been playing all day.

406
00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:55,000
This is the aeration basin.

407
00:19:55,000 --> 00:19:57,000
Look closely.

408
00:19:57,000 --> 00:19:59,000
A lot of change is happening here.

409
00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:03,000
Bacteria are working to remove odor and other pollutants.

410
00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:08,000
After all this, I'm sure the water must be really clean.

411
00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:10,000
And the odor has to be gone.

412
00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:12,000
Well, that's the goal.

413
00:20:12,000 --> 00:20:17,000
But if there's still an odor, we can go back to the scientific method to solve our problem.

414
00:20:17,000 --> 00:20:19,000
The scientific method.

415
00:20:20,000 --> 00:20:23,000
But how do you know the odor is gone for good?

416
00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:29,000
Well, at the end of the treatment process, we test to make sure that the odor and other pollutants are gone.

417
00:20:29,000 --> 00:20:31,000
This place is really cool.

418
00:20:33,000 --> 00:20:35,000
Wow! It looks so clean.

419
00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:37,000
Wow!

420
00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:42,000
Well, have you learned enough about the scientific method to help you with your smell problem?

421
00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:46,000
Yes. I think we all should think about a hypothesis.

422
00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:49,000
Yes. A hypothesis and variables.

423
00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:52,000
Hi, Dr. D.

424
00:20:52,000 --> 00:20:55,000
Oh, it's the Investigating Smell Team. How are you doing?

425
00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:58,000
We visited the smell experts at the Wastewater Treatment Plant.

426
00:20:58,000 --> 00:21:06,000
Yeah, and a scientist named Paula Hogg showed us how she uses the scientific method on her job to track stink at the plant.

427
00:21:06,000 --> 00:21:09,000
So tell me, did you learn any more about science? Yes?

428
00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:15,000
We learned it's why scientists ask so many questions. It's because they're curious.

429
00:21:15,000 --> 00:21:20,000
Why don't you try one of these information sheets? I always use them to keep me straight when I'm researching problems.

430
00:21:20,000 --> 00:21:26,000
Hmm. Identifies a variety of potential sources of information.

431
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:28,000
What did I miss?

432
00:21:28,000 --> 00:21:31,000
Identifies inaccurate and misleading information.

433
00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:35,000
Selects information appropriate to the problem or question at hand.

434
00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:38,000
This looks like it'll be helpful. Thanks, Dr. D.

435
00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:44,000
Hey, it's an update from KSNN.

436
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:46,000
We have crews on the scene in Pewsville.

437
00:21:46,000 --> 00:21:51,000
On this Tuesday afternoon, the stink appears to be gone and no one has reported getting sick from it.

438
00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:56,000
We just received word that a group of young detectives are trying to solve this mystery.

439
00:21:56,000 --> 00:22:00,000
If you want to help them, check out our website. This is KSNN.

440
00:22:01,000 --> 00:22:04,000
Hey, Dr. D. must have called the news station.

441
00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:06,000
I think they're talking about us.

442
00:22:06,000 --> 00:22:08,000
This is really cool. Yeah.

443
00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:10,000
Think how many people will know about us.

444
00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:14,000
I'm glad the smell's gone and nobody got sick.

445
00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:17,000
But what if the smell comes back?

446
00:22:17,000 --> 00:22:21,000
Comes back? Oh, no. We have to get this figured out now.

447
00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:23,000
I agree. We need help.

448
00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:26,000
I have an idea. We can ask our friends at school to help us.

449
00:22:26,000 --> 00:22:31,000
Yeah, but we still need to take a guess as to what's causing it.

450
00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:35,000
I think that's called a hypothesis.

451
00:22:35,000 --> 00:22:40,000
No, you mean a hypothesis. Here, let me put it on the board.

452
00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:43,000
Whatever. And then we need to, you know...

453
00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:45,000
Hold on. Look at this.

454
00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:48,000
It's a map.

455
00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:50,000
No, the small print.

456
00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:52,000
Oh, why didn't I think of this?

457
00:22:52,000 --> 00:22:54,000
It says chemical plant.

458
00:22:54,000 --> 00:22:55,000
That's it.

459
00:22:55,000 --> 00:23:01,000
Oh, it's kind of near Fuseville. I get it now. It's all coming back to me.

460
00:23:01,000 --> 00:23:04,000
This is great. We're definitely going to be on KSNN now.

461
00:23:04,000 --> 00:23:05,000
Yeah.

462
00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:08,000
Chemical plant. This is definitely where the smell's coming from.

463
00:23:08,000 --> 00:23:10,000
I think we have a hypothesis.

464
00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:12,000
I hope we're right.

465
00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:17,000
But, yeah, because this all just seems a little too easy to me.

466
00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:20,000
Maybe we're just good at this detective game.

467
00:23:20,000 --> 00:23:23,000
Maybe. Never know.

468
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:28,000
Wow, look at all the email we've received.

469
00:23:28,000 --> 00:23:30,000
There must be a million of them.

470
00:23:30,000 --> 00:23:33,000
Or close to it. Hey, school starts pretty soon.

471
00:23:33,000 --> 00:23:37,000
Maybe we should download all of this and take it to school with us.

472
00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:39,000
And maybe we could get our friends to help us sort it out.

473
00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:40,000
Yeah.

474
00:23:40,000 --> 00:23:42,000
Got it. Let's go.

475
00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:44,000
Okay. Hey, I'll grab the map.

476
00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:45,000
Cool.

477
00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:49,000
Hello. We're on time, but we do need your help.

478
00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:52,000
Our help? Aren't you the famous investigative team?

479
00:23:52,000 --> 00:23:55,000
Okay, so you saw us on KSNN last night?

480
00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:57,000
How can we help?

481
00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:00,000
We have a ton of information to go through.

482
00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:05,000
A lot of residents have emailed us to let us know if they smell the bad stink.

483
00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:07,000
So what have you done so far?

484
00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:10,000
We started out by writing down what we knew about the problem.

485
00:24:10,000 --> 00:24:17,000
We asked a lot of questions, wrote down a bunch of new questions, and talked to a lot of experts.

486
00:24:17,000 --> 00:24:19,000
So here's what we know about the problem.

487
00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:22,000
The Fuseville Health Department gave a warning on Monday

488
00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:27,000
that a lot of people in the town were smelling a bad smell.

489
00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:30,000
But no one knows where the smell is coming from.

490
00:24:30,000 --> 00:24:33,000
We need to figure out what's causing the stink.

491
00:24:33,000 --> 00:24:37,000
We asked the residents to email us to report if they found anything.

492
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:41,000
So we were sort of hoping that you could help us to gather the comments.

493
00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:44,000
Wow, look at all that email. What do we do with it?

494
00:24:44,000 --> 00:24:48,000
How about if we start by separating them by the cities?

495
00:24:48,000 --> 00:24:52,000
Fuseville, Mid-City, Exville, and Big City.

496
00:24:52,000 --> 00:24:55,000
Yeah, and then we can separate them into two PALs.

497
00:24:55,000 --> 00:24:57,000
One for Monday and one for Tuesday.

498
00:24:57,000 --> 00:24:59,000
That will help us to chart it down.

499
00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:10,000
Phew, look, nobody smelled anything in Big City or Mid-City on either day.

500
00:25:10,000 --> 00:25:16,000
Hey, this is weird. Look at all the people in Exville who said they smelled the usual on both days.

501
00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:18,000
The usual?

502
00:25:18,000 --> 00:25:23,000
And a couple of people said they think it's a paper mill and they're not worried.

503
00:25:23,000 --> 00:25:28,000
Hey, look, here's a paper mill over here, and it's north of Exville.

504
00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:32,000
And look, the trash burning plant is over here too.

505
00:25:32,000 --> 00:25:39,000
But almost everyone in Fuseville said that they smelled something really bad on Monday, but not on Tuesday.

506
00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:42,000
So maybe it really is the paper mill.

507
00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:47,000
Well, it would have knocked them out in Exville if it was so bad in Fuseville on Monday.

508
00:25:47,000 --> 00:25:52,000
But Fuseville didn't smell anything on Tuesday when Exville still did.

