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Hello class, today we are going to carry on explaining Nazism in Germany during the interwar period.

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This is the second class related to this topic.

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And as we explained in the previous lesson, the economic crisis in 1929 changed everything in Germany.

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If we pay attention to the results of the election in 1928, I mean before the crisis, the Nazi party only got 12 seats in parliament.

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However, after the crisis in 1930 they got more than 100 and this situation changed everything.

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Because due to the decline of the liberal system during the time of the Weimar Republic, the Weimar Republic organized another election due to this decline.

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And in July of 1932, this is the moment when the Nazi party reached its peak because they got more than 200 seats in parliament.

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Much of the population at that moment began to support extremist parties.

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Green members of the bourgeoisie, farmers and desperate workers were attracted by Nazi promises.

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And also, by contrast, intellectuals and most workers were in favor of the communist party.

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If we pay attention to the seats in parliament of the communist party, they were almost 90 MPs or seats.

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They got almost 90 seats in parliament plus more than 100 seats from the social democrats.

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So at that moment, due to the result of the elections, the socialist and the communist would take the power at that moment in Germany.

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But they didn't get the power in the Weimar Republic for two different reasons.

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Because at that moment, the socialist and the communist didn't get along with each other.

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They didn't get along with each other, they didn't have the same political program.

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And also because the Nazi party began to receive the support of important figures in industry and finance and received considerable financial assistance.

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Actually, in the elections of 1932, the Nazi party won 13 million votes at that moment.

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They got almost 200 seats, even more actually, 230.

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So, for this reason, the situation changed completely.

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And to be honest, we almost hear that the Nazi party got the power due to some important elections in July 1932.

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But, to be honest, if we pay attention to the result of the elections in November 1932, the Nazis were in decline compared to the elections in July.

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Because in July they got more than 200 seats, but in November they were in decline because there was a significant reduction in the number of seats in parliament.

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However, the social democrats and the communists increased their number of seats and votes and, to be honest, they could get the power at that moment.

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However, important businessmen in Germany and the elite in the administration and in the political system were against the communists.

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Because, remember, Germany at that moment was extremely conservative.

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They defended the private property above all.

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They were extremely conservative and, for this reason, Hitler became the chancellor of Germany in January 1933.

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So, Hitler didn't get his position as chancellor due to the result of an election.

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He got his position due to an intrigue.

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Why? Because the prime minister at that time, von Papen, and the president, Hindenburg,

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the hero from the First World War, would prefer to give the power to Hitler more than giving the power to the socialists and communists.

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This is the reason that explains how it was possible for Hitler to get the power, not from an election.

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He got the power for a political intrigue.

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And now we are going to explain how it was possible to turn a liberal political system into a dictatorship, into a totalitarian system, in just a couple of months, in just a few months.

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If you remember, Hitler became chancellor in January and in February he built the concentration camp in Dachau to send there his political opponents, such as socialists, communists, Jews, gypsies.

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In March it happened the burning of the Reichstag.

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When Hitler blamed the communists for burning the Reichstag, because remember that Marius van der Lubbe, a Dutch communist, was found there.

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Marius van der Lubbe was found there, inside of the Reichstag, in the building.

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However, now we know that in reality the Nazis in March 1933 were the main instigators to burn the Reichstag.

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So Hitler blamed the communists, but in reality the Nazis were the main instigators.

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They were the ones who burned the Reichstag.

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And this situation changed everything because the communists and socialists were put out of law.

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And in this atmosphere, in this particular atmosphere against the socialists and against the communists, Hitler organized new elections in March 1933.

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Remember that at that moment the socialists and the communists were put out of law.

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Actually, the main leader of the communists, Paul Tolman, ended in Dachau.

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But in the elections, the socialists and the communists, they were not pretty bad, because actually they got important seats in the parliament.

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However, in this contest, the Nazis won the elections, finally.

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And Hitler used this result to put an end to the Weimar Republic and to build the Third Reich as a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Actually, in March, he had complete control by law. He controlled completely the parliament.

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And together with Goering, as his second hand in parliament, he banned the political parties, the freedoms and the rights in Germany, and he banned also the trade unions.

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Only in March, in just three months, Hitler managed to turn the country into a totalitarian regime.

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He got even more power when President Hindenburg died in August, and this is the moment when Hitler became the president of Germany.

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The political parties, the parliament and the government ended because the Nazis had full power.

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However, some businessmen in Germany and the army were against the SA, because the SA, under the rule of Ernst Röhm, got a lot of power.

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They were a threat, in reality, for the army, because they competed themselves for the power.

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And actually, the SA was in favor of revolution. They were in favor of a revolution.

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And obviously, the extremely conservative businessmen in Germany were against a revolution.

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That's why they gave a lot of money to the Nazi party.

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And for this reason, this establishment, these people who were at the top, gave the order to Hitler to put an end to the SA.

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The SA ended in June in 1934, in the night which was widely known as the Night of the Long Knives, when 85 members of the SA, the ones who were at the top, were killed.

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They were assassinated, and also Ernst Röhm, one of the second hands of Adolf Hitler, was assassinated.

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Röhm was replaced, and also the SA were replaced, both of them very soon, by this man, Heinrich Himmler, who became the second hand of Hitler, with the forces that were controlled by him, which were the SA.

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And this is the moment, after the Night of the Long Knives, when the SA were replaced by the SS, which were another paramilitary group, which gave their support to Adolf Hitler to control the streets against the communists.

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So, now this is the moment when Adolf Hitler had full control to create a totalitarian regime. He controlled the economy, actually he imposed the autarchy, and due to the lack of resources he imposed, he rationalized the food, he rationalized the main products in Germany.

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Actually, he gave a ration card to each family in Germany. He developed a massive construction of public works, obras publicas, to build the highways, the autopistas in Germany, in order to give jobs to all Germans in Germany.

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He developed the car industry, he gave a boost to the Volkswagen, to develop the car industry as a basis for other industries in Germany, because you know that many industries were developed due to the importance of the car industry.

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And also Hitler used the propaganda together with Goebbels and the censorship to control the country. Actually, he shocked the social cohesion in the country when he implemented the Nuremberg Law, which was a new civil code in 1935.

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This civil code was based on the idea of the superiority of the Aryan race, the German race, against the Jewish community, against the Jews.

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And when the Nuremberg Law was implemented, a backlash, a social campaign against the Jews began. Actually, Hitler gave the order to the boycott of the Jewish shops.

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And this situation, this breeding ground, led to the night of the broken glass, la noche de los cristales rotos, which began on the 9th of November in 1938.

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When, as you can see here, these sad images, where all these Jewish shops were broken, and also almost, actually, more than 200 synagogues were burned at that moment.

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7,000 Jewish businesses were trashed and looted. And, even more regrettably than that, 30,000 Yemeni Jews were arrested for the crime of being Jewish, and they were sent to the concentration camps.

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So, this is the beginning of the Holocaust. And, in terms of his military policy, Hitler was in favour of the rearmament from 1935.

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He built a weapon industry. He developed the weaponry industry in Germany, and he rejected the Peace Treaty of Versailles. He was completely against the Treaty of Versailles.

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And both policies, the rearmament in the army and the rejection of the Versailles Treaty, led, regrettably, to the Second World War. But this is another story that I will explain very soon.

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Thank you for your attention. Bye bye.