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Hello everyone welcome back to class in this video you are going to learn about

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the unit 3 that is the secondary sector and there will be three different

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videos in the first one you are going to see the secondary sector what it is

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basically and the elements of the industrial activity in the second one

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the types of industries and in the third video the industrial location so as you

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probably remember the secondary sector is the economic or it involves the

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economic activities related with the transformation of raw materials into

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goods that we can consume there are two different types of activities related

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with the secondary sector that are construction and industry finally about

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the secondary sector you need to need the elements that are involved that

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basically are the raw materials and the energy sources the capital the human

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resources and technology finally about the industry there is something very

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interesting is that we normally call developed country the countries that

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have strong industries while the countries that are non industrialized

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that don't have any strong a strong industry are considered underdeveloped

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by countries like Spain, the United States, and so on.

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About the industry, it's also very important to know

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that there are different stages in which it has developed.

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The first one is the first industrial revolution that happened

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between 1750 and 1850.

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In this revolution, the textile and metallurgical industry were developed.

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There were new types of transport, like the railroad

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and the communications that developed in this period were the telephone and the telegraph.

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There were also new sources of energy, in this case it's coal, carbon,

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that is going to be used for the steam engine, la máquina de vapor.

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Then, during the second industrial revolution, between the 19th and the 20th century,

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there are new industries that are going to be developed.

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This is thanks to a new type of energy that was electricity, that was invented in this period, and it changed everything.

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For example, a lot of electrical devices were built in industries like the one that created televisions, the radio, the car, and so on.

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There is also another source of energy, instead of coal, that is oil, that is going to allow a faster combustion,

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which means that the oil can be burned better than coal finally since 1950 the third industrial

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revolution took place the innovations are related with communications and the internet

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so the main industries are biotechnology i.t that is telecommunications basically and micro

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electronics and there are also new types of energy like the nuclear energy because

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of the pollution that was created by coal oil or gas the alternative sources

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of energy that you know are going to be developed now let's take a look to the

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elements of the industrial activity the first one is the raw materials that are

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the natural resources that we are going to transform into goods then we have the energy

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sources that are going to give us the power to transform the raw materials the people or human

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resources that provide labor and finally the capital and technology that we are going to need

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for moving all the other resources okay so let's take a look to the raw materials we can have

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different types depending on the origin for example artificial materials like plastic

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the animal materials like milk vegetable materials like cotton algodon but the most

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important ones for industry are the mineral materials for example metals or energy minerals

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These materials are so important that they are causing conflicts all around the world

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because the countries that have most of these materials are poor countries

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and the countries that need them normally are developed or industrialized countries

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like the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and so on.

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The main producers of minerals are these three,

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China the United States and Australia but there are also some other countries

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that are very important like Russia Chile Brazil Democratic Republic of

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Congo etc most of these countries well the main producers in general are not

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from Europe and Spain is not among them this is because since centuries the raw

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materials of the European continent have been exhausted. In this map you can see

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which are the main producers of minerals on the planet, okay, and some of these

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producers, like Bolivia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Malaysia and so on, are

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not strong countries, so they are normally controlled by more powerful

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countries. In this map you can see the main coal deposits of the planet and in

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On this one I want to stop a little bit because you can see the main world oil deposits.

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As you can see there is a region in this circle that is called the Middle East that has the

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main oil deposits of the planet.

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There are also some other places like Venezuela, Libya, Canada, but in this place, in this

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one, you have most of the oil that we consume.

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In this map you can see the difference between the countries, okay?

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So Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait and so on have a lot of petrol.

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And unfortunately for some of these countries, having petrol is not only a source of wealth,

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no es solo una fuente de riqueza, it's also a source of conflict.

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And there has been a lot of wars because of that in this region.

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basically because the United Kingdom, the France, the United States and other countries

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tried to control the oil deposits of these places.

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Finally, in this map you can see the main gas deposits of the planet.

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And in Spain, mining is not very important.

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We have some mines in Sierra Morena, in Cordillera Cantábrica, Montes de León

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and for example one really important mine is this one that is in Almaden

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that has been traditionally one of the most important mines of Spain,

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but compared to the rest of the world, they are not very important.

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There are a lot of environmental consequences,

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but the main one is that mining is going to change the land surface

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and also the water pollution that is caused by mining.

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About the energy sources that are our second element,

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they give us the power to transform the raw materials we can divide the energy sources in

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many ways for example renewable and non-renewable but we also can divide it in alternative and

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traditional or also in clean energies and polluting energies in this case for economy

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is more interesting renewable and non-renewable and the renewable as you all know are the ones

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that we can consume for longer periods of time or forever like the solar energy

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and the non-renewable ones are the ones that can be exhausted unfortunately for

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us these are the ones that are used the most for example if you take a look at

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this pie chart you can see that petrol is the most used energy source then we

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have coal, natural gas and finally with less than an 11% we have the renewable

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sources of energy. So eventually all of these ones will be exhausted and we

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won't have the energy that we need. We need to invest a lot in renewable

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sources of energy. In this slide there is another interesting thing is the

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difference between the producers and the consumers of energy. The main producers

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normally are countries that have petrol and they made an association that is called OPEC or OPEP

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that set the prices of petrol. The other nations like the European nations need to invest money

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in renewable sources basically because we don't have petrol for example, we don't have oil and we

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depend a lot on them so they can manipulate us with the prices of oil. In this map we also have

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interesting information about the energy consumption in the world. As you can see

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in red there are countries like Saudi Arabia, Canada, the United States, Oman,

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the United Arab Emirates, Norway that are the highest consumers of

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energy of the planet. And this is because the people in these places have very

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cheap energy because they have petrol so they consume a lot in summer in winter

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in all seasons then in some places like the European Union China Japan Australia

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we consume also more energy than the rest of the planet but this is because

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we are wealth countries okay finally in places like Central Africa they don't

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have the energetic infrastructure for electricity and that's why they don't

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consume so much, because they don't have the resources. Finally, we have to take

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into account that there are environmental consequences. There are a

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lot, like nuclear disasters, acid rain, air pollution, and for us, diseases that we

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can develop if we breathe contamination. But the main environmental problem is

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the greenhouse effect, el efecto invernadero. This is not terrible, because

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natural greenhouse effect is what keeps the planet warm but unfortunately if we

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are polluting with greenhouse gases like co2 and the greenhouse effect increases

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and there is an increase also in the temperatures this is what we call

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climate change or cambio climatico another element of industries is the

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human resources and there are going to be differences between the developed

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countries and the developing countries. Basically, in the working conditions that

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are much better in developed countries, while in developing countries they have

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really bad working conditions, no breaks, no safety standards, no holidays, etc.

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And the other difference is the qualifications. In developed countries

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normally the labor in industry are people that have studies or that are

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prepared for certain works while in developing countries the only thing that

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is necessary is that they are cheap but they are not going to ask them for

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having a degree or some studies and the last element is the capital the capital

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is needed for industrial activities and basically because we have to pay for the

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workers we have to buy the raw materials we have to pay for the energy we have to

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pay taxes if we have industry so we need money in order to create our industry we need buildings in

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which we are going to perform the transformation of the raw materials into manufactured products

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we need machines so all of this is the capital of the company if the capital belongs um

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to people it will be private if it belongs to the government it will be public and if it is

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belonging to both of them, like Huawei, de la compañía de móviles, it will be mixed.

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So, all of these are the elements. I hope you understood them. If you have questions, ask me, and

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espero que no estéis como esta pobre torrecita que se está cayendo. Bye, bye.