509
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:55,000
Maybe something kept the smell from getting there on Tuesday.

510
00:25:55,000 --> 00:25:59,000
Maybe we should do an experiment on how smell moves.

511
00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:01,000
Experiment? Cool.

512
00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:05,000
Wait a minute. Nobody in Mid-City smelled it on either day.

513
00:26:05,000 --> 00:26:08,000
And look, it's right next to the chemical plant.

514
00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:10,000
Hmm, this is really strange.

515
00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:12,000
Could we be wrong?

516
00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:15,000
Maybe the chemical plant isn't causing all the stink.

517
00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:18,000
But yesterday we figured out that it was the chemical plant.

518
00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:22,000
I still think it is. That's our hypothesis, remember?

519
00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:24,000
But we might be wrong.

520
00:26:24,000 --> 00:26:26,000
We need an expert opinion.

521
00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:28,000
Let's go back and tell Dr. D after school.

522
00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:30,000
He might be able to tell us if we're right.

523
00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:32,000
Let's go.

524
00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:38,000
Hi, Dr. D.

525
00:26:38,000 --> 00:26:40,000
Hello again. What's wrong?

526
00:26:40,000 --> 00:26:42,000
You look like your cat just died.

527
00:26:42,000 --> 00:26:44,000
No, that didn't happen.

528
00:26:44,000 --> 00:26:45,000
Wishful thinking, Bernie.

529
00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:46,000
Bummer.

530
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:48,000
We thought we had the problem all figured out.

531
00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:52,000
We thought the stink was coming from the chemical plant.

532
00:26:52,000 --> 00:26:54,000
Look at this.

533
00:26:54,000 --> 00:26:57,000
But if the stink was coming from the chemical plant,

534
00:26:57,000 --> 00:27:00,000
the people in Mid-City wouldn't smell it.

535
00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:03,000
But if the stink was coming from the chemical plant,

536
00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:06,000
the people in Mid-City would definitely smell it.

537
00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:08,000
But they didn't.

538
00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:10,000
It might have been the paper mill.

539
00:27:10,000 --> 00:27:14,000
But why didn't the people in Exville smell it really strong on Monday?

540
00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:19,000
And then why didn't the people in Fuseville smell it on Tuesday?

541
00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:23,000
Either people are smelling it differently or something else is going on.

542
00:27:23,000 --> 00:27:27,000
I was thinking maybe we could do an experiment to see how smell travels.

543
00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:29,000
What would your variables be then?

544
00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:31,000
Variables?

545
00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:33,000
Remember what Monica Barnes said?

546
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:38,000
It's one specific thing that you, the experimenter, has control over.

547
00:27:38,000 --> 00:27:42,000
It can affect or change the results of your experiment.

548
00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:45,000
That's right. Let's use my wave machine as an example.

549
00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:48,000
When I wiggle this rod, it makes waves of medium height.

550
00:27:48,000 --> 00:27:52,000
The distance between waves we call the wavelength.

551
00:27:52,000 --> 00:27:55,000
How can we change the wavelength?

552
00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:59,000
I think if you wiggle the rods faster, it will make the wavelength shorter.

553
00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:02,000
No. The wavelength will be longer.

554
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:07,000
Frequency, or how fast I wiggle the rod, is a variable because it affects the wavelength.

555
00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:11,000
It's important to only change one variable at a time.

556
00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:14,000
Like not changing the weight at all.

557
00:28:14,000 --> 00:28:17,000
That's right. If we change the wave height, making it bigger or smaller,

558
00:28:17,000 --> 00:28:19,000
that might also affect the wavelength.

559
00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:21,000
Let's try it.

560
00:28:21,000 --> 00:28:25,000
Let's set a faster frequency at medium height and see what happens.

561
00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:29,000
Yes! I ruled! The wavelength was shorter.

562
00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:31,000
Did that help you remember?

563
00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:35,000
Kind of. I guess we need to think through about how a smell moves.

564
00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:38,000
Okay. Let's go back to the treehouse and get to work.

565
00:28:38,000 --> 00:28:39,000
Bye.

566
00:28:39,000 --> 00:28:40,000
Bye-bye.

567
00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:42,000
See you later, Dr. D.

568
00:28:45,000 --> 00:28:47,000
Hey, they're talking about us again.

569
00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:51,000
An update this Wednesday afternoon. The stink is back in the town of Pewsville.

570
00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:55,000
And now, some Exville residents are reporting a different smell.

571
00:28:55,000 --> 00:28:58,000
Hopefully, the treehouse detectives are still working on the case.

572
00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:02,000
It's still a problem. The stink didn't go away.

573
00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:05,000
Okay. We better look at this again.

574
00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:07,000
Oh, no. Not that again.

575
00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:12,000
So, what's up? Have the treehouse detectives found the source of the stink?

576
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:15,000
What do you think? Is their hypothesis right or wrong?

577
00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:18,000
You'll want to join us next time for We're Almost There.

578
00:29:25,000 --> 00:29:28,000
Hey, my neighbor is a special nose doctor.

579
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:34,000
Maybe knowing how people smell can tell us if the residents are smelling the stink differently.

580
00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:38,000
Come on. Let's dial him up. See if he can tell us anything.

581
00:29:39,000 --> 00:29:42,000
His name is Dr. George Jackner. Here he is.

582
00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:47,000
Oh, hello. Hi, Bianca.

583
00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:51,000
Hi. This is Jacob and Matthew.

584
00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:54,000
We're trying to solve a stink problem for KSNN.

585
00:29:54,000 --> 00:29:57,000
So, are you the treehouse detectives?

586
00:29:57,000 --> 00:30:01,000
That's us. We want to know why we smell certain things.

587
00:30:01,000 --> 00:30:03,000
Or how our noses work.

588
00:30:03,000 --> 00:30:08,000
With more information, we might be able to sniff at the problem.

589
00:30:08,000 --> 00:30:12,000
Everything that smells, or has an aroma,

590
00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:16,000
has microscopic molecules, or little particles,

591
00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:19,000
that come off and drift into the air.

592
00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:23,000
Once it gets into the air, it comes in contact with the nose.

593
00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:27,000
It goes inside the nose and then to a very special place

594
00:30:27,000 --> 00:30:31,000
that's set up just to help you understand what the smell is.

595
00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:35,000
But how does your brain recognize different smells?

596
00:30:35,000 --> 00:30:39,000
Depending upon the kind of molecules that come into the nose,

597
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:43,000
the brain will understand what is going on with the smell.

598
00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:49,000
Now, for example, pizza may have five little places in the nose

599
00:30:49,000 --> 00:30:51,000
for its identification.

600
00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:54,000
Whereas perfume may have six or seven.

601
00:30:54,000 --> 00:30:57,000
And each of those places is very different.

602
00:30:57,000 --> 00:30:59,000
Do all of us smell the same thing?

603
00:30:59,000 --> 00:31:03,000
Well, we do not know if everybody smells the same smells.

604
00:31:04,000 --> 00:31:09,000
What we do know is that people can identify things the same.

605
00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:13,000
Now, for example, two children walking into the kitchen

606
00:31:13,000 --> 00:31:16,000
may smell something cooking on the stove.

607
00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:18,000
And we'll know right away, for example,

608
00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:21,000
that their mother is making hot dogs.

609
00:31:21,000 --> 00:31:25,000
Now, what can change that is if one of the children came from the garage

610
00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:29,000
and had just been watching their daddy cleaning a paintbrush with turpentine.

611
00:31:29,000 --> 00:31:32,000
And all that turpentine smell was in the nose.

612
00:31:32,000 --> 00:31:34,000
What would change how that person smells?

613
00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:36,000
I have some questions.

614
00:31:36,000 --> 00:31:38,000
What about dogs or other animals?

615
00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:41,000
Do they have the same nose as we do for sniffing?

616
00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:44,000
The same nose!

617
00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:46,000
Well, that's a good question.

618
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:49,000
You've heard the saying, you've got a nose like a shark.

619
00:31:49,000 --> 00:31:51,000
Yes.

620
00:31:51,000 --> 00:31:56,000
I have a friend you may want to visit at the Virginia Marine Science Museum.

621
00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:59,000
To check out sharks, we'll make the time.

622
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:02,000
Good luck on your project. See you later.

623
00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:12,000
It's really too bad Bianca couldn't make it,

624
00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:14,000
but I'll be sure to take really good notes for her.

625
00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:16,000
Hey, look, this is a cool aquarium.

626
00:32:16,000 --> 00:32:18,000
Hey, guys, come on over here.

627
00:32:18,000 --> 00:32:20,000
My name's Beth Bershaw.

628
00:32:20,000 --> 00:32:22,000
I'm a curator here at the Virginia Marine Science Museum.

629
00:32:22,000 --> 00:32:24,000
Dr. Schechter told me you'd be coming.

630
00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:26,000
What's this?

631
00:32:26,000 --> 00:32:29,000
This is the seal habitat, but I bet you guys want to see the shark aquarium.

632
00:32:29,000 --> 00:32:32,000
Come on inside. Let's check it out.

633
00:32:32,000 --> 00:32:36,000
Maybe that big nose can help us work through this stink problem.

634
00:32:36,000 --> 00:32:38,000
We're learning a lot about smells.

635
00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:41,000
We visited Dr. Schechter, and he told us how our noses work.

636
00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:44,000
Maybe you and these sharks can help us learn more about smells.

637
00:32:44,000 --> 00:32:47,000
We know that some chemical compounds have smells to them,

638
00:32:47,000 --> 00:32:51,000
and our noses have special cells that can receive those smells.

639
00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:54,000
That's right. Those cells are called olfactory chemoreceptors,

640
00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:56,000
and sharks have them, too.

641
00:32:56,000 --> 00:32:59,000
Now, if you live out of the water like you and me,

642
00:32:59,000 --> 00:33:01,000
the air carries the smell to our noses.

643
00:33:01,000 --> 00:33:05,000
If you live in the water like the sharks, the water carries the smell.

644
00:33:05,000 --> 00:33:07,000
What?

645
00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:11,000
What this means is is that animals, like those sharks,

646
00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:14,000
have a sense of smell, even underwater.

647
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:18,000
Does this mean that sharks have a better sense of smell than we do?

648
00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:21,000
So they can smell hamburgers better than me.

649
00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:23,000
Well, not exactly.

650
00:33:23,000 --> 00:33:27,000
Their sense of smell is tuned to the smells that help them survive in the wild.

651
00:33:27,000 --> 00:33:31,000
They're top predators, and being able to smell their prey is very important.

652
00:33:31,000 --> 00:33:35,000
Did you know that the shark's brain is devoted mostly to its sense of smell?

653
00:33:35,000 --> 00:33:37,000
So when it comes to smelling,

654
00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:41,000
sharks really know how to get to the bottom of the stinky stuff.

655
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:43,000
Take a long look at this shark's nose.

656
00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:48,000
Did you know that it can sniff out one drop of blood in 25 gallons of water?

657
00:33:48,000 --> 00:33:51,000
I guess we better go back and piece this all together.

658
00:33:51,000 --> 00:33:52,000
See you later.

659
00:33:52,000 --> 00:33:53,000
Thanks a lot.

660
00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:55,000
Thanks for helping us.

661
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:57,000
That was so cool.

662
00:33:57,000 --> 00:33:59,000
Now we know that some of us smell more than others.

663
00:33:59,000 --> 00:34:02,000
But would a whole town use their noses differently?

664
00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:05,000
Hmm, that's a good question.

665
00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:09,000
I guess we still need to figure out how smell moves through the air.

666
00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:10,000
Let's sing.

667
00:34:10,000 --> 00:34:12,000
I have an idea.

668
00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:17,000
This may seem weird, but I wonder if all smells travel through the air at the same speed.

669
00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:18,000
Huh?

670
00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:19,000
Yes.

671
00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:24,000
I wonder if the source of the stink can move faster to one area than another.

672
00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:31,000
Hey, that may be related to why the towns are smelling the smell differently.

673
00:34:31,000 --> 00:34:33,000
Do you want to test in our treehouse?

674
00:34:33,000 --> 00:34:36,000
You mean do our own little smell experiment?

675
00:34:36,000 --> 00:34:38,000
Yeah, I have a bottle of air spray.

676
00:34:38,000 --> 00:34:40,000
See this?

677
00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:42,000
Hmm, let's stand in the middle of the room.

678
00:34:42,000 --> 00:34:44,000
Okay, stand there.

679
00:34:44,000 --> 00:34:46,000
I'm going to spray this.

680
00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:49,000
You guys count to see how long it gets to reach your nose.

681
00:34:49,000 --> 00:34:50,000
Okay.

682
00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:52,000
Now close your eyes.

683
00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:54,000
Okay, let's try it.

684
00:34:59,000 --> 00:35:02,000
It took me exactly three seconds.

685
00:35:02,000 --> 00:35:04,000
It took me three seconds, too.

686
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:06,000
What does it mean?

687
00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:09,000
It must mean that we have the same noses.

688
00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:11,000
Big ones, right?

689
00:35:11,000 --> 00:35:15,000
No, it means smell travels at the same rate of speed.

690
00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:18,000
So if it does, then why wouldn't everyone eventually smell it?

691
00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:21,000
Hmm, another good question.

692
00:35:21,000 --> 00:35:22,000
What do you think?

693
00:35:22,000 --> 00:35:26,000
I think next time we meet, we should do more experimenting.

694
00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:28,000
You mean more work.

695
00:35:28,000 --> 00:35:31,000
Yes, that's how we get the job done.

696
00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:33,000
Here we go again.

697
00:35:36,000 --> 00:35:40,000
Hi, Dr. D. It looks like you fixed things up around here.

698
00:35:40,000 --> 00:35:41,000
Hey, Dr. O.

699
00:35:41,000 --> 00:35:42,000
Hey, Barney.

700
00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:44,000
You look a lot happier than when I saw you last.

701
00:35:44,000 --> 00:35:46,000
Don't they, Geronimo and Bernie?

702
00:35:46,000 --> 00:35:47,000
We feel better now.

703
00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:50,000
We might be getting closer to finding the stink.

704
00:35:50,000 --> 00:35:51,000
Guess what?

705
00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:55,000
We have an idea on how stink travels to the different cities.

706
00:35:55,000 --> 00:35:58,000
We stood in a circle and sprayed something into the air.

707
00:35:58,000 --> 00:36:02,000
And it reached our noses in exactly the same amount of time.

708
00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:06,000
So maybe the cities are located at equal distance apart from the stink.

709
00:36:06,000 --> 00:36:08,000
What do you think of that, Dr. D?

710
00:36:08,000 --> 00:36:09,000
Pretty cool, huh?

711
00:36:09,000 --> 00:36:10,000
Whoa, whoa, guys.

712
00:36:10,000 --> 00:36:11,000
Hold on.

713
00:36:11,000 --> 00:36:13,000
You might be getting a little ahead of yourselves.

714
00:36:13,000 --> 00:36:16,000
First of all, have you been careful at how you've experimented?

715
00:36:16,000 --> 00:36:18,000
We think so.

716
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:20,000
You stand at equal distance apart.

717
00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:23,000
Is there anything else in the clubhouse that smells?

718
00:36:23,000 --> 00:36:25,000
Well...

719
00:36:25,000 --> 00:36:30,000
The big question is, have you been careful to keep everything the same?

720
00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:32,000
What are you talking about?

721
00:36:32,000 --> 00:36:34,000
Think about your experiment carefully.

722
00:36:34,000 --> 00:36:40,000
Remember, you must plan it and not simply jump into it feet first.

723
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:42,000
You've only tested this on the three of you.

724
00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:44,000
This is not a true sampling.

725
00:36:44,000 --> 00:36:46,000
You need to test it on a larger group.

726
00:36:46,000 --> 00:36:48,000
Everyone's sense of smell is different.

727
00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:53,000
We know Bernie has the best nose in town, but what about you, Geronimo?

728
00:36:53,000 --> 00:36:55,000
You're right. Bernie's got a great sniffer.

729
00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:57,000
And getting back to your experiment,

730
00:36:57,000 --> 00:37:01,000
more people will give you a truer picture of what you're looking at in your experiment.

731
00:37:01,000 --> 00:37:04,000
Well, we could test this on our friends at school.

732
00:37:04,000 --> 00:37:07,000
We have a lot of different sets of noses in our class.

733
00:37:07,000 --> 00:37:09,000
Let's go to school. This will be great.

734
00:37:09,000 --> 00:37:11,000
Thanks, Dr. D.

735
00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:24,000
This is great. We have enough kids to pull this off.

736
00:37:24,000 --> 00:37:27,000
We need to divide the class into groups of two.

737
00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:31,000
Excuse me, excuse me. I have an idea.

738
00:37:31,000 --> 00:37:33,000
One group could actually do the experiment,

739
00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:36,000
and the other group could time and record the data.

740
00:37:36,000 --> 00:37:38,000
Here are your stopwatches.

741
00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:40,000
Okay, let's get to it.

742
00:37:40,000 --> 00:37:42,000
You all need to stand in a circle.

743
00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:46,000
Everyone two meters from me and one meter from each other.

744
00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:49,000
Here's a meter stick. I'll be the measuring man.

745
00:37:49,000 --> 00:37:52,000
All you sniffers need to pair up with somebody with a stopwatch.

746
00:37:52,000 --> 00:37:54,000
And recorders, stand by.

747
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:56,000
That looks good. Does it look good, Mrs. Mozaitis?

748
00:37:56,000 --> 00:37:58,000
It looks very good.

749
00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:01,000
I'll stand in the middle, and I'll spray the spray.

750
00:38:01,000 --> 00:38:05,000
When you smell it, raise your hand, and your partner will push the stopwatch.

751
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:07,000
Okay, let's go start the experiment.

752
00:38:08,000 --> 00:38:10,000
Let's go.

753
00:38:24,000 --> 00:38:27,000
Okay, recorders, what were your results?

754
00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:29,000
I got 7.

755
00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:30,000
14.

756
00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:32,000
I have 15.

757
00:38:32,000 --> 00:38:34,000
This is really strange.

758
00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:37,000
Really strange. I thought the results would be the same.

759
00:38:37,000 --> 00:38:39,000
I can't believe these numbers are different.

760
00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:41,000
They're all different.

761
00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:43,000
I guess science isn't all that predictable.

762
00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:48,000
I expect it to be like our other experiment, where all the numbers were the same.

763
00:38:48,000 --> 00:38:50,000
What do we do now?

764
00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:53,000
I guess we go back and tell Dr. D.

765
00:38:53,000 --> 00:38:55,000
Bye, everyone. Thanks for all your help.

766
00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:57,000
Bye.

767
00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:00,000
Hello, Dr. D.

768
00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:01,000
Where is he?

769
00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:03,000
Hello, Dr. D., where are you?

770
00:39:03,000 --> 00:39:06,000
Hold on, hold on. I'm right here. What's wrong?

771
00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:08,000
You sound a little anxious and look a little windblown.

772
00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:11,000
Well, we thought we knew the answer.

773
00:39:11,000 --> 00:39:15,000
Our experiment at the treehouse showed that smell moved at the same rate of speed.

774
00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:18,000
But at school, it sure was different.

775
00:39:18,000 --> 00:39:21,000
Let's talk about the test conditions. Were they all the same?

776
00:39:21,000 --> 00:39:25,000
Well, the windows were shut, and the fans and A.C. were both off.

777
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:27,000
I was the measure man.

778
00:39:27,000 --> 00:39:31,000
I know all our friends were standing equal distance from each other.

779
00:39:31,000 --> 00:39:33,000
I have an idea.

780
00:39:33,000 --> 00:39:35,000
Did you watch everyone and how they smelled the air spray?

781
00:39:35,000 --> 00:39:39,000
Did they breathe normally or take a big sniff like this?

782
00:39:39,000 --> 00:39:41,000
I know George had a cold.

783
00:39:41,000 --> 00:39:43,000
You can't always control the situation.

784
00:39:43,000 --> 00:39:47,000
There might be variations in sensitivity or how your friends smelled the air spray.

785
00:39:47,000 --> 00:39:51,000
Look at the data you collected. We may want to ignore the 45 and the 20.

786
00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:55,000
Because as you can see, they're pretty far away from the other numbers in the group.

787
00:39:55,000 --> 00:39:57,000
These numbers could be mistakes in measuring

788
00:39:57,000 --> 00:40:01,000
and might be misleading when you're trying to make sense of your data.

789
00:40:01,000 --> 00:40:04,000
If we look at the rest of the numbers, they are very close.

790
00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:07,000
But not the same because of variations like George's cold.

791
00:40:07,000 --> 00:40:10,000
So, basically, we were right.

792
00:40:10,000 --> 00:40:15,000
Smell does travel at the same rate of speed, but different things influence it.

793
00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:19,000
Do certain things make smells move faster or slower?

794
00:40:19,000 --> 00:40:21,000
I think you need to do some more investigating.

795
00:40:21,000 --> 00:40:22,000
We know!

796
00:40:22,000 --> 00:40:25,000
And more investigating.

797
00:40:25,000 --> 00:40:28,000
We're never going to get on KSNN.

798
00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:31,000
Hmm, what's that noise?

799
00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:34,000
No, it's just the wind blowing. It's nasty outside.

800
00:40:34,000 --> 00:40:38,000
Hmm, I wonder, could this be one of our variables?

801
00:40:38,000 --> 00:40:42,000
It could be. I think you three need to do some more experimenting.

802
00:40:42,000 --> 00:40:45,000
I have a gut feeling this could be the answer.

803
00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:47,000
You may be right.

804
00:40:47,000 --> 00:40:48,000
You have a lot of guts.

805
00:40:48,000 --> 00:40:49,000
I do not.

806
00:40:49,000 --> 00:40:50,000
Too so!

807
00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:51,000
Whatever!

808
00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:56,000
Good afternoon this Thursday. We have an update on the stink.

809
00:40:56,000 --> 00:41:00,000
Now some residents in Big City are reporting they're smelling something really bad.

810
00:41:00,000 --> 00:41:03,000
It appears this mysterious smell is moving in a different direction.

811
00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:05,000
This wind's not helping the situation.

812
00:41:05,000 --> 00:41:07,000
Today it's blowing from the west.

813
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:09,000
That's towards us.

814
00:41:09,000 --> 00:41:11,000
I told you I smelled something.

815
00:41:11,000 --> 00:41:13,000
It smells like old socks.

816
00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:16,000
I still think it's the wind moving things around.

817
00:41:16,000 --> 00:41:17,000
That's brilliant.

818
00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:19,000
You'll see what I mean.

819
00:41:19,000 --> 00:41:21,000
Let's go to our board.

820
00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:26,000
I do like using this.

821
00:41:26,000 --> 00:41:29,000
It helps us chart out our plan to attack the stink.

822
00:41:29,000 --> 00:41:34,000
We know something is driving the smell and it's coming our way.

823
00:41:34,000 --> 00:41:36,000
We know it's really windy.

824
00:41:36,000 --> 00:41:40,000
We need to find out, does wind move smell?

825
00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:41,000
So where do we go?

826
00:41:41,000 --> 00:41:44,000
Definitely to our school to do experiments.

827
00:41:44,000 --> 00:41:46,000
Maybe to see those weather people.

828
00:41:46,000 --> 00:41:48,000
They know all about wind and wind direction.

829
00:41:48,000 --> 00:41:52,000
Our mom could hook us up with some scientists at NASA

830
00:41:52,000 --> 00:41:57,000
because they definitely know why things move through the air.

831
00:41:57,000 --> 00:41:59,000
Let's go try our experiment at school.

832
00:41:59,000 --> 00:42:00,000
Hey, look.

833
00:42:00,000 --> 00:42:04,000
It's a clown face now instead of a spider.

834
00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:05,000
Weird.

835
00:42:05,000 --> 00:42:07,000
Maybe we can catch up with everyone.

836
00:42:07,000 --> 00:42:08,000
Let's go.

837
00:42:10,000 --> 00:42:13,000
I wonder what would give the same feeling as wind.

838
00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:14,000
You have a lot of height.

839
00:42:14,000 --> 00:42:17,000
Why don't you just sit there and blow at the spray?

840
00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:18,000
Yeah, right.

841
00:42:18,000 --> 00:42:20,000
Hey, maybe a fan.

842
00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:21,000
That might work.

843
00:42:21,000 --> 00:42:22,000
Yeah.

844
00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:25,000
Okay, this time we'll send people to the front of the fan,

845
00:42:25,000 --> 00:42:28,000
some to the back of it, and some to the side.

846
00:42:28,000 --> 00:42:29,000
Okay.

847
00:42:29,000 --> 00:42:31,000
Everyone close your eyes.

848
00:42:31,000 --> 00:42:35,000
When I release the secret smell, raise your hand when you smell it.

849
00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:39,000
I'll turn on the fan and I'll get the stopwatches.

850
00:42:39,000 --> 00:42:41,000
I'll be the measuring man too.

851
00:42:41,000 --> 00:42:44,000
I'll make sure everyone is 2 meters apart.

852
00:42:44,000 --> 00:42:46,000
Okay, let's count her down.

853
00:42:46,000 --> 00:42:50,000
In 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.

854
00:42:56,000 --> 00:42:59,000
Wow, look at those hands go up.

855
00:43:01,000 --> 00:43:06,000
I wonder why those standing in the back and to the side of the fan aren't raising their hands.

856
00:43:08,000 --> 00:43:09,000
Oh, there they go.

857
00:43:09,000 --> 00:43:10,000
Look at them now.

858
00:43:12,000 --> 00:43:16,000
Let's do this experiment again to see if we get the same results.

859
00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:19,000
Do you notice a pattern?

860
00:43:19,000 --> 00:43:21,000
I think I do notice something.

861
00:43:21,000 --> 00:43:26,000
Everyone standing in front of the fan smells the spray really, really fast.

862
00:43:26,000 --> 00:43:30,000
But look how long it took those standing in the back and to the side of the fan.

863
00:43:30,000 --> 00:43:32,000
Almost twice as long.

864
00:43:32,000 --> 00:43:34,000
This looks like a pattern.

865
00:43:34,000 --> 00:43:37,000
I bet you the wind is pushing the stink towards us.

866
00:43:37,000 --> 00:43:41,000
In fact, I can still smell it outside of the fan.

867
00:43:41,000 --> 00:43:44,000
I bet you the wind is pushing the stink towards us.

868
00:43:44,000 --> 00:43:47,000
In fact, I can still smell it outside.

869
00:43:47,000 --> 00:43:48,000
We might be onto something.

870
00:43:48,000 --> 00:43:53,000
Let's do the experiment one more time and examine the data carefully.

871
00:43:53,000 --> 00:43:56,000
Okay, here we go again.

872
00:43:56,000 --> 00:43:59,000
The job of being a scientist is a lot of hard work.

873
00:43:59,000 --> 00:44:01,000
What do you think?

874
00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:03,000
Do you know what's throwing up the stink?

875
00:44:03,000 --> 00:44:05,000
Can you figure it out before we do?

876
00:44:05,000 --> 00:44:07,000
I sure hope so.

877
00:44:07,000 --> 00:44:08,000
See you later.

878
00:44:08,000 --> 00:44:09,000
So what's up?

879
00:44:09,000 --> 00:44:13,000
Will the treehouse detectives solve the problem before the stink takes over their town?

880
00:44:13,000 --> 00:44:16,000
Could wind be the variable that leads them to the source?

881
00:44:16,000 --> 00:44:19,000
Will the fan experiment be the key in unlocking the hidden stink?

882
00:44:19,000 --> 00:44:22,000
You'll want to join us next time for This is It,

883
00:44:22,000 --> 00:44:25,000
the conclusion of the Y-Files you won't want to miss.

884
00:44:31,000 --> 00:44:33,000
This is a KSNN weather update.

885
00:44:33,000 --> 00:44:36,000
After the strong westerly winds we had yesterday,

886
00:44:36,000 --> 00:44:39,000
it appears that the wind has shifted back from the north today.

887
00:44:39,000 --> 00:44:42,000
Looking ahead to the weekend, expect sunny skies.

888
00:44:42,000 --> 00:44:45,000
This weather guy has all the information we need.

889
00:44:45,000 --> 00:44:46,000
Let's go talk to him.

890
00:44:46,000 --> 00:44:48,000
KSNN is just around the corner.

891
00:44:48,000 --> 00:44:50,000
Let's get up and go.

892
00:44:59,000 --> 00:45:01,000
Hi, aren't you the guy we saw on TV?

893
00:45:01,000 --> 00:45:03,000
That's me. I'm Craig Moeller.

894
00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:05,000
I'm one of the meteorologists here at Channel 13.

895
00:45:05,000 --> 00:45:07,000
Yeah, we see you on TV all the time.

896
00:45:07,000 --> 00:45:09,000
You're always telling us about the weather.

897
00:45:09,000 --> 00:45:10,000
You tell us when it's going to rain.

898
00:45:10,000 --> 00:45:13,000
Being on TV is just a small part of my job.

899
00:45:13,000 --> 00:45:15,000
A big part is looking at weather maps like these.

900
00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:19,000
They tell me about the temperature, the air pressure, and the wind direction.

901
00:45:19,000 --> 00:45:22,000
Wind direction? That's what we're here to talk about.

902
00:45:22,000 --> 00:45:25,000
You see, we want to be on TV like you.

903
00:45:25,000 --> 00:45:28,000
We're trying to find the source of the stink that KSNN reported.

904
00:45:28,000 --> 00:45:31,000
I heard about that. Maybe I can help you. Come on.

905
00:45:32,000 --> 00:45:34,000
Mr. Moeller, what generates wind?

906
00:45:34,000 --> 00:45:37,000
We get wind when there are differences in the air pressure.

907
00:45:37,000 --> 00:45:40,000
Remember, wind blows from high pressure to low pressure.

908
00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:43,000
Have you ever gone to the beach and maybe blown up a beach ball?

909
00:45:43,000 --> 00:45:44,000
Yeah.

910
00:45:44,000 --> 00:45:47,000
Okay, what happens when you blow it up and you don't put the cap back on the ball?

911
00:45:47,000 --> 00:45:49,000
All the air blows out.

912
00:45:49,000 --> 00:45:54,000
All the air blows out because the pressure inside the ball is greater than the pressure outside.

913
00:45:54,000 --> 00:45:57,000
And when the air moves from inside the ball to out, that's basically wind.

914
00:45:57,000 --> 00:46:00,000
I have a question. Does wind ever change direction?

915
00:46:00,000 --> 00:46:02,000
It sure does.

916
00:46:02,000 --> 00:46:04,000
As a matter of fact, I want to show you something right over here.

917
00:46:04,000 --> 00:46:09,000
This is a weather station, and one of the instruments you see right on top there, that's called an anemometer.

918
00:46:09,000 --> 00:46:14,000
That's used to measure the strength of the wind, and this up here, this is called a wind vane.

919
00:46:14,000 --> 00:46:18,000
This measures the direction, and as you can see, it's prepared to change with the wind.

920
00:46:18,000 --> 00:46:21,000
Let me show you something over on this computer. This is pretty cool.

921
00:46:21,000 --> 00:46:24,000
This is a weather map. We've got areas of low pressure and high pressure.

922
00:46:24,000 --> 00:46:28,000
As you look at this map, you'll see the winds around high pressure travel clockwise,

923
00:46:28,000 --> 00:46:31,000
and around low pressure travel counterclockwise.

924
00:46:31,000 --> 00:46:34,000
So as we look at that, which way is the wind blowing?

925
00:46:34,000 --> 00:46:35,000
South.

926
00:46:35,000 --> 00:46:36,000
From the south, exactly.

927
00:46:36,000 --> 00:46:40,000
Now take a look at tomorrow. With all of these features moving over to the east a little bit,

928
00:46:40,000 --> 00:46:44,000
we have the high pressure just to the west, low pressure just to our east.

929
00:46:44,000 --> 00:46:48,000
Again, counterclockwise around the low, clockwise around the high.

930
00:46:48,000 --> 00:46:49,000
Which way is the wind blowing?

931
00:46:49,000 --> 00:46:50,000
North.

932
00:46:50,000 --> 00:46:51,000
From the north.

933
00:46:51,000 --> 00:46:54,000
So as you guys can see, the wind does change direction.

934
00:46:54,000 --> 00:46:57,000
Mr. Mahler, can wind move smell?

935
00:46:57,000 --> 00:46:59,000
It sure can. Wind can move a lot of things.

936
00:46:59,000 --> 00:47:04,000
It can move the smells, it can move water droplets, it can move volcanic ash.

937
00:47:04,000 --> 00:47:07,000
As a matter of fact, when a tornado spins, it can pick up debris,

938
00:47:07,000 --> 00:47:10,000
and the wind can move it for hundreds of miles.

939
00:47:10,000 --> 00:47:13,000
Wow. I didn't know weather was this complicated.

940
00:47:13,000 --> 00:47:16,000
Here, I'll give you the wind direction for each day this week. That might help you.

941
00:47:16,000 --> 00:47:22,000
Cool. Let's take these back to Dr. D's lab, and we can find the wind direction and track the smell.

942
00:47:22,000 --> 00:47:23,000
We'll have to study them.

943
00:47:23,000 --> 00:47:28,000
Aw, man. That sounds like more work, and I thought we were almost there.

944
00:47:28,000 --> 00:47:31,000
Thanks a lot. This is a really neat place. Maybe we can come back sometime.

945
00:47:31,000 --> 00:47:33,000
Anytime. I'll see you guys later.

946
00:47:33,000 --> 00:47:35,000
Watch for us on KSNN.

947
00:47:35,000 --> 00:47:36,000
I'll be tuning in.

948
00:47:36,000 --> 00:47:37,000
Bye.

949
00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:38,000
See you later.

950
00:47:38,000 --> 00:47:39,000
See ya.

951
00:47:39,000 --> 00:47:42,000
Hi, Dr. D.

952
00:47:42,000 --> 00:47:44,000
Hi. What do you have in your hands?

953
00:47:44,000 --> 00:47:48,000
The official weather map from Craig Mahler.

954
00:47:48,000 --> 00:47:49,000
The weatherman?

955
00:47:49,000 --> 00:47:52,000
Yes, the meteorologist. Bernie Andron will recognize the name.

956
00:47:53,000 --> 00:47:56,000
We know now the whole smell of a stink each day.

957
00:47:56,000 --> 00:48:01,000
And maybe now, with the wind direction, we might be able to figure out the source.

958
00:48:01,000 --> 00:48:06,000
I'm so confused. How in the world do we make sense of this?

959
00:48:06,000 --> 00:48:11,000
I'd suggest you put all your information in a chart form, or what we call a matrix.

960
00:48:11,000 --> 00:48:13,000
It may help you organize all this information.

961
00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:16,000
I've already made a matrix.

962
00:48:16,000 --> 00:48:21,000
It has the days of the week across the top, and the four cities down the side.

963
00:48:21,000 --> 00:48:26,000
Your job is to mark when each city smelled the stink each day.

964
00:48:26,000 --> 00:48:31,000
Later, you can compare the wind direction on each day to your chart,

965
00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:34,000
to the map you've already made, to see what it might mean.

966
00:48:34,000 --> 00:48:37,000
Oh, cool. I think this will really help us.

967
00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:39,000
Let's go back to the treehouse and try it out.

968
00:48:39,000 --> 00:48:40,000
Thanks, Dr. D.

969
00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:43,000
Bye.

970
00:48:43,000 --> 00:48:47,000
I'll let you in on a secret. I think they may be on to something.

971
00:48:48,000 --> 00:48:51,000
Let's not waste any time. Let's get down to business.

972
00:48:51,000 --> 00:48:53,000
Set up that, um, the matrix.

973
00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:54,000
Yeah, whatever.

974
00:48:54,000 --> 00:48:57,000
Okay, who smelled the stink on Monday?

975
00:48:57,000 --> 00:48:59,000
Looking at our email, only Fuseville.

976
00:48:59,000 --> 00:49:01,000
Okay. And on Tuesday?

977
00:49:01,000 --> 00:49:02,000
No one.

978
00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:04,000
What about Wednesday?

979
00:49:04,000 --> 00:49:08,000
On Wednesday, Expo smelled it a little bit, but Fuseville got hit hard.

980
00:49:08,000 --> 00:49:14,000
And on Thursday, all the cities smelt it, but all of us in Big City really got hit.

981
00:49:14,000 --> 00:49:18,000
Yeah, man. We were plugging our noses big time yesterday.

982
00:49:18,000 --> 00:49:22,000
And today, Expo smelled it a little bit, but Fuseville got hit again.

983
00:49:22,000 --> 00:49:24,000
So, what does this all mean?

984
00:49:24,000 --> 00:49:29,000
I think we should go to the map and see how the wind direction relates to our information.

985
00:49:29,000 --> 00:49:30,000
Let's go.

986
00:49:30,000 --> 00:49:35,000
Okay.

987
00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:38,000
Okay. Monday, the wind was coming from the north.

988
00:49:38,000 --> 00:49:41,000
And Fuseville really smelled the stink.

989
00:49:41,000 --> 00:49:43,000
So the source could be coming from somewhere up here.

990
00:49:43,000 --> 00:49:46,000
So, like, maybe the trash burning place or the paper mill?

991
00:49:46,000 --> 00:49:51,000
Maybe, but on Tuesday, the wind was still coming from the north, and nobody smelled it.

992
00:49:51,000 --> 00:49:52,000
Hmm.

993
00:49:52,000 --> 00:49:59,000
And Wednesday, the wind again was coming from the north, and Fuseville got hit really bad, and Expo just a little bit.

994
00:49:59,000 --> 00:50:06,000
So then the source would be across from us, and on the map, that's the trash burning plant.

995
00:50:06,000 --> 00:50:10,000
On Thursday, everybody smelled the stink, and the wind changed direction.

996
00:50:10,000 --> 00:50:12,000
It came from over there, the west.

997
00:50:12,000 --> 00:50:14,000
But that was worse for us.

998
00:50:14,000 --> 00:50:19,000
Remember that experiment we did in class when everyone in front of the fan got blasted?

999
00:50:19,000 --> 00:50:21,000
Well, maybe this is like that.

1000
00:50:21,000 --> 00:50:24,000
Maybe Big City is right in the path of the stink.

1001
00:50:24,000 --> 00:50:25,000
Let's look at the map.

1002
00:50:25,000 --> 00:50:30,000
The source has to be where these two cross, right around Expo.

1003
00:50:30,000 --> 00:50:32,000
Well, my hypothesis is a trash burning place.

1004
00:50:32,000 --> 00:50:34,000
It has to be the source.

1005
00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:36,000
But it's so far away from Big City.

1006
00:50:36,000 --> 00:50:41,000
Can the wind move a smell that far?

1007
00:50:41,000 --> 00:50:42,000
Uh-huh.

1008
00:50:42,000 --> 00:50:43,000
Uh-huh.

1009
00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:45,000
Thanks, Dr. D. I really appreciate it.

1010
00:50:45,000 --> 00:50:46,000
Bye.

1011
00:50:46,000 --> 00:50:53,000
Dr. D. says you would be surprised how far fires, pollutions, and smell can travel.

1012
00:50:53,000 --> 00:50:59,000
He suggests that we talk to a friend of his at NASA who specializes in that kind of thing.

1013
00:50:59,000 --> 00:51:00,000
Okay, that's it then.

1014
00:51:00,000 --> 00:51:02,000
It's a trash burning plant.

1015
00:51:02,000 --> 00:51:03,000
Let's call KSNN.

1016
00:51:03,000 --> 00:51:05,000
Watch me on the news.

1017
00:51:05,000 --> 00:51:08,000
I don't want to embarrass myself in front of all my friends.

1018
00:51:08,000 --> 00:51:10,000
We better be right.

1019
00:51:10,000 --> 00:51:13,000
I don't even know how far smell can travel.

1020
00:51:13,000 --> 00:51:17,000
I still think we should talk to Dr. D.'s friend just to be safe.

1021
00:51:17,000 --> 00:51:21,000
We can stop by NASA tomorrow before we go to KSNN.

1022
00:51:21,000 --> 00:51:22,000
Let's go.

1023
00:51:22,000 --> 00:51:23,000
Okay.

1024
00:51:25,000 --> 00:51:27,000
An alert for Expo today.

1025
00:51:27,000 --> 00:51:30,000
It appears to be the only city under stink siege.

1026
00:51:30,000 --> 00:51:33,000
Does anybody know in which direction the wind is blowing?

1027
00:51:33,000 --> 00:51:34,000
From the south.

1028
00:51:34,000 --> 00:51:36,000
And Dr. D. says he'll pick us up from NASA.

1029
00:51:36,000 --> 00:51:37,000
From the south what?

1030
00:51:37,000 --> 00:51:38,000
Come on.

1031
00:51:38,000 --> 00:51:39,000
We got to get out there.

1032
00:51:39,000 --> 00:51:40,000
Let's get up.

1033
00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:41,000
We know.

1034
00:51:41,000 --> 00:51:42,000
Get up and go.

1035
00:51:50,000 --> 00:51:51,000
Dr. Jack Fishman.

1036
00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:52,000
That's his name.

1037
00:51:52,000 --> 00:51:53,000
I think we're supposed to meet him here.

1038
00:51:53,000 --> 00:51:54,000
Hey.

1039
00:51:54,000 --> 00:51:55,000
There he is.

1040
00:51:55,000 --> 00:51:56,000
Hi.

1041
00:51:56,000 --> 00:51:57,000
I'm Bianca.

1042
00:51:57,000 --> 00:51:59,000
And this is Jacob and Matthew.

1043
00:51:59,000 --> 00:52:00,000
Hi guys.

1044
00:52:00,000 --> 00:52:04,000
I'm Jack Fishman and I work at NASA Langley Research Center in the atmospheric sciences department.

1045
00:52:04,000 --> 00:52:06,000
Is there anything I can help you with?

1046
00:52:06,000 --> 00:52:07,000
We have one question.

1047
00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:11,000
We were wondering if smell could travel all the way from Expo to Big City.

1048
00:52:11,000 --> 00:52:14,000
Well, you know, that's the research area I've been doing for a long time.

1049
00:52:14,000 --> 00:52:16,000
And I might just be able to have some answers for you.

1050
00:52:16,000 --> 00:52:19,000
Come on over to the laboratory and let me show you some stuff.

1051
00:52:19,000 --> 00:52:20,000
Okay.

1052
00:52:20,000 --> 00:52:21,000
Cool.

1053
00:52:21,000 --> 00:52:23,000
How far do smelly things travel?

1054
00:52:23,000 --> 00:52:25,000
Oh, you would really be surprised.

1055
00:52:25,000 --> 00:52:28,000
Here at NASA Langley in our atmospheric sciences research program,

1056
00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:34,000
we have special instruments we put on both airplanes and even on satellites to track these smelly molecules.

1057
00:52:34,000 --> 00:52:35,000
How far do you think they can travel?

1058
00:52:35,000 --> 00:52:36,000
Hundreds of miles.

1059
00:52:36,000 --> 00:52:37,000
Hundreds of miles?

1060
00:52:37,000 --> 00:52:38,000
From here to Tennessee?

1061
00:52:38,000 --> 00:52:39,000
From here to California?

1062
00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:41,000
Well, you'd be surprised.

1063
00:52:41,000 --> 00:52:45,000
At one point, we actually took measurements of fires in Africa and South America

1064
00:52:45,000 --> 00:52:50,000
and were able to track the chemicals in the smoke hundreds and hundreds of miles off the coast.

1065
00:52:50,000 --> 00:52:54,000
And when you were so far away from the fires, could you still smell them?

1066
00:52:54,000 --> 00:52:57,000
The smoke was certainly less dense and not even visible.

1067
00:52:57,000 --> 00:53:03,000
But with our special instruments, we could still tell the smoke was in the air and the smelly molecules were present.

1068
00:53:03,000 --> 00:53:05,000
And let me tell you something else.

1069
00:53:05,000 --> 00:53:10,000
Our instruments on satellites are able to see the smoke and the smelly molecules travel all the way from South America

1070
00:53:10,000 --> 00:53:13,000
all the way around the world past the Pacific Ocean.

1071
00:53:13,000 --> 00:53:15,000
Will they ever disappear?

1072
00:53:15,000 --> 00:53:16,000
Well, actually, yes.

1073
00:53:16,000 --> 00:53:20,000
Eventually, they'll react with another molecule to make a less smelly molecule.

1074
00:53:20,000 --> 00:53:23,000
These molecules, in turn, may get washed out by the rainfall.

1075
00:53:23,000 --> 00:53:25,000
And, yes, they disappear.

1076
00:53:25,000 --> 00:53:26,000
Wow.

1077
00:53:26,000 --> 00:53:27,000
I guess the answer is yes.

1078
00:53:27,000 --> 00:53:29,000
Smell really can travel.

1079
00:53:29,000 --> 00:53:31,000
I guess we'd better go back to see if we're right.

1080
00:53:31,000 --> 00:53:32,000
Hey, there's Dr. V.

1081
00:53:32,000 --> 00:53:33,000
Let's go.

1082
00:53:33,000 --> 00:53:34,000
Thanks for all your help.

1083
00:53:34,000 --> 00:53:35,000
Bye.

1084
00:53:35,000 --> 00:53:36,000
Bye, guys.

1085
00:53:36,000 --> 00:53:37,000
Bye.

1086
00:53:37,000 --> 00:53:39,000
It can't be the trash burning place.

1087
00:53:39,000 --> 00:53:41,000
I mean, we're nowhere near it.

1088
00:53:41,000 --> 00:53:44,000
We're just south of Expo and the stink is coming from the south.

1089
00:53:44,000 --> 00:53:46,000
Except the candy factory.

1090
00:53:46,000 --> 00:53:48,000
But that's not on the map.

1091
00:53:48,000 --> 00:53:49,000
Oh, that's right.

1092
00:53:49,000 --> 00:53:50,000
Because it's new.

1093
00:53:50,000 --> 00:53:51,000
It's new?

1094
00:53:51,000 --> 00:53:53,000
The candy factory?

1095
00:53:55,000 --> 00:53:57,000
Let me get out my cooking book.

1096
00:53:57,000 --> 00:53:58,000
That's funny.

1097
00:53:58,000 --> 00:54:01,000
I never thought of you, Dr. D, as a gourmet.

1098
00:54:01,000 --> 00:54:06,000
Yeah, but you know how to make artificial flavors like banana, pears, and pineapple.

1099
00:54:06,000 --> 00:54:08,000
Okay.

1100
00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:10,000
Smell this.

1101
00:54:12,000 --> 00:54:14,000
Ew!

1102
00:54:15,000 --> 00:54:16,000
Ew.

1103
00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:17,000
What are you trying to do?

1104
00:54:17,000 --> 00:54:18,000
Knock us out?

1105
00:54:18,000 --> 00:54:20,000
This is butyric acid.

1106
00:54:20,000 --> 00:54:21,000
Whoa.

1107
00:54:21,000 --> 00:54:24,000
That smells like the stink out at the factory.

1108
00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:27,000
We'll take this test tube and put it in a warm water bath.

1109
00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:34,000
Then we're going to add to the butyric acid some ethyl alcohol and some sulfuric acid.

1110
00:54:35,000 --> 00:54:36,000
Wow.

1111
00:54:36,000 --> 00:54:37,000
It smells so sweet.

1112
00:54:37,000 --> 00:54:39,000
Just like pineapples.

1113
00:54:39,000 --> 00:54:40,000
This is great.

1114
00:54:40,000 --> 00:54:42,000
I think we found the source of the stink.

1115
00:54:42,000 --> 00:54:44,000
All right.

1116
00:54:44,000 --> 00:54:46,000
Let's call Cassidy.

1117
00:54:47,000 --> 00:54:48,000
Hello?

1118
00:54:48,000 --> 00:54:49,000
Yes, this is Bianca.

1119
00:54:49,000 --> 00:54:50,000
Oh, great.

1120
00:54:50,000 --> 00:54:51,000
Thanks.

1121
00:54:51,000 --> 00:54:53,000
They want to come here?

1122
00:54:53,000 --> 00:54:55,000
Oh, I guess that's fine.

1123
00:54:55,000 --> 00:54:56,000
Okay, bye-bye.

1124
00:54:56,000 --> 00:54:58,000
You won't believe this.

1125
00:54:58,000 --> 00:55:00,000
We actually found the source.

1126
00:55:00,000 --> 00:55:01,000
This is so cool.

1127
00:55:01,000 --> 00:55:02,000
This is great.

1128
00:55:02,000 --> 00:55:04,000
I'm going to be famous.

1129
00:55:04,000 --> 00:55:05,000
Hey, Mom.

1130
00:55:05,000 --> 00:55:06,000
Guess what?

1131
00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:07,000
We found the stink problem.

1132
00:55:07,000 --> 00:55:09,000
And KSN wants to come over and interview us.

1133
00:55:09,000 --> 00:55:11,000
Honey, that's great.

1134
00:55:11,000 --> 00:55:12,000
Oh, look.

1135
00:55:12,000 --> 00:55:13,000
They're here.

1136
00:55:13,000 --> 00:55:15,000
We have to go down for the taping.

1137
00:55:15,000 --> 00:55:16,000
Let's go.

1138
00:55:19,000 --> 00:55:20,000
That was so cool.

1139
00:55:20,000 --> 00:55:23,000
I can't believe we're going to be on TV.

1140
00:55:23,000 --> 00:55:26,000
Who says this kind of stuff only happens on make-believe TV?

1141
00:55:26,000 --> 00:55:27,000
Turn on the TV.

1142
00:55:27,000 --> 00:55:29,000
We should be on in a few minutes.

1143
00:55:29,000 --> 00:55:31,000
I can't believe we made the news.

1144
00:55:31,000 --> 00:55:33,000
More like we're making the news.

1145
00:55:33,000 --> 00:55:36,000
We have some breaking news to report this Saturday afternoon.

1146
00:55:36,000 --> 00:55:39,000
Our treehouse detectives found the stink.

1147
00:55:39,000 --> 00:55:41,000
So what is the source of the smell?

1148
00:55:41,000 --> 00:55:42,000
It's on, it's on, it's on.

1149
00:55:42,000 --> 00:55:44,000
It's the new candy factory.

1150
00:55:44,000 --> 00:55:46,000
We even saw it with our own two eyes.

1151
00:55:46,000 --> 00:55:48,000
That's part of observation.

1152
00:55:48,000 --> 00:55:50,000
So how did you figure it out?

1153
00:55:50,000 --> 00:55:51,000
It wasn't easy.

1154
00:55:51,000 --> 00:55:53,000
We used a scientific method to help us.

1155
00:55:53,000 --> 00:55:55,000
It's really a tool we use every day.

1156
00:55:55,000 --> 00:55:56,000
I guess we just don't think about it.

1157
00:55:56,000 --> 00:55:58,000
So you asked a lot of questions.

1158
00:55:58,000 --> 00:55:59,000
Then what?

1159
00:55:59,000 --> 00:56:01,000
And then we formed a hypothesis.

1160
00:56:01,000 --> 00:56:04,000
At first we thought it was the chemical plant causing the stink.

1161
00:56:04,000 --> 00:56:07,000
Then our data showed us all the cities close to the chemical plant

1162
00:56:07,000 --> 00:56:09,000
didn't even notice the smell.

1163
00:56:09,000 --> 00:56:11,000
We were really bummed out.

1164
00:56:11,000 --> 00:56:12,000
But you didn't give up.

1165
00:56:12,000 --> 00:56:13,000
We were thinking of it.

1166
00:56:13,000 --> 00:56:16,000
But our friend Dr. D told us that real scientists never give up.

1167
00:56:16,000 --> 00:56:19,000
Then we started thinking about how smell travels.

1168
00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:23,000
And we decided that the wind outside must affect the smell.

1169
00:56:23,000 --> 00:56:25,000
It's simple, you know, the wind.

1170
00:56:25,000 --> 00:56:29,000
We found out that the fan made the smell go in a certain direction.

1171
00:56:29,000 --> 00:56:31,000
So we figured the wind did the same thing.

1172
00:56:31,000 --> 00:56:32,000
Get it?

1173
00:56:32,000 --> 00:56:33,000
Huh?

1174
00:56:33,000 --> 00:56:34,000
I think so.

1175
00:56:34,000 --> 00:56:35,000
Yeah, I got it.

1176
00:56:35,000 --> 00:56:38,000
And with Dr. D's help, we charted out the wind direction

1177
00:56:38,000 --> 00:56:41,000
and compared it to the email from the residents who smelled it,

1178
00:56:41,000 --> 00:56:44,000
which led us to a location exactly south of Exville,

1179
00:56:44,000 --> 00:56:46,000
which is where the new candy factory is.

1180
00:56:46,000 --> 00:56:49,000
Again, congratulations for helping us clear the air.

1181
00:56:49,000 --> 00:56:51,000
Management at the new candy factory told us

1182
00:56:51,000 --> 00:56:53,000
they didn't know they were causing all the stink.

1183
00:56:53,000 --> 00:56:55,000
They say they're taking care of the problem.

1184
00:56:55,000 --> 00:56:57,000
On Tuesday, you didn't smell the stink

1185
00:56:57,000 --> 00:57:00,000
because the factory closed down for some work.

1186
00:57:00,000 --> 00:57:02,000
That's all from KSNN.

1187
00:57:02,000 --> 00:57:05,000
Remember, if you want to see us, just watch us on TV

1188
00:57:05,000 --> 00:57:07,000
or click on our NASA website.

1189
00:57:07,000 --> 00:57:09,000
We'll be waiting for your messages.

1190
00:57:09,000 --> 00:57:11,000
Come on, let's watch ourselves on TV.

1191
00:57:13,000 --> 00:57:15,000
So, are you surprised about the ending?

1192
00:57:15,000 --> 00:57:16,000
I'll let you in on a secret.

1193
00:57:16,000 --> 00:57:18,000
Matthew, Bianca, and Jacob

1194
00:57:18,000 --> 00:57:20,000
might have found the location a lot sooner

1195
00:57:20,000 --> 00:57:22,000
if they weren't using an outdated map.

1196
00:57:22,000 --> 00:57:24,000
A new map like this shows the candy factory.

1197
00:57:24,000 --> 00:57:26,000
Remember to always use up-to-date resources.

1198
00:57:26,000 --> 00:57:28,000
One last science tip.

1199
00:57:28,000 --> 00:57:30,000
Always remember to use safety precautions

1200
00:57:30,000 --> 00:57:31,000
when doing experiments.

1201
00:57:31,000 --> 00:57:33,000
For example, whenever I mix chemicals,

1202
00:57:33,000 --> 00:57:35,000
I always use e-safety goggles,

1203
00:57:35,000 --> 00:57:37,000
like in our pineapple experiment.

1204
00:57:37,000 --> 00:57:39,000
And don't forget to always have an adult present.

1205
00:57:39,000 --> 00:57:41,000
Okay, time is running out.

1206
00:57:41,000 --> 00:57:43,000
I'll see you for our next adventure

1207
00:57:43,000 --> 00:57:46,000
with the Treehouse Detective on another NASA Wi-Files.

1208
00:58:08,000 --> 00:58:11,000
The NASA Wi-Files is made possible

1209
00:58:11,000 --> 00:58:14,000
by the generous support of SeaWorld and Busch Gardens

1210
00:58:14,000 --> 00:58:16,000
and the NASA Langley Research Center's

1211
00:58:16,000 --> 00:58:19,000
Aerospace Vehicle Systems Technology Program Office